AutomaticaPub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112173
Pedro Trindade, Pedro Batista, Rita Cunha
{"title":"Delay-margin design in consensus for high-order integrator agents","authors":"Pedro Trindade, Pedro Batista, Rita Cunha","doi":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper analyzes the consensus problem for agents modeled with any number of integrators when these are subject to constant time-delays and interact over a directed network. Concretely, it provides convergence criteria that are used to devise a systematic methodology for designing the coupling gains of the consensus protocols. Such design is performed in a way that the multi-agent system attains a prescribed delay-margin (the maximum delay such that consensus is achieved), which can be made arbitrarily large at the cost of reducing the convergence rate. To that end, a modal decomposition is used to split the dynamics into fundamental modes and reduce the consensus problem to a stability problem. Frequency domain tools are then exploited to analyze stability and provide a unified approach to the consensus problem with constant time-delays. Initially, the proposed methodology is applied to design coupling gains for high-order consensus protocols. Then, the analysis focuses on first-, second- and third-order consensus protocols due to their high practical applicability, and explicit bounds on the coupling gains are derived. Finally, the proposed methodology is illustrated with examples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55413,"journal":{"name":"Automatica","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 112173"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143130481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AutomaticaPub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.automatica.2024.112007
Jiaxu Liu , Song Chen
{"title":"Comments on “Distributed optimization of multi-integrator agent systems with mixed neighbor interactions” [Automatica 157 (2023) 111245 ]","authors":"Jiaxu Liu , Song Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.automatica.2024.112007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.automatica.2024.112007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This note aims to identify and rectify the flaws found in the proof of Chen et al. (2023), specifically in Lemma 2, Lemma 3, Theorem 1, and Theorem 2. While the conclusions of Lemma 2, Lemma 3, and Theorem 1 remain valid, certain aspects of their proofs are found to be flawed. This note provides modifications to address these flaws. Additionally, the statement and proof of Theorem 2 are shown to be incorrect. A corrected Theorem 2 with proof is given.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55413,"journal":{"name":"Automatica","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 112007"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143095093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AutomaticaPub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.automatica.2024.112008
Zhao Chen, Xiaohong Nian, Qing Meng
{"title":"Authors’ Reply to ‘Comments on “Distributed optimization of multi-integrator agent systems with mixed neighbor interactions” [Automatica 157 (2023) 111245]’","authors":"Zhao Chen, Xiaohong Nian, Qing Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.automatica.2024.112008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.automatica.2024.112008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55413,"journal":{"name":"Automatica","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 112008"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143095096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AutomaticaPub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112154
Ala’ Alalabi, Kirsten Morris
{"title":"Boundary control and observer design via backstepping for a coupled parabolic–elliptic system","authors":"Ala’ Alalabi, Kirsten Morris","doi":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stabilization of a coupled system consisting of a parabolic partial differential equation and an elliptic partial differential equation is considered. Even in a situation where the parabolic equation is exponentially stable on its own, the coupling between the two equations can cause instability in the overall system. A backstepping approach is used to derive a single boundary control input that stabilizes the coupled system. The result is an explicit expression for the stabilizing control law. The second part of the paper involves the design of exponentially convergent observers to estimate the state of the coupled system, given some partial boundary measurements. The observation error system is shown to be exponentially stable, again using a backstepping method. This leads to the design of observer gains in closed-form. Finally, the output feedback problem is addressed by combining the observers with the state feedback boundary control. The theoretical results are demonstrated with numerical simulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55413,"journal":{"name":"Automatica","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 112154"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143130709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AutomaticaPub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.automatica.2024.112017
Youdao Ma , Zhenhua Wang , Nacim Meslem , Tarek Raïssi
{"title":"Functional interval estimation for continuous-time linear systems with time-invariant uncertainties","authors":"Youdao Ma , Zhenhua Wang , Nacim Meslem , Tarek Raïssi","doi":"10.1016/j.automatica.2024.112017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.automatica.2024.112017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates functional interval estimation for continuous-time linear systems subject to both time-varying and time-invariant uncertainties. Two novel methods are proposed based on peak-to-peak functional observer design and interval analysis. First, we present a splitting-based method that splits the estimation error dynamics into two subsystems to handle the time-invariant disturbances and provide accurate estimation results. Then, to further enhance the estimation accuracy, we present an augmentation-based method that considers the time invariance in both functional observer design and reliable interval estimation. The relationship between a state-of-art method and the proposed methods are analysed theoretically. Finally, simulation results are provided to demonstrate the performances of the proposed methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55413,"journal":{"name":"Automatica","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 112017"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143095095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AutomaticaPub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.automatica.2024.112010
Ali Kashani, Claus Danielson
{"title":"Data-driven invariant set for nonlinear systems with application to command governors","authors":"Ali Kashani, Claus Danielson","doi":"10.1016/j.automatica.2024.112010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.automatica.2024.112010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a novel approach to synthesize positive invariant sets for unmodeled nonlinear systems using direct data-driven techniques. The data-driven invariant sets are used to design a data-driven command governor that selects a command for the closed-loop system to enforce constraints. Using basis functions, we solve a semi-definite program to learn a sum-of-squares Lyapunov-like function whose unity level-set is a constraint admissible positive invariant set, which determines the constraint admissible states and input commands. Leveraging Lipschitz properties of the system, we prove that tightening the model-based design ensures robustness of the invariant set to the inherent plant uncertainty in a data-driven framework. To mitigate the curse-of-dimensionality, we repose the semi-definite program into a linear program. We validate our approach through two examples: First, we present an illustrative example where we can analytically compute the maximum positive invariant set and compare with the presented data-driven invariant set. Second, we present a practical autonomous driving scenario to demonstrate the utility of the presented method for nonlinear systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55413,"journal":{"name":"Automatica","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 112010"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143095092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AutomaticaPub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.automatica.2024.111988
Jin Zhu , Zhi Xie , Geir E. Dullerud
{"title":"Event-triggered stabilization of uncertain switched linear systems under finite feedback bit rate","authors":"Jin Zhu , Zhi Xie , Geir E. Dullerud","doi":"10.1016/j.automatica.2024.111988","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.automatica.2024.111988","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates event-triggered stabilization of uncertain switched linear systems under finite feedback bit rate where the boundary of model uncertainty is unknown. Based on the appropriate boundary estimation, a novel communication and control strategy is given to obtain qualified feedback gains and visible system states in which the event-triggering mechanism is adopted. By utilizing the additional timing information carried by the triggering moments, the proposed event-triggering controller can achieve a lower occupation of average bit rate to ensure exponential convergence of the system state. Simulation results show the effectiveness of our method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55413,"journal":{"name":"Automatica","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 111988"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143095094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AutomaticaPub Date : 2025-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112162
Jinyuan Wei, Jing Zhou, Tongwen Chen
{"title":"Integrity attacks on state estimation with varying data access: From visibility to full restriction","authors":"Jinyuan Wei, Jing Zhou, Tongwen Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper explores optimal integrity attacks with varying data access to innovations transmitted from smart sensors to remote state estimators. The data access refers to attackers’ capability or authorization to eavesdrop on and tamper with raw data packets. Unlike prior studies where the innovations were entirely intercepted and modified by attackers, different restrictions on data access are considered in this work. Within this context, entries of each innovation are separated into two parts: safe data and suspicious data. The first level of data access enables the interception of complete data, while modifications are limited to the suspicious data only. The second level restricts eavesdropping or tampering with the safe data, permitting only the interception and modification of suspicious data. To maintain stealthiness, the integrity attacks must adhere to stringent constraints, ensuring the statistical characteristics of the entire innovations remain unaltered. In this varying setting, optimal attack policies that make full utilization of available information are proposed and the corresponding coefficients are derived explicitly. Moreover, the optimality of proposed strategies is demonstrated rigorously, showing that no existing attack outperforms the proposed ones. Finally, the effectiveness of theoretical results is demonstrated through numerical examples and comparative studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55413,"journal":{"name":"Automatica","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 112162"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143130490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AutomaticaPub Date : 2025-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112175
Bin Zhou, Kai Zhang
{"title":"Stabilization of linear systems with multiple unknown time-varying input delays by linear time-varying feedback","authors":"Bin Zhou, Kai Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112175","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112175","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper addresses the stabilization of linear systems with multiple time-varying input delays. In scenarios where neither the exact delays information nor their bound is known, we propose a class of linear time-varying state feedback controllers by using the solution to a parametric Lyapunov equation (PLE). By leveraging the properties of the solution to the PLE and constructing a time-varying Lyapunov–Krasovskii-like functional, we prove that (the zero solution of) the closed-loop system is asymptotically stable. Furthermore, this result is extended to the observer-based output feedback case. The notable characteristic of these controllers is their utilization of linear time-varying gains. Furthermore, they are designed entirely independent of any knowledge of the time delays, resulting in controllers that are exceedingly easy to implement. Finally, a numerical example demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55413,"journal":{"name":"Automatica","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 112175"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143130487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AutomaticaPub Date : 2025-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112174
Gang Tao
{"title":"Adaptive output tracking control with reference model system uncertainties","authors":"Gang Tao","doi":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper develops new adaptive output tracking control schemes with the reference output signal generated from an unknown reference system whose output derivatives are also unknown. To deal with such reference system uncertainties, an expanded adaptive controller structure is developed to include a parametrized estimator of an equivalent reference input signal. Without using the knowledge of the reference system transfer function and equivalent input, both are the critical components of a traditional model reference adaptive control (MRAC) scheme, the new MRAC schemes, developed for various cases of plant and reference model uncertainties, ensure completely parametrized error equations and globally stable parameter adaptation, leading to the desired closed-loop system stability and asymptotic output tracking properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55413,"journal":{"name":"Automatica","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 112174"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143130491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}