Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics最新文献

{"title":"Examining the Interface Design of Tidyverse","authors":"Emi Tanaka","doi":"10.1111/anzs.70031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/anzs.70031","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The <span>tidyverse</span> is a popular meta-package comprising several core <span>R</span> packages to aid in various data science tasks, including data import, manipulation and visualisation. Although functionalities offered by the <span>tidyverse</span> can generally be replicated using other packages, its widespread adoption in both teaching and practice indicates there are factors contributing to its preference, despite some debate over its usage. This suggests that particular aspects, such as interface design, may play a significant role in its selection. Examining the interface design can potentially reveal aspects that aid the design process for developers. While Tidyverse has been lauded for adopting a user-centred design, arguably some elements of the design focus on the work domain instead of the end user. We examine the Tidyverse interface design via the lens of human–computer interaction, with an emphasis on data visualisation and data wrangling, to identify factors that might serve as a model for developers designing their packages. We recommend that developers adopt an iterative design that is informed by user feedback, analysis and complete coverage of the work domain, and ensure perceptual visibility of system constraints and relationships.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55428,"journal":{"name":"Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146091082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the Interface Design of Tidyverse","authors":"Emi Tanaka","doi":"10.1111/anzs.70031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/anzs.70031","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The <span>tidyverse</span> is a popular meta-package comprising several core <span>R</span> packages to aid in various data science tasks, including data import, manipulation and visualisation. Although functionalities offered by the <span>tidyverse</span> can generally be replicated using other packages, its widespread adoption in both teaching and practice indicates there are factors contributing to its preference, despite some debate over its usage. This suggests that particular aspects, such as interface design, may play a significant role in its selection. Examining the interface design can potentially reveal aspects that aid the design process for developers. While Tidyverse has been lauded for adopting a user-centred design, arguably some elements of the design focus on the work domain instead of the end user. We examine the Tidyverse interface design via the lens of human–computer interaction, with an emphasis on data visualisation and data wrangling, to identify factors that might serve as a model for developers designing their packages. We recommend that developers adopt an iterative design that is informed by user feedback, analysis and complete coverage of the work domain, and ensure perceptual visibility of system constraints and relationships.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55428,"journal":{"name":"Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146091083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of Daily Smoking Prevalence for Disaggregated Statistical Areas in Australia","authors":"Sumonkanti Das,&nbsp;Bernard Baffour,&nbsp;Alice Richardson,&nbsp;Susanna M. Cramb,&nbsp;Stephen John Haslett","doi":"10.1111/anzs.70025","DOIUrl":"10.1111/anzs.70025","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Motivated by the need to estimate prevalence at multiple disaggregated level hierarchies, rather than only one, this study extends widely used area-level models in Bayesian and frequentist framework. We propose adding additional unstructured random effects at higher level disaggregated domains to the traditional models. Using our extension, we find major benefits for unbiasedness and coverage. The penalty in using additional random effects can be slightly higher standard errors (SEs), but if small, this increase is warranted because it can improve coverage of the model-based estimator. The proposed model is robust in the sense that it can better account for unexplained variation at the higher aggregation levels compared to traditional spatial and non-spatial area-level models. When applied to Australian smoking data, the extended model shows the benefit of including both unstructured random effects at the detailed target levels, that is, statistical areas level 3 and 4 (SA3 and SA4), and structured random effects at the more detailed (SA3) level. Using the extended model that has very strong fixed-effect components confirms unbiasedness for the targeted domains at both SA3 and SA4 levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":55428,"journal":{"name":"Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/anzs.70025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146130066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated Residual Plot Assessment With the R Package autovi and the Shiny Application autovi.web","authors":"Weihao Li,&nbsp;Dianne Cook,&nbsp;Emi Tanaka,&nbsp;Susan VanderPlas,&nbsp;Klaus Ackermann","doi":"10.1111/anzs.70027","DOIUrl":"10.1111/anzs.70027","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Visual assessment of residual plots is a common approach for diagnosing linear models, but it relies on manual evaluation, which does not scale well and can lead to inconsistent decisions across analysts. The lineup protocol, which embeds the observed plot among null plots, can reduce subjectivity but requires even more human effort. In today's data-driven world, such tasks are well suited for automation. We present a new <span>R</span> package that uses a computer vision model to automate the evaluation of residual plots. An accompanying <span>Shiny</span> application is provided for ease of use. Given a sample of residuals, the model predicts a visual signal strength (VSS) and offers supporting information to help analysts assess model fit.</p>","PeriodicalId":55428,"journal":{"name":"Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/anzs.70027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146091119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Model-Free Local Partial Correlation","authors":"Li-Shan Huang,&nbsp;Chuo-Ju Yang,&nbsp;Jin-Ting Zhang","doi":"10.1111/anzs.70023","DOIUrl":"10.1111/anzs.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the simple linear regression context, partial correlation measures the linear association between two variables, with the linear effects of a third control variable removed. In this paper, we investigate the local partial correlation using a kernel smoothing approach. We show that for trivariate data with kernel weights assigned by the third control variable, the kernel-weighted product–moment correlation measures the strength of local linearity with the nonparametric effects of the third variable removed, is a nonparametric analogue of the local partial correlation and has connections to varying coefficient models. In addition, in a model-free setting, the local partial correlation is asymptotically the conditional correlation, conditioned on the third variable. The asymptotic properties are derived under three scenarios, namely the model-free setting, nonparametric regression models, and varying coefficient models, and the optimal orders of the bandwidth are provided. Simulated examples confirm the asymptotic theory. An application to mortality data demonstrates the advantages of using the local partial correlation as a unitless measure of local association.</p>","PeriodicalId":55428,"journal":{"name":"Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/anzs.70023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146136338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community Detection and Network Reconstruction With Dependent Connectivity From Rich but Noisy Network Data","authors":"Shuyue Jin,&nbsp;Zhengtao Gui,&nbsp;Jie Hu,&nbsp;Yu Chen","doi":"10.1111/anzs.70026","DOIUrl":"10.1111/anzs.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper introduces a novel framework for network reconstruction and community detection, addressing two key challenges in network data analysis. One is to utilise rich but noisy data: in network analysis, observations between nodes typically contain substantial noise rather than directly reflecting network structure. Our framework effectively extracts useful information from this noisy data. Another is to consider the dependence on intracommunity connections: networks often exhibit group heterogeneity, where intracommunity members are more interconnected than intercommunity members. This paper integrates dependencies among intracommunity-connected edges using Bahadur representations. Using a mixture of two latent conditional distributions shared by nodes with the same community label, this paper offers a flexible and interpretable modelling method that introduces a generalised expectation-maximisation (EM) algorithm for computing approximate maximum likelihood estimates. The proposed approach provides a new network analysis method particularly suited for dealing with noisy data and complex community structures, and outperforms traditional methods in distinguishing similar communities, as validated by numerical simulations and two empirical data studies.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55428,"journal":{"name":"Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146057840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Space-Time Autoregressive Hilbertian Models and Their Application for Wind Speed","authors":"Maryam Hashemi,&nbsp;Atefeh Zamani,&nbsp;Roya Nasirzadeh","doi":"10.1111/anzs.70020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/anzs.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We propose a novel approach for space-time functional data analysis based on a space-time autoregressive Hilbertian model. This model can capture the dynamic and spatial dependence of functional data over time and space. We provide sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of the model and establish its asymptotic properties, such as the strong law of large numbers and the central limit theorem. We also develop a consistent estimator for the model parameters and evaluate its performance through simulations and a real example on wind speed data.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55428,"journal":{"name":"Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics","volume":"67 3","pages":"385-400"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adjusted Maximum Likelihood Method Based on Shrinkage Factor Bias Reduction for Multivariate Fay–Herriot Model","authors":"Annop Angkunsit,&nbsp;Jiraphan Suntornchost","doi":"10.1111/anzs.70021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/anzs.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>One problem encountered in small-area estimation is the zero estimate of the variance component in the Fay–Herriot model. This problem affects the accuracy of the empirical best linear unbiased prediction (EBLUP) estimator. The zero estimate of the variance component causes zero weight of the direct estimates in EBLUPs. Several methods have been investigated to solve this problem by focusing on reducing the bias of the variance component estimator. However, an unbiased estimator of the variance component might not yield an unbiased estimator of the small-area mean. Therefore, Yoshimori and Lahiri [Journal of Multivariate Analysis, <b>124</b>, 281–294 (2014)] proposed a variance component estimation method by reducing the bias of the shrinkage factor of EBLUP for the Fay–Herriot model. In this study, we extend their method to propose two new adjusted likelihood methods based on shrinkage factor bias reduction for the multivariate Fay–Herriot model. Moreover, we perform a simulation study to investigate the performance of the proposed methods comparing them with existing methods such as the residual likelihood method and the adjusted residual likelihood method of Angkunsit and Suntornchost [Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference, <b>219</b>, 231–249 (2022)]. Simulation results show that the two proposed methods perform better than the existing methods. Finally, we apply the proposed methods to the bivariate Fay–Herriot model of the average household income and the average household expenditure in Thailand.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55428,"journal":{"name":"Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics","volume":"67 3","pages":"349-366"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145111044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Normalising Transformation of the Hill Estimator","authors":"Rikako Nomura,&nbsp;Yan Liu","doi":"10.1111/anzs.70016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/anzs.70016","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We present a normalising transformation of the Hill estimator to improve the convergence rate in finite-sample performance. Our proposal for the normalising transformation is based on the higher order asymptotic expansion of the Hill estimator. The transformation is automatic and simple in computation. The resulting transformation theoretically improves the approximation to the standard normal distribution, achieving a lower error rate compared with the variance stabilisation or the Wilson and Hilferty approximation. The numerical results of simulations also align with our theoretical findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":55428,"journal":{"name":"Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics","volume":"67 3","pages":"367-372"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/anzs.70016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clemens William Pratt, 2 July 1936–16 January 2025","authors":"Dennis Trewin","doi":"10.1111/anzs.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/anzs.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Clem Pratt was born in Brisbane in 1936 and died in Melbourne in 2025, aged 88 years. He is survived by his three children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren. He was President of the Statistical Society of Australia (SSA) from 1969 to 1971.</p><p>Clem was educated in Brisbane and was dux of Brisbane High School in 1954. At the age of 18, he enrolled in engineering studies at the University of Queensland, and then pursued postgraduate studies there and at the University of London, being awarded the degrees of BSc (Qld), BEng (Hons) (Qld), MEngSc (Qld) and PhD (London).</p><p>His background was primarily in queueing and congestion theory but also operations research more generally. He studied for his PhD (1961–1963) at Birkbeck College, University of London, under the direction of Professor (later Sir) David Cox; the topic for his dissertation was ‘<i>Congestion Problems In Automatic And Semi-automatic Telephone Exchanges</i>’.</p><p>In the 1960s, as an external part-time lecturer, he taught ‘Statistical Methods for Research Workers’ and ‘Operations Research’ at Melbourne University as part of the third-year Statistics course. I was fortunate to be one of his students and found his lectures inspiring. It was an early experience of the practical use of statistical theory.</p><p>Pratt helped set up the Victorian Branch of the SSA and was an early President of the Branch; it was during his tenure as President that the annual Belz Lecture was established in 1969. There were only three Branches of the SSA at that time (initially NSW, followed by Canberra and then Victoria).</p><p>Pratt had a 38-year career with Telstra (previously the PMG and then Telecom Australia), initially specialising in telephone traffic engineering, and later working in information systems planning and development, network operations, quality management and network planning. During this period, he represented Australia on several international bodies (including the International Telecommunication Union in Geneva and the Economic Commission for Asia &amp; the Far East in Bangkok) and was on the governing body of the International Teletraffic Congresses. He also chaired the Board at the Teletraffic Research Centre at the University of Adelaide in the late 1990s. The Centre, incorporating the Centre for Defence Communications and Information Networks, conducted research and development for both the commercial and defence sectors.</p><p>In retirement, he lived in Melbourne where he enjoyed music, theatre, amateur astronomy and the company of his grandchildren and great-grandchildren. He became non-verbal in the latter years of his life because of a throat surgery but I was fortunate to have several email exchanges with him in late 2023 as part of my research for the SSA History Standing Committee.</p>","PeriodicalId":55428,"journal":{"name":"Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics","volume":"67 2","pages":"339-340"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/anzs.70012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144615478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}