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On the existence and neural network representation of separable control Lyapunov functions 可分控制李雅普诺夫函数的存在性及其神经网络表示
IF 5.9 2区 计算机科学
Automatica Pub Date : 2025-08-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112517
Mario Sperl, Jonas Mysliwitz, Lars Grüne
{"title":"On the existence and neural network representation of separable control Lyapunov functions","authors":"Mario Sperl,&nbsp;Jonas Mysliwitz,&nbsp;Lars Grüne","doi":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112517","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112517","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we investigate the ability of neural networks to mitigate the curse of dimensionality in representing control Lyapunov functions. To achieve this, we first prove an error bound for the approximation of separable functions with neural networks. Subsequently, we discuss conditions on the existence of separable control Lyapunov functions, drawing upon tools from nonlinear control theory. This enables us to bridge the gap between neural networks and the approximation of control Lyapunov functions. Moreover, we present a network architecture and a training algorithm to illustrate the theoretical findings on a 10-dimensional control system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55413,"journal":{"name":"Automatica","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 112517"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144902554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Differentially private dual gradient tracking for distributed resource allocation 分布式资源分配的差分私有对偶梯度跟踪
IF 5.9 2区 计算机科学
Automatica Pub Date : 2025-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112521
Wei Huo , Xiaomeng Chen , Lingying Huang , Karl Henrik Johansson , Ling Shi
{"title":"Differentially private dual gradient tracking for distributed resource allocation","authors":"Wei Huo ,&nbsp;Xiaomeng Chen ,&nbsp;Lingying Huang ,&nbsp;Karl Henrik Johansson ,&nbsp;Ling Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112521","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112521","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates privacy issues in distributed resource allocation over directed networks, where each agent holds a private cost function and optimizes its decision subject to a global coupling constraint through local interaction with other agents. Conventional methods for resource allocation over directed networks require all agents to transmit their original data to neighbors, which poses the risk of disclosing sensitive and private information. To address this issue, we propose an algorithm called differentially private dual gradient tracking (DP-DGT) for distributed resource allocation, which obfuscates the exchanged messages using independent Laplacian noise. Our algorithm ensures that the agents’ decisions converge to a neighborhood of the optimal solution almost surely. Furthermore, without the assumption of bounded gradients, we prove that the cumulative differential privacy loss under the proposed algorithm is finite even when the number of iterations goes to infinity. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to simultaneously achieve these two goals in distributed resource allocation problems over directed networks. Finally, numerical simulations on economic dispatch problems within the IEEE 14-bus system illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55413,"journal":{"name":"Automatica","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 112521"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144896006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Convergence analysis of gradient flow for overparameterized LQR formulations 过参数化LQR公式梯度流的收敛性分析
IF 5.9 2区 计算机科学
Automatica Pub Date : 2025-08-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112504
Arthur Castello B. de Oliveira , Milad Siami , Eduardo D. Sontag
{"title":"Convergence analysis of gradient flow for overparameterized LQR formulations","authors":"Arthur Castello B. de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Milad Siami ,&nbsp;Eduardo D. Sontag","doi":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112504","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112504","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper analyzes the intersection between results from gradient methods for the model-free linear quadratic regulator (LQR) problem, and linear feedforward neural networks (LFFNNs). More specifically, it looks into the case where one wants to find an LFFNN feedback that minimizes an LQR cost. It starts by deriving a key conservation law of the system, which is then leveraged to generalize existing results on boundedness and global convergence of solutions, and invariance of the set of stabilizing LFFNNs under the training dynamics (gradient flow). For the single hidden layer LFFNN, the paper proves that the solution converges to the optimal feedback control law for all but a set of Lebesgue measure zero of the initializations. These results are followed by an analysis of a simple version of the problem – the “vector case” – proving the theoretical properties of accelerated convergence and a type of input-to-state stability (ISS) result for this simpler example. Finally, the paper presents numerical evidence of faster convergence of the gradient flow of general LFFNNs when compared to non-overparameterized formulations, showing that the acceleration of the solution is observable even when the gradient is not explicitly computed, but estimated from evaluations of the cost function.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55413,"journal":{"name":"Automatica","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 112504"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144893836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Partially cooperative robust distributed model predictive control for tracking 跟踪的部分协作鲁棒分布式模型预测控制
IF 5.9 2区 计算机科学
Automatica Pub Date : 2025-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112547
Ana Sánchez-Amores , Antonio Ferramosca , José M. Maestre , Eduardo F. Camacho
{"title":"Partially cooperative robust distributed model predictive control for tracking","authors":"Ana Sánchez-Amores ,&nbsp;Antonio Ferramosca ,&nbsp;José M. Maestre ,&nbsp;Eduardo F. Camacho","doi":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work investigates a partially-cooperative coalitional control setting for input-coupled multi-agent linear systems to robustly track changing setpoints. Within this framework, agents have the flexibility to share a public portion of their input, ceding control authority to neighbors, while keeping the rest private. Instead of coordinating the predicted control inputs, the bounds that define the public and private input constraint sets are negotiated in a distributed manner when the need arises, significantly reducing communicated data within the cooperation network. Coupling disturbances are considered through a tube-based approach, which steers the system to the desired target points while guaranteeing recursive feasibility and stability through tracking techniques. Finally, the approach is validated through simulations on an eight-input coupled tank benchmark.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55413,"journal":{"name":"Automatica","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 112547"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144889012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Observer-based detection and isolation of permanent sensor faults in a class of uncertain switched affine systems 一类不确定切换仿射系统中传感器永久故障的观测器检测与隔离
IF 5.9 2区 计算机科学
Automatica Pub Date : 2025-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112526
Diego dos Santos Carneiro , Flávio Andrade Faria , Vilma Alves de Oliveira , Michele Cucuzzella , Antonella Ferrara
{"title":"Observer-based detection and isolation of permanent sensor faults in a class of uncertain switched affine systems","authors":"Diego dos Santos Carneiro ,&nbsp;Flávio Andrade Faria ,&nbsp;Vilma Alves de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Michele Cucuzzella ,&nbsp;Antonella Ferrara","doi":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112526","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112526","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper develops a robust fault detection and isolation (FDI) strategy for a class of uncertain continuous-time switched affine systems when the system state is not fully available for measurement, and all system sensors are prone to permanent abrupt bounded faults. The FDI strategy is obtained by designing a number of FDI devices equal to the number of sensors. First, we give linear matrix inequalities conditions to design a bank of full-state Luenberger observers in a pseudo-dedicated scheme with guaranteed <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msub></math></span> and <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>∞</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> performances to work as residual error generators (REGs). In the sequence, considering an extension of the concepts of weak and strong detectability and novel concepts of weak and strong isolation, residual evaluation functions are defined, and threshold functions are designed considering the gains and parameters obtained in the REG design, taking into consideration the smallest fault magnitude to be detected to achieve a mixed <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msub><mo>/</mo><msub><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>∞</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> performance. An Algorithm to determine a piecewise constant threshold function is proposed to obtain less conservative constraints in the optimization problem. Furthermore, parameter-tuning algorithms are proposed to obtain local optima thresholds and REGs to satisfy weak isolation conditions over a range of uncertainties. Finally, a Cuk DC–DC converter is considered to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55413,"journal":{"name":"Automatica","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 112526"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144888924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Lifting-based PWA control: A global solution to handle disturbances in the state space partitions 基于提升的PWA控制:处理状态空间分区中干扰的全局解决方案
IF 5.9 2区 计算机科学
Automatica Pub Date : 2025-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112529
Songlin Yang, Sorin Olaru, Pedro Rodriguez-Ayerbe
{"title":"Lifting-based PWA control: A global solution to handle disturbances in the state space partitions","authors":"Songlin Yang,&nbsp;Sorin Olaru,&nbsp;Pedro Rodriguez-Ayerbe","doi":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112529","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112529","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a global strategy to address the robustness and fragility of Piecewise Affine (PWA) control, which arises from geometrical perturbations in state-space partitions. Existing methods, which handle perturbations using vertex-based or halfspace-based region representations, are limited to local adjustments of vertices or hyperplanes. In contrast, this paper introduces a novel convex lifting-based region representation that accounts for all subregions of the PWA control perturbation simultaneously. An optimization-based approach is then proposed to enhance the robustness or fragility of the nominal PWA control by refining the lifting-based representation. A numerical example illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed framework.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55413,"journal":{"name":"Automatica","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 112529"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144889011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Adaptive prescribed-time control for nonlinear cascade systems with FxT-ISS inverse dynamics 具有FxT-ISS逆动力学的非线性串级系统的自适应规定时间控制
IF 5.9 2区 计算机科学
Automatica Pub Date : 2025-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112527
Jiangbo Yu , Chengdong Li , Zhengtao Ding , Yuqiang Wu
{"title":"Adaptive prescribed-time control for nonlinear cascade systems with FxT-ISS inverse dynamics","authors":"Jiangbo Yu ,&nbsp;Chengdong Li ,&nbsp;Zhengtao Ding ,&nbsp;Yuqiang Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112527","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112527","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper we consider the adaptive prescribed-time control problem for nonlinear cascade systems with unmeasured inverse dynamics and nonlinearly parametric uncertainty. Thanks to the notions of fixed-time input-to-state stability/stable (FxT-ISS) and FxT-ISS Lyapunov functions to characterize the system of inverse dynamics, we present a two-stage prescribed-time control scheme, which ensures that the system states reach the origin and keep afterwards within the prescribed-time instant. Different from the adaptive prescribed-time control schemes in literatures, we develop a novel theoretical tool to determine the prescribed-time stability via time-varying partial-state feedback in this paper. The proposed control scheme is illustrated by means of the prescribed-time set-point tracking control in a pendulum system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55413,"journal":{"name":"Automatica","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 112527"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144889013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Design of asymmetric Lyapunov functions for global stability in dynamic surface control 动态曲面控制全局稳定性的非对称Lyapunov函数设计
IF 5.9 2区 计算机科学
Automatica Pub Date : 2025-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112544
Bing Mao , Ziye Fan , Xiaoqun Wu , Jinhu Lü
{"title":"Design of asymmetric Lyapunov functions for global stability in dynamic surface control","authors":"Bing Mao ,&nbsp;Ziye Fan ,&nbsp;Xiaoqun Wu ,&nbsp;Jinhu Lü","doi":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the problem of semi-global stability and bounded convergence in dynamic surface control, a class of asymmetric Lyapunov functions is proposed. These asymmetric functions possess nonzero derivatives, enabling the complete elimination of the surface error introduced by dynamic surface control, thus achieving global stability and exact tracking. The control designs for strict-feedback systems without and with uncertainties are investigated, demonstrating the robustness of the method and the scheme under parameter estimation. Numerical simulations and comparisons with the standard and advanced dynamic surface controllers are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55413,"journal":{"name":"Automatica","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 112544"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144889014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Input-power-to-state stability of time-varying systems 时变系统的输入功率-状态稳定性
IF 5.9 2区 计算机科学
Automatica Pub Date : 2025-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112552
Hernan Haimovich , Shenyu Liu , Antonio Russo , Jose L. Mancilla-Aguilar
{"title":"Input-power-to-state stability of time-varying systems","authors":"Hernan Haimovich ,&nbsp;Shenyu Liu ,&nbsp;Antonio Russo ,&nbsp;Jose L. Mancilla-Aguilar","doi":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112552","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112552","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When the state of a system may remain bounded even if both the input amplitude and energy are unbounded, then the state bounds given by the standard input-to-state stability (ISS) and integral-ISS (iISS) properties may provide no useful information. This paper considers an ISS-related concept suitable in such a case: input-power-to-state stability (IPSS). Necessary and sufficient conditions for IPSS are developed for time-varying systems under very mild assumptions on the dynamics. More precisely, it is shown that (a) the existence of a dissipation-form ISS-Lyapunov function implies IPSS, but not necessarily that of an implication-form one, (b) iISS with exponential class-<span><math><mi>KL</mi></math></span> function implies IPSS, and (c) ISS and stronger assumptions on the dynamics imply the existence of a dissipation-form ISS-Lyapunov function and hence IPSS. The latter result is based on a converse Lyapunov theorem for time-varying systems whose dynamics (i.e. state derivative) is not necessarily continuous with respect to time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55413,"journal":{"name":"Automatica","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 112552"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144889015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Consensus control for two-time-scale multi-agent systems under DoS attacks: An asynchronous sampling framework DoS攻击下双时间尺度多智能体系统的一致性控制:一个异步采样框架
IF 5.9 2区 计算机科学
Automatica Pub Date : 2025-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112535
Ying Zhang , Lei Ma , Linna Zhou , Chunyu Yang , Yang Shi
{"title":"Consensus control for two-time-scale multi-agent systems under DoS attacks: An asynchronous sampling framework","authors":"Ying Zhang ,&nbsp;Lei Ma ,&nbsp;Linna Zhou ,&nbsp;Chunyu Yang ,&nbsp;Yang Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112535","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112535","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper is concerned with the consensus issue for a class of two-time-scale multi-agent systems (TTSMASs) subject to DoS attacks. To address the challenging issue of different sampling rates of involved agents, a novel consensus framework based on asynchronous sampling, as the first attempt, is constructed for TTSMASs. In this setting, a DoS attack valid impact interval is established, based on which a new resilient consensus protocol is designed to counteract DoS attacks. By constructing a special <span><math><mi>ɛ</mi></math></span>-dependent Lyapunov function, consensus criteria are derived that guarantee the consensus of TTSMASs under DoS attacks, in which the link between the sampling interval and the allowable attack intensity is revealed. Furthermore, the obtained results are free from ill-conditioned numerical issues caused by two-time-scale characteristics and can also be generalized to single-time-scale MASs. Finally, a demonstrative simulation example is provided.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55413,"journal":{"name":"Automatica","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 112535"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144888938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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