Australasian Journal on Ageing最新文献

{"title":"Long-Term Determinants of Lean Mass in Ageing Adults: A 17-Year Longitudinal Cohort Study With Repeated Measures","authors":"Aminu Suleiman,&nbsp;Mojtaba Lotfaliany,&nbsp;Lana J. Williams,&nbsp;Kara B. Anderson,&nbsp;Emma C. West,&nbsp;Amanda L. Stuart,&nbsp;Julie A. Pasco","doi":"10.1111/ajag.70242","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajag.70242","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Age-related loss of lean mass is a hallmark of sarcopenia and a contributor to functional decline and morbidity in ageing populations. This study aimed to identify long-term determinants of lean mass during ageing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data from 3033 participants (ages 20–96 years; 49% women) in the Geelong Osteoporosis Study were analysed using linear mixed effect models with random intercepts. Appendicular lean mass (ALM) was derived from arm and leg lean mass measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Time-varying covariates were included; missing data were imputed using predictive mean matching.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Over 16.7 years (IQR 9.7–23.2), women and older participants had lower ALM (<i>β</i> = −8.36; 95% CI –8.58, –8.15; <i>β</i> = −0.07; 95% CI –0.08, –0.06). Higher ALM was associated with socio-economic status (0.33; 0.14, 0.51), dietary calcium intake (0.46; 0.20, 0.67), femoral neck BMD (0.38; 0.29, 0.47) and thyroid hormone therapy (0.52; 0.04, 0.99). Physical inactivity (−0.48; −0.65, –0.31), smoking (−0.24; −0.46, –0.06) and stroke history (−0.51; −0.96, –0.07) were associated with lower ALM. Non-linear associations were observed for follow-up duration (fu: <i>β</i> = −0.16; fu²: <i>β</i> = 0.01; −<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), body mass index (BMI: <i>β</i> = 0.55; BMI²: <i>β</i> = −0.00; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), systolic blood pressure (SBP: <i>β</i> = 0.06; SBP²: <i>β</i> = −0.00; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), serum C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTx: <i>β</i> = 0.14, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001; CTx²: <i>β</i> = −0.01, <i>p</i> = 0.03) and high-sensitivity Creactive protein (hsCRP: <i>β</i> = −10.38; hsCRP²: <i>β</i> = 11.70; −<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). In fat-mass-adjusted models, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.14; 0.04, 0.24) and triglycerides (0.22; 0.11, 0.33) were positively associated with ALM, whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (−0.53; −0.81, –0.25) was inversely associated with ALM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sociodemographic, lifestyle, anthropometric, clinical, biochemical and treatment-related factors show independent associations with longitudinal changes in ALM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55431,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal on Ageing","volume":"45 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13656336/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149172336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Listen to Your Heart and Mind: A Pilot Mixed-Methods Study on Combined Screening for Raised Blood Pressure, Atrial Fibrillation, Cognitive Impairment and Hearing Loss in Older Adults","authors":"Isabella Tan,&nbsp;Aletta E. Schutte,&nbsp;Catherine Morgan,&nbsp;Henry Brodaty,&nbsp;Sonali R. Gnanenthiran,&nbsp;Katya Numbers,&nbsp;Hueiming Liu,&nbsp;Menglu Ouyang,&nbsp;Paola Incerti,&nbsp;Padraig Kitterick,&nbsp;Mridula Sharma","doi":"10.1111/ajag.70243","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajag.70243","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To determine the potential feasibility and acceptability of combined screening for raised blood pressure (BP), atrial fibrillation (AF) and cognitive impairment (CI) in older adults within a setting of hearing health assessment for detection of hearing loss.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We recruited participants aged 65 years or older (<i>n</i> = 35; mean age 73 ± 6 years, 51% females) from the community to attend a single visit lasting approximately 60–90 min. Prior to a comprehensive hearing assessment, BP was measured with an automatic BP monitor with AF detection, and CI screening was conducted using the patient section of the General Practitioner Assessment of Cognition instrument. A subset of participants (<i>n</i> = 16, 50% females) was interviewed post study to evaluate acceptability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 21 positive screens (six raised BP; two possible AF; 13 hearing loss) and 12 potential positive screens for possible CI were detected in 25 (71%) participants. Eight participants (23%) had more than one newly detected condition. Interviews revealed that combined screening was feasible and acceptable as participants felt it was ‘<i>convenient,</i>’ ‘<i>saves time</i>’ and ‘<i>more efficient</i>.’</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Combined screening for raised BP, AF and CI in older adults within a hearing health assessment setting appears feasible and was generally perceived positively by participants in this pilot study. Further implementation studies should be conducted with process and outcome evaluation embedded to confirm feasibility and acceptability as well as to evaluate cost-effectiveness and health outcomes for combined screening in older adults.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55431,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal on Ageing","volume":"45 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13643817/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149129241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Not All Pain Is Equal: Lower Extremity Pain and Longitudinal Fall Risk in Older Adults","authors":"Jiwon Kim,&nbsp;Dong Hoon Lee,&nbsp;Kyeongtak Song","doi":"10.1111/ajag.70244","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajag.70244","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate the association between pain distribution patterns, particularly lower extremity involvement and multisite pain, and fall risk among older adults in Korea.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This was a secondary analysis of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA). We included participants aged 65 years or older who had experienced no fall during the 2 years prior to baseline. Pain status was assessed at the survey wave preceding a reported fall to capture pre-existing pain. Pain was classified according to its anatomical distribution and cumulative severity. Primary outcome was the incidence of the first fall event during follow-up. Cox proportional hazards models incorporating time-varying pain exposures were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for the first reported fall over up to 16 years of follow-up.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 3199 participants (mean age, 72.52 years) were followed for up to 16 years, during which 445 (14%) experienced a fall. Compared to participants without pain, those with lower extremity pain had significantly higher fall risk (isolated lower extremity: HR = 1.38, 95% CI 1.01–1.90; multisite with lower extremity involvement: HR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.04–1.84). Higher lower extremity composite pain scores were associated with greater risk (HR = 1.47, 95% CI 1.10–1.97). Pain at non-lower extremity sites was not significantly associated with falls.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Self-reported current lower extremity pain was associated with a higher hazard of subsequently reported falls among community-dwelling older adults. Further studies are needed to determine whether pain location improves fall-risk prediction and whether interventions targeting lower extremity pain can reduce falls.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55431,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal on Ageing","volume":"45 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149118972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retiring in a New Age: Life After Paid Work By R. D. Lansbury, and M. Baird, Australia: Routledge Business, 2025. 102 pp. $US55.49 (hardcover); $US17.27 (ebook). ISBN: 978-1-04-111832-9","authors":"Ralph Hampson","doi":"10.1111/ajag.70233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajag.70233","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55431,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal on Ageing","volume":"45 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149145840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on: Association Between Calcium Supplement Use and Cognitive Impairment in Ageing Women: A Longitudinal Analysis","authors":"Cigdem Kucur Yonet,&nbsp;Merve Yilmaz Kars,&nbsp;Orhan Cicek,&nbsp;Zeynep Iclal Turgut,&nbsp;Ilyas Akkar,&nbsp;Deniz Uyar,&nbsp;Muhammet Cemal Kizilarslanoglu","doi":"10.1111/ajag.70238","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajag.70238","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55431,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal on Ageing","volume":"45 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149118961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-Consequence Analysis of a Dementia Specialist Training Program for Home Care Workers: Results From a Stepped-Wedge Cluster-Randomised Controlled Trial","authors":"Yared Belete Belay,&nbsp;Anita Goh,&nbsp;Briony Dow,&nbsp;Christa Dang,&nbsp;Steven Savvas,&nbsp;Frances Batchelor,&nbsp;Lidia Engel","doi":"10.1111/ajag.70239","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajag.70239","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper reports the health economic component of the broader Promoting Independence Through Quality Dementia Care at Home (PITCH). The broader PITCH trial primarily evaluated the effect of dementia training on home care workers' competence in providing dementia care; this analysis evaluated intervention costs and selected secondary client and caregiver outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The PITCH intervention was tested via a multi-site national pragmatic stepped-wedge cluster randomised clinical trial, conducted across three Australian states. A micro-costing approach was used to estimate intervention and resource use costs. Secondary outcomes for clients and caregivers, including quality of life (QoL), caregiver burden and dyadic interaction, were assessed. Means (SDs) described costs and outcomes, with linear and multilevel mixed-effects regression used to estimate crude and adjusted mean differences, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There were no significant improvements in most client and caregiver health, QoL, caregiver burden or dyadic interaction outcomes during the intervention phase, with decreases in proxy-reported Dementia QoL Utility (DEMQOL-U) and client self-reported visual analogue scale (EQ VAS). Improvements in caregiver burden and dyadic interaction were observed but were not statistically significant. Total costs increased from AU$68,925 in the control to AU$133,660 in the intervention phase, with an adjusted mean difference of AU$67,146 (95% CI: AU$16,957 to AU$117,334).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This health economic analysis should be interpreted separately from and alongside, the main PITCH trial findings on the primary outcome of home care workers' competence. Within this secondary analysis, PITCH was associated with higher total costs during the intervention phase and no clear evidence of improvement in the selected secondary client and caregiver outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55431,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal on Ageing","volume":"45 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13635955/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149118931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Barriers and Enablers in ASEAN Long-Term Care Systems: Insights From the 2025 Regional Policy Dialogue and Policy Recommendations for Equitable Active Ageing","authors":"Ruttiya Bhula-or,&nbsp;Chadatan Osatis,&nbsp;Orawan Prasitsiriphon,&nbsp;Man Thi Hue Vo,&nbsp;I-Chun Chen","doi":"10.1111/ajag.70237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajag.70237","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To examine barriers and enablers to equitable long-term care (LTC) across ASEAN-Plus Three (APT) economies and to propose a framework for equitable active ageing, contributing to Sustainable Development Goals 3 and 10.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A qualitative participatory-observation study was conducted during the 2025 Regional Policy Dialogue on Inclusive and Equitable Care Systems. Reflexive thematic analysis, read through a life-course lens, was applied to three deliberation sessions involving 107 stakeholders from policy, academic, civil-society and provider sectors across diverse welfare regimes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Three themes were generated: institutional fragmentation converts earlier disadvantage into unequal access; communities absorb shortfalls in formal care without displacing public responsibility; and equity depends on redistributing voice and coordinating responsibility across levels. Costs fall heaviest on women and on rural and low-income older people.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A critical participatory life-course framework can guide LTC redesign through inclusive governance; national coordination hubs are advanced as an author-generated proposal extending participants' calls for coordination.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55431,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal on Ageing","volume":"45 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149083884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to Comment on: Association Between Calcium Supplement Use and Cognitive Impairment in Ageing Women: A Longitudinal Analysis","authors":"Maylis Rabec,&nbsp;Alexis Bourgeais,&nbsp;Jennifer Gautier,&nbsp;Mathieu Corvaisier,&nbsp;Olivier Brière,&nbsp;Cédric Annweiler","doi":"10.1111/ajag.70241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajag.70241","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55431,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal on Ageing","volume":"45 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149083885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dose–Response Relationship Between Physical Activity and Intrinsic Capacity Decline Among Hospitalised Older Patients","authors":"Wanting Fan,&nbsp;Qiuxia Qian,&nbsp;Lirong Huang,&nbsp;Zhenzhen Zhang,&nbsp;Huanhuan Wang,&nbsp;Tian Gao,&nbsp;Yidan Li,&nbsp;Ailing Yang,&nbsp;Yuxia Ma","doi":"10.1111/ajag.70230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajag.70230","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Intrinsic capacity (IC) serves as the foundation for functional performance in older adults, and its decline exerts a significant negative impact on their overall health status. However, the dose–response relationship between physical activity (PA) and IC decline is unclear. The objective of this study was to examine the dose–response relationship between PA and IC decline in hospitalised older adults.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2024 to July 2025, with hospitalised older patients recruited from three tertiary hospitals in Gansu Province, China. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire, the IC Assessment Scale and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF). Binary logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were used to explore the association between PA and IC decline, adjusting for potential confounders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The final analyses included a total of 534 hospitalised older patients. Using the low PA group as the reference, the moderate PA group was associated with a 66% lower likelihood of IC decline (OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.23–0.50), and the high PA group was associated with a 74% lower likelihood (OR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.14–0.49). In the RCS analysis, a J-shaped nonlinear association was observed between PA levels and IC decline. Subgroup analyses by sex indicated that sex may serve as a potential moderator in the association between PA and IC decline.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study revealed a J-shaped nonlinear association between PA and the likelihood of IC decline, with moderately higher PA levels associated with a lower likelihood of IC decline.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55431,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal on Ageing","volume":"45 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149083883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health and Physical Activity Outcomes in Age-Friendly Cities and Communities: A Systematic Review of Emerging Evidence and a Future Research Agenda.","authors":"Michael Annear, Caitlin Hyde, Tianci Li, Dai Sugimoto","doi":"10.1111/ajag.70219","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajag.70219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The World Health Organization's (WHO) Global Network of Age-Friendly Cities and Communities (AFCCs) promotes the development of urban environments, policies and services that support the health and participation of older adults. This systematic review examined contemporary evidence concerning associations between WHO AFCC conditions and directly measured health and physical activity outcomes among older residents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The registered review adhered to the PRISMA protocol for systematic reviews and meta-analyses and applied the Downs and Black quality criteria for randomised and non-randomised research.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Structured Boolean searches of five research repositories identified 17 peer-reviewed studies published between 2017 and 2025 based upon original research conducted in WHO AFCC signatory cities. Although most studies reported positive associations between age-friendly features and domains, such as accessible transport, walkable environments, outdoor infrastructure and self-rated health or physical activity, the strength of evidence was limited by methodological inconsistency, variable study quality and reliance on self-reports. Barriers to evaluation included limited use of longitudinal or quasi-experimental designs, heterogeneous outcome measures, subjective response data and the challenge of establishing appropriate comparison conditions in complex municipal settings.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Strengthening evaluation frameworks for AFCC initiatives is essential for evidence-based urban health policy and governance in rapidly ageing societies. A research agenda is proposed to strengthen AFCC evaluation through standardised measurement, community-based and mixed-methods research, and a greater commitment to co-designed assessment frameworks.</p>","PeriodicalId":55431,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal on Ageing","volume":"45 3","pages":"e70219"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13495125/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148802226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}