AutomaticaPub Date : 2025-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112119
Liwei An , Can Zhao , Lili Zhang
{"title":"Resilient adaptive backstepping tracking control of nonlinear systems without a priori knowledge of DoS attacks","authors":"Liwei An , Can Zhao , Lili Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper studies the problem of resilient backstepping tracking control with full states suffering from Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks. To avoid repeatedly differentiating the discontinuous state variables caused by the DoS attacks in the backstepping procedure, a group of adaptive high-gain observers are constructed to generate smooth state estimates with necessary differentiability. Compared with the existing results on resilient backstepping control, the proposed scheme can achieve the asymptotic convergence without requiring <em>a priori</em> knowledge of the frequency and duration of DoS attacks. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control schemes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55413,"journal":{"name":"Automatica","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 112119"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143130596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AutomaticaPub Date : 2025-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112116
Songquan Yao , Siyu Xie , Tao Li
{"title":"Online distributed optimization algorithm with dynamic regret analysis under unbalanced graphs","authors":"Songquan Yao , Siyu Xie , Tao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We consider online distributed convex optimization problems with a sum of locally dynamic loss functions under unbalanced graphs. When optimizing the dynamic local loss function, every node tracks the time-varying global optimal solution by communicating with neighboring nodes via communication networks in a cooperative way. We propose a novel online distributed Push–Pull algorithm and present that the proposed online optimization algorithm can track the dynamic optimal solution with proper step sizes. We analyze the dynamic regret of the proposed algorithm in two cases where the global loss function is strongly convex and smooth, or is convex, smooth and Lipschitz. Our results illustrate that the dynamic regret of the proposed online optimization algorithm can be sublinear, if the path length and the gradient variance are sublinear. At last, we demonstrate the property of the online distributed optimization algorithm by two simulation examples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55413,"journal":{"name":"Automatica","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 112116"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143130889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AutomaticaPub Date : 2025-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.automatica.2024.112028
Dantong Chu , Kenneth Tsz Hin Ng , Sheung Chi Phillip Yam , Harry Zheng
{"title":"Mean field analysis of two-party governance: Competition versus cooperation among leaders","authors":"Dantong Chu , Kenneth Tsz Hin Ng , Sheung Chi Phillip Yam , Harry Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.automatica.2024.112028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.automatica.2024.112028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article studies linear–quadratic Stackelberg games between two dominating players (or equivalently, leaders) and a large group of followers, each of whom interacts under a mean field game (MFG) framework. Unlike the conventional major-minor player game, the mean field term herein is endogenously affected by the two leaders simultaneously. These homogeneous followers are non-cooperative, whereas the two leaders can either compete or cooperate with each other, which are respectively formulated as a Nash and a Pareto game. The complete solutions of the leader-follower game can be expressed in terms of the solutions of some non-symmetric Riccati equations. Notably, our analysis suggests that both modes of interactions between leaders has their own merits and neither of them is always more favorable to the community of followers. In our knowledge, a comparative study of the effect of different modes of governance on the society is relatively rare in the existing literature, we here provide its first preliminary quantitative analysis; under a broad class of practically relevant models, we provide sufficient conditions to decide whether cooperation or competition between leaders is more favorable to the followers. Being in common with modern folklore, the relative merits of the two Stackelberg games depend on whether the interests between the two leaders and the followers align among themselves. Representative numerical examples are also supplemented.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55413,"journal":{"name":"Automatica","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 112028"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AutomaticaPub Date : 2025-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112124
Yu Shen, Yongqiang Guan, Shiyang Xu, Zhiwu Li
{"title":"Herdability of switching signed networks","authors":"Yu Shen, Yongqiang Guan, Shiyang Xu, Zhiwu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the herdability of switching signed networks, in which the interaction topologies are undirected, weighted, and switching. First, the basic theory of herdable switching networks is presented, including a necessary and sufficient condition for herdability. Subsequently, some necessary and/or sufficient conditions are derived from the union graph perspective. Moreover, switching generalized equitable partition, defined in this paper, is developed to characterize the controllable subspace of networks, from which sufficient conditions for herdability are established. It is demonstrated that the switching quotient graph can be exploited to infer the herdability of the original switching graph. Furthermore, focusing on simultaneously structurally balanced networks, a switching walk sequence is leveraged to provide a leader selection method to ensure the herdability of the networks. Finally, several examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55413,"journal":{"name":"Automatica","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 112124"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143130894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AutomaticaPub Date : 2025-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112120
Hongchenyu Yang , Chen Peng , Zhiru Cao , Xian-Ming Zhang
{"title":"A novel semantic-based multi-packet parallel transmission scheme for networked control systems","authors":"Hongchenyu Yang , Chen Peng , Zhiru Cao , Xian-Ming Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes a novel semantic-based multi-packet parallel transmission (MPPT) scheme for networked control systems (NCSs), aimed at addressing the challenge of limited network bandwidth in accommodating the growing data traffic demands in MPPT. Following the principle of ‘analyzing before transmission’, the core of the proposed semantic-based MPPT is ‘semantic extraction <span><math><mo>→</mo></math></span> semantic transmission <span><math><mo>→</mo></math></span> semantic recovery’. Firstly, semantic information of raw data is extracted in the form of natural language descriptions. Considering the ‘cultural clash’ between these descriptions and bitstream-based system components, fuzzy mathematical theories and methods are introduced to facilitate the mutual conversion between natural and computer languages. With the establishment of data semantic feature library, natural language descriptions are further converted into digitized semantic representations for network transmission. Subsequently, the semantic recovery module receives these digitized semantic representations and generates reconstructed data based on shared knowledge, which are then used as inputs for the controller. Furthermore, the concept of semantic errors is introduced to systematically model the inherent discrepancies between raw and reconstructed data. Through the skillful controller design, the asymptotic stability of the studied system is guaranteed in the presence of semantic errors while satisfying the <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>∞</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> performance constraint. Additionally, a parameter optimization algorithm is provided to configure semantically-related parameters, thereby optimizing semantic reconstruction effect. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated in a six-area power system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55413,"journal":{"name":"Automatica","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 112120"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143130893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AutomaticaPub Date : 2025-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.automatica.2024.112101
Xiaoyang Sun, Ping Zhou
{"title":"Event-triggered PDF shape control of non-Gaussian stochastic system","authors":"Xiaoyang Sun, Ping Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.automatica.2024.112101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.automatica.2024.112101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For a class of non-Gaussian stochastic system with measurable probability density function (PDF) of output, an event-triggered PDF shape control algorithm is proposed to solve network congestion and calculation pressure caused by high frequency transmission of PDF data. The square root B-Spline model is used to learn the relationship between the output PDF and the control input of the stochastic system, and under the event-triggered mechanism, the output PDF tracking problem is transformed into a weight vector dynamic tracking control problem with time delay and constraints. Then, the level of model uncertainty and external disturbance is described by <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> performance index, then the stability and robustness of the proposed control algorithm is analyzed. To reduce the calculation pressure and facilitate the performance analysis of the closed-loop control system, the Pseudo-PID controller is adopted. Finally, the problem of solving the controller and trigger parameter is transformed into the LMI convex optimization under the framework of stochastic system analysis and synthesis, which avoids the reduction of the control effect caused by the two-coupling parameter. The performance of the proposed method is theoretically analyzed and also verified by numerical simulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55413,"journal":{"name":"Automatica","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 112101"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143155007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AutomaticaPub Date : 2025-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112126
Wenying Xu , Zidong Wang , Shaofu Yang , Wenwu Yu
{"title":"Data-driven adaptive consensus for linear multi-agent systems: A scalable distributed protocol","authors":"Wenying Xu , Zidong Wang , Shaofu Yang , Wenwu Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112126","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112126","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper is concerned with the noiseless and noisy data-driven consensus problem of general linear multi-agent systems (MASs) with unknown agent dynamics. First, a data-driven adaptive scheme is designed to enable each edge to tune its weight in an on-line fashion. Subsequently, a distributed noiseless data-driven adaptive consensus (DDAC) protocol is established for the MASs so as to ensure guaranteed consensus. In this protocol, agents communicate with their neighbors through an undirected and connected graph. Importantly, this protocol is proven to be independent of both system model knowledge and be scalable with respect to the size of communication network. Moreover, to address the scenario of a directed communication graph, a modified node-based adaptive scheme, which relies solely on data, is introduced, along with a refined DDAC protocol. The conditions for achieving consensus are derived as semi-definite programs, and the corresponding feasibility is analyzed. Furthermore, the paper considers a noisy data scenario and tackles the consensus problem with a noisy data by employing a refined adaptive scheme and establishing a distributed noisy DDAC protocol. Compared to existing consensus protocols, our DDAC protocol offers high flexibility and scalability by eliminating the need for a system model and global network information. Finally, three examples are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed DDAC protocols.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55413,"journal":{"name":"Automatica","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 112126"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143130890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AutomaticaPub Date : 2025-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112114
Run-Ze Chen , Xiang-Gui Guo , Qing Li , Jian-Liang Wang , Lei Guo
{"title":"Disturbance-observer-based model-free adaptive active fault-tolerant consensus control for MASs with TVDAF","authors":"Run-Ze Chen , Xiang-Gui Guo , Qing Li , Jian-Liang Wang , Lei Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the problem of consensus control for multi-agent systems (MASs) with both actuator faults and external disturbances. Firstly, a disturbance-observer-based model-free adaptive consensus control scheme is presented for the fault-free case. Interestingly, based on the fault-free control scheme, a novel fault detection mechanism with an adjustable time-varying threshold is developed to detect actuator faults and trigger alarms, which avoids false alarms due to the large changes in the desired output. Next, by using the fault detection mechanism and the radial basis function neural network (RBFNN), two disturbance-observer-based model-free adaptive active fault-tolerant control (AFTC) schemes are respectively proposed, one each for the cases of known time-varying-direction actuator faults (KTVDAF) and unknown time-varying-direction actuator faults (UTVDAF). It is worth mentioning that an improved Nussbaum function that has better freedom of frequency adjustment is developed to deal with the issue of UTVDAF. Furthermore, by introducing the disturbance separation method, the effect of external disturbances on the fault detection results is avoided, and the control accuracy and fault tolerance ability are improved. Finally, the feasibility of the developed control schemes is confirmed through rigorous math proofs and computer simulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55413,"journal":{"name":"Automatica","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 112114"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AutomaticaPub Date : 2025-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.automatica.2024.112089
Yaguang Yang
{"title":"Corrigendum to “An efficient LQR design for discrete-time linear periodic system based on a novel lifting method” [Automatica 87 (2018) 383–388]","authors":"Yaguang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.automatica.2024.112089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.automatica.2024.112089","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55413,"journal":{"name":"Automatica","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 112089"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143155005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AutomaticaPub Date : 2025-01-15DOI: 10.1016/j.automatica.2024.112096
Mattia Mattioni , Pablo Borja
{"title":"Digital passivity-based control of underactuated mechanical systems","authors":"Mattia Mattioni , Pablo Borja","doi":"10.1016/j.automatica.2024.112096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.automatica.2024.112096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Most sensors and controllers are discrete-time devices, which may have a detrimental impact on the performance of continuous-time control laws, even leading to unstable behaviors. This paper proposes a sampled-data passivity-based control approach that solves the regulation problem for discrete-time underactuated mechanical systems. Moreover, in contrast to other discrete-time controllers for these systems, the proposed control design method does not require the solution of partial differential equations. To illustrate the approach, we consider three case studies with computational details and simulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55413,"journal":{"name":"Automatica","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 112096"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}