Applied Geophysics最新文献

{"title":"Earthquake detection probabilities and completeness magnitude in the northern margin of the Ordos Block","authors":"Fan Zhang, Xiao-Zhong Yang, Feng-Zhi Cui","doi":"10.1007/s11770-024-1128-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11770-024-1128-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The assessment of the completeness of earthquake catalogs is a prerequisite for studying the patterns of seismic activity. In traditional approaches, the minimum magnitude of completeness (<i>M</i><sub>C</sub>) is employed to evaluate catalog completeness, with events below <i>M</i><sub>C</sub> being discarded, leading to the underutilization of the data. Detection probability is a more detailed measure of the catalog’s completeness than <i>M</i><sub>C</sub>; its use results in better model compatibility with data in seismic activity modeling and allows for more comprehensive utilization of seismic observation data across temporal, spatial, and magnitude dimensions. Using the magnitude–rank method I and Maximum Curvature (MAXC) methods, we analyzed temporal variations in earthquake catalog completeness, finding that <i>M</i><sub>C</sub> stabilized after 2010, which closely coincides with improvements in monitoring capabilities and the densification of seismic networks. Employing the probability-based magnitude of completeness (PMC) and entire magnitude range (EMR) methods, grounded in distinct foundational assumptions and computational principles, we analyzed the 2010–2023 earthquake catalog for the northern margin of the Ordos Block, aiming to assess the detection I probability of earthquakes and the completeness of the earthquake catalog. The PMC method yielded the detection probability distribution for 76 stations in the distance–magnitude space. A scoring metric was designed based on station detection capabilities for small earthquakes in the near field. From the detection probabilities of stations, we inferred detection probabilities of the network for different magnitude ranges and mapped the spatial distribution of the probability-based completeness magnitude. In the EMR method, we employed a segmented model fitted to the observed data to determine the detection probability and completeness magnitude for every grid point in the study region. We discussed the sample dependency and low-magnitude failure phenomena of the PMC method, noting the potential overestimation of detection probabilities for lower magnitudes and the underestimation of <i>M</i><sub>C</sub> in areas with weaker monitoring capabilities. The results obtained via the two methods support these hypotheses. The assessment results indicate better monitoring capabilities on the eastern side of the study area but worse on the northwest side. The spatial distribution of network monitoring capabilities is uneven, correlating with the distribution of stations and showing significant differences in detection capabilities among different stations. The truncation effects of data and station selection affected the evaluation results at the edges of the study area. Overall, both methods yielded detailed descriptions of the earthquake catalog, but careful selection of calculation parameters or adjustments based on the strengths of different methods is necessary to correct potential bia","PeriodicalId":55500,"journal":{"name":"Applied Geophysics","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-well wavelet-synchronized inversion based on particle swarm optimization","authors":"Huan Yuan, San-Yi Yuan, SuQin, Hong-Qiu Wang, Hua-Hui Zeng, Shi-Jun Yue","doi":"10.1007/s11770-024-1123-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11770-024-1123-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wavelet estimation is an important part of high-resolution seismic data processing. However, it is difficult to preserve the lateral continuity of geological structures and effectively recover weak geological bodies using conventional deterministic wavelet inversion methods, which are based on the joint inversion of wells with seismic data. In this study, starting from a single well, on the basis of the theory of single-well and multi-trace convolution, we propose a steady-state seismic wavelet extraction method for synchronized inversion using spatial multi-well and multi-well-side seismic data. The proposed method uses a spatially variable weighting function and wavelet invariant constraint conditions with particle swarm optimization to extract the optimal spatial seismic wavelet from multi-well and multi-well-side seismic data to improve the spatial adaptability of the extracted wavelet and inversion stability. The simulated data demonstrate that the wavelet extracted using the proposed method is very stable and accurate. Even at a low signal-to-noise ratio, the proposed method can extract satisfactory seismic wavelets that reflect lateral changes in structures and weak effective geological bodies. The processing results for the field data show that the deconvolution results improve the vertical resolution and distinguish between weak oil and water thin layers and that the horizontal distribution characteristics are consistent with the log response characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":55500,"journal":{"name":"Applied Geophysics","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-Frequency Sweep Design—A Case Study in Middle East Desert Environments","authors":"Yong-fei Qi, Zhou-hong Wei, Ming-tao Nie, Guo-fa Li, Tao Wang, Hai Ling, Sheng-kui Cong, Xin-yang Chen, Chang-ping Duan, Yang Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11770-024-1126-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11770-024-1126-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Low-frequency vibroseis acquisition has become a routine operation in land seismic surveys, given the advantages of low-frequency signals in characterizing geological structures and enhancing the imaging of deep exploration targets. The two key points of low-frequency sweep design techniques include controlling the distortion and improving the output energy during the low-frequency stage. However, the vibrators are limited by the maximum flow provided by the hydraulic systems at the low-frequency stage, causing difficulty in satisfying exploration energy requirements. Initially, a theoretical analysis of the low-frequency acquisition performance of vibrators is conducted. A theoretical maximum output force below 10 Hz is obtained by guiding through theoretical formulas and combining actual vibrator parameters. Then, the signal is optimized according to the surface characteristics of the operation area. Finally, detailed application quality control and operational procedures are established. The new low-frequency sweep design method has overcome the maximum flow limitations of the hydraulic system, increased the low-frequency energy, and achieved broadband acquisition. The designed signal has been tested and applied on various types of ground surfaces in the Middle East desert region, yielding good performance. The proposed low-frequency sweep design method holds considerable value for the application of conventional vibroseis in low-frequency acquisition.</p>","PeriodicalId":55500,"journal":{"name":"Applied Geophysics","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142225700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on Paleoearthquake and Recurrence Characteristics of Strong Earthquakes in Active Faults of Mainland China","authors":"Yao-Hu Zhang, Hua Pan, Jiang Cheng, Meng Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11770-024-1125-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11770-024-1125-4","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Paleoearthquake research represents an essential method for determining recurrence intervals of large earthquakes. Reasonable determination of the average recurrence interval and coefficient of variation provides a crucial basis for the analysis of the recurrence characteristics of strong earthquakes on intraplate faults in Mainland China. Paleoearthquake data from 145 fault segments of 93 well-studied faults in Mainland China were collected, organized, and analyzed to discuss the rational estimation of the average recurrence interval and coefficient of variation of a strong earthquake occurrence probability model. First, differences in structural environments were used as a basis to investigate the spatial distribution characteristics of the average recurrence intervals of strong earthquakes. The results indicate significant variations in the recurrence periods of strong earthquakes in the Sichuan–Yunnan, Xinjiang, North China, and northeastern Tibetan Plateau structure zones. The Sichuan–Yunnan structure zone exhibited the shortest average recurrence interval for strong earthquakes, which was mainly distributed between 100 and 2000 years, and a relatively high slip rate. The Xinjiang structure zone attained a relatively balanced recurrence interval frequency distribution of 1000–4500 years and a moderate slip rate. The North China structure zone showed the lowest slip rate, with the strong earthquake recurrence interval mainly concentrated between 1000 and 4000 years. The northeastern Tibetan Plateau structure zone presented two main frequency peaks in the strong earthquake recurrence intervals between 1000–3000 years and 3000–5000 years and a relatively high slip rate. The slip rate is a key factor influencing the recurrence interval of strong earthquakes, and active faults with high slip rates show short recurrence intervals. Furthermore, the relationship between fault slip rate, fault type, and the average recurrence interval of strong earthquakes was examined. The results indicate a good logarithmic linear relationship between the fault slip rate and the average recurrence interval of large earthquakes—the higher the slip rate, the shorter the recurrence interval of strong earthquakes. Fault type also showed a relation to the average recurrence interval, with the intervals for various types of active faults gradually increasing in the order of strike-slip, normal, reverse strike-slip, reverse, and normal strike-slip faults. Second, we calculated the proportions of active faults and various fault types in each structure zone that had a coefficient of variation in recurrence intervals less than 0.4. The findings reveal that the occurrence of strong earthquakes on most active faults in Mainland China satisfies a quasiperiodic model. The general coefficient of variation across different structure zones and fault types ranges between 0.36 and 0.44, which indicates the nonsignificant difference in the degree of variability in the periodicity o","PeriodicalId":55500,"journal":{"name":"Applied Geophysics","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capacity matching and optimization of solar-ground source heat pump coupling systems","authors":"Jing-hui Luo, Yun-xin Huang, Jing-gang Wang, Wei Liu, Wen-hong Wang, Zi-chen Han, Chang-jian Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11770-024-1130-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11770-024-1130-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ground source heat pump systems demonstrate significant potential for northern rural heating applications; however, the effectiveness of these systems is often limited by challenging geological conditions. For instance, in certain regions, the installation of buried pipes for heat exchangers may be complicated, and these pipes may not always serve as efficient low-temperature heat sources for the heat pumps of the system. To address this issue, the current study explored the use of solar-energy-collecting equipment to supplement buried pipes. In this design, both solar energy and geothermal energy provide low-temperature heat to the heat pump. First, a simulation model of a solar-ground source heat pump coupling system was established using TRNSYS. The accuracy of this model was validated through experiments and simulations on various system configurations, including varying numbers of buried pipes, different areas of solar collectors, and varying volumes of water tanks. The simulations examined the coupling characteristics of these components and their influence on system performance. The results revealed that the operating parameters of the system remained consistent across the following configurations: three buried pipes, burial depth of 20 m, collector area of 6 m², and water tank volume of 0.5 m³; four buried pipes, burial depth of 20 m, collector area of 3 m², and water tank volume of 0.5 m³; and five buried pipes with a burial depth of 20 m. Furthermore, the heat collection capacity of the solar collectors spanning an area of 3 m² was found to be equivalent to that of one buried pipe. Moreover, the findings revealed that the solar-ground source heat pump coupling system demonstrated a lower annual cumulative energy consumption compared to the ground source heat pump system, presenting a reduction of 5.31% compared to the energy consumption of the latter.</p>","PeriodicalId":55500,"journal":{"name":"Applied Geophysics","volume":"154 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fast Forward Modeling of Resistivity Method under Complex Topography Using Finite Element Method","authors":"Zhan Wang, Chang-Wei Li, Yu-Zeng Lv, Run-Lin Luo, Bo Cheng, Bo Li","doi":"10.1007/s11770-024-1054-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11770-024-1054-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A parallel finite element scheme for 3D resistivity method forward modeling is introduced in this article. The domain decomposition algorithm, along with a message passing interface, is used to implement parallelism. The computational domain is divided into subdomains, and mesh partitioning is combined with load balancing. Unstructured meshes and local mesh refinement strategies are used to realize high precision for complex topography models. Furthermore, an improved linear solver for multi-electrode resistivity method modeling is adopted. Recycling preconditioned conjugate gradient, which is a linear solver, is based on the similarity of linear systems between point sources. The multiple right-hand-side linear systems corresponding to different point source positions are constructed, and the accelerated convergence is obtained through recycling subspace using the linear solver. The computational accuracy and efficiency of the forward scheme for complex topography models are verified using the numerical test results.</p>","PeriodicalId":55500,"journal":{"name":"Applied Geophysics","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141868333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrical structure identification of deep shale gas reservoir in complex structural area using wide field electromagnetic method","authors":"Zhi-Wen Gu, Yue-Gang Li, Chang-Heng Yu, Zhong-Ping Zou, Ai-Guo Hu, Xue-Bo Yin, Qinag Wang, Heng Ye, Zhang-Kun Tan","doi":"10.1007/s11770-024-1115-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11770-024-1115-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To fully exploit the technical advantages of the large-depth and high-precision artificial source electromagnetic method in the complex structure area of southern Sichuan and compensate for the shortcomings of the conventional electromagnetic method in exploration depth, precision, and accuracy, the large-depth and high-precision wide field electromagnetic method is applied to the complex structure test area of the Luochang syncline and Yuhe nose anticline in the southern Sichuan. The advantages of the wide field electromagnetic method in detecting deep, low-resistivity thin layers are demonstrated. First, on the basis of the analysis of physical property data, a geological–geoelectric model is established in the test area, and the wide field electromagnetic method is numerically simulated to analyze and evaluate the response characteristics of deep thin shale gas layers on wide field electromagnetic curves. Second, a wide field electromagnetic test is conducted in the complex structure area of southern Sichuan. After data processing and inversion imaging, apparent resistivity logging data are used for calibration to develop an apparent resistivity interpretation model suitable for the test area. On the basis of the results, the characteristics of the electrical structure change in the shallow longitudinal formation of 6 km are implemented, and the transverse electrical distribution characteristics of the deep shale gas layer are delineated. In the prediction area near the well, the subsequent data verification shows that the apparent resistivity obtained using the inversion of the wide field electromagnetic method is consistent with the trend of apparent resistivity revealed by logging, which proves that this method can effectively identify the weak response characteristics of deep shale gas formations in complex structural areas. This experiment, it is shown shows that the wide field electromagnetic method with a large depth and high precision can effectively characterize the electrical characteristics of deep, low-resistivity thin layers in complex structural areas, and a new set of low-cost evaluation technologies for shale gas target layers based on the wide field electromagnetic method is explored.</p>","PeriodicalId":55500,"journal":{"name":"Applied Geophysics","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141781964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Learning-based Reconstruction of GRACE Data Based on Changes in Total Water Storage and Its Accuracy Assessment","authors":"Yong Su, Yi-Fei Yang, Yi-Yu Yang","doi":"10.1007/s11770-024-1124-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11770-024-1124-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Since April 2002, the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Satellite (GRACE) has provided monthly total water storage anomalies (TWSAs) on a global scale. However, these TWSAs are discontinuous because some GRACE observation data are missing. This study presents a combined machine learning-based modeling algorithm without hydrological model data. The TWSA time-series data for 11 large regions worldwide were divided into training and test sets. Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), long short-term memory (LSTM), and an ARIMA–LSTM combined model were used. The model predictions were compared with GRACE observations, and the model accuracy was evaluated using five metrics: the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE), Pearson correlation coefficient (CC), root mean square error (RMSE), normalized RMSE (NRMSE), and mean absolute percentage error. The results show that at the basin scale, the mean CC, NSE, and NRMSE for the ARIMA–LSTM model were 0.93, 0.83, and 0.12, respectively. At the grid scale, this study compared the spatial distribution and cumulative distribution function curves of the metrics in the Amazon and Volga River basins. The ARIMA–LSTM model had mean CC and NSE values of 0.89 and 0.61 and 0.92 and 0.61 in the Amazon and Volga River basins, respectively, which are superior to those of the ARIMA model (0.86 and 0.48 and 0.88 and 0.46, respectively) and the LSTM model (0.80 and 0.41 and 0.89 and 0.31, respectively). In the ARIMA–LSTM model, the proportions of grid cells with NSE &gt; 0.50 for the two basins were 63.3% and 80.8%, while they were 54.3% and 51.3% in the ARIMA model and 53.7% and 43.2% in the LSTM model. The ARIMA–LSTM model significantly improved the NSE values of the predictions while guaranteeing high CC values in the GRACE data reconstruction at both scales, which can aid in filling in discontinuous data in temporal gravity field models..</p>","PeriodicalId":55500,"journal":{"name":"Applied Geophysics","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141781965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of NLLoc positioning method and seismogenic structure analysis of Luanzhou MS 4.3 earthquake","authors":"Yang Zhang, Xiao-Shan Wang, Ting Chen, Guo-Jun Lv, Hai-lin Yu, Jun-lin Chen","doi":"10.1007/s11770-024-1122-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11770-024-1122-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>NLLoc is a nonlinear search positioning method. In this study, we use simulated arrival time data to quantitatively evaluate the NLLoc method from three aspects: arrival time picking accuracy, station distribution, and velocity model. The results show that the NLLoc method exhibits high positioning accuracy and stability in terms of arrival time picking accuracy and station distribution; however, it is sensitive to the velocity model. The positioning accuracy is higher when the velocity model is smaller than the true velocity. We combined absolute and relative positioning methods. First, we use the NLLoc method for absolute positioning of seismic data and then the double difference positioning method for relative positioning to obtain a more accurate relocation result. Furthermore, we used the combined method to locate the earthquake sequence after collecting dense seismic array data on the Luanzhou <i>M</i>_S 4.3 earthquake that occurred on April 16, 2021, in Hebei Province. By fitting the fault plane with the relocated earthquake sequences, the results show that the strike and dip angles of the seismogenic fault of the Luanzhou <i>M</i>_S 4.3 earthquake are 208.5° and 85.6°, respectively. This indicates a high-dip angle fault with North–North–East strike and North–West dip directions. Furthermore, we infer that the seismogenic fault of the Luanzhou <i>M</i>_<i>S</i> 4.3 earthquake is the Lulong fault.</p>","PeriodicalId":55500,"journal":{"name":"Applied Geophysics","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141609405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Training data selection using information entropy: Application to heating load modeling of rural residence in northern China","authors":"Li-gai Kang, Hao Li, Zhi-chao Wang, Dong-xiang Sun, Jin-zhu Wang, Yang Yang, Xu Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11770-024-1120-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11770-024-1120-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The selection of input variables and their amount has been an important issue in big data load forecasting. Taking heating load forecasting as an example, this paper proposed a method for data filtering based on information entropy. First, the heating data from an air source heat pump system adopted by a rural residence in northern China were employed. Moreover, the training data were classified based on linear or nonlinear variations of outdoor temperature and its changing ranges, while the validation data included three different types of weather conditions, namely, cold, cool, and mild. Then, the information entropy under 2-h, 4-h, 6-h and 8-h training window was quantified to be 1.811, 1.839, 1.877 and 1.856, respectively. For the employed rural residence, an equivalent three-resistance and two-capacity model was established to validate the effectiveness of the training window. Using the derived optimal thermal resistance and capacity, the various selection of outdoor temperature variation trend and range were compared and optimized. Results showed that 6 h of training data had the maximum information entropy and the most abundant information, the minimum errors between actual and forecasting data were observed under 6 h of training data, linear change, and lower outdoor temperature. The mean absolute percentage errors for the load forecasting of three typical days were 5.63%, 8.46%, and 12.10%, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":55500,"journal":{"name":"Applied Geophysics","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141585212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}