AutomaticaPub Date : 2024-09-27DOI: 10.1016/j.automatica.2024.111923
Francisco J. Vargas , Marco A. Gordon , Andrés A. Peters , Alejandro I. Maass
{"title":"On stochastic string stability with applications to platooning over additive noise channels","authors":"Francisco J. Vargas , Marco A. Gordon , Andrés A. Peters , Alejandro I. Maass","doi":"10.1016/j.automatica.2024.111923","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.automatica.2024.111923","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper addresses the string stabilization of vehicular platooning when stochastic phenomena are inherent in inter-vehicle communication. To achieve this, we first provide two definitions to analytically assess the string stability in stochastic scenarios, considering the mean and variance of tracking errors as the platoon size grows. Subsequently, we analytically derive necessary and sufficient conditions to achieve this notion of string stability in predecessor-following linear platoons that communicate through additive white noise channels. We conclude that the condition ensuring string stability with ideal communication is essentially the same that achieves stochastic string stability when additive noise channels are in place and guarantees that the tracking error means and variances converge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55413,"journal":{"name":"Automatica","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 111923"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142324022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AutomaticaPub Date : 2024-09-27DOI: 10.1016/j.automatica.2024.111925
Dong Wang, Jiaxun Liu, Jie Lian, Wei Wang
{"title":"Gradient-tracking-based distributed Nesterov accelerated algorithms for multiple cluster games over time-varying unbalanced digraphs","authors":"Dong Wang, Jiaxun Liu, Jie Lian, Wei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.automatica.2024.111925","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.automatica.2024.111925","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper studies the design of accelerated distributed algorithms for seeking the Nash Equilibrium (NE) of multiple cluster games over time-varying unbalanced digraphs, where players in the same cluster cooperatively minimize the summation of the local cost function and do not concern the interest of other clusters. In this game, the players have limited access to others’ decisions, while they can communicate with others over the inter-cluster and intra-cluster topologies. Accelerated distributed algorithms are proposed based on the decision estimation, Nesterov acceleration, and pseudo gradient estimation to seek the NE of multiple cluster games. We prove that the proposed algorithm linearly converges to the NE using the multistep contraction and linear systems of inequalities. Moreover, three variants of the proposed algorithm are also given for dealing with cases where only partial communication topologies are time-varying and gossip-type. Lastly, the effectiveness of proposed algorithms and the acceleration effect are verified by solving the intrusion–interception confrontation problem of Unmanned Vehicle (UV) swarms in simulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55413,"journal":{"name":"Automatica","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 111925"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142324023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AutomaticaPub Date : 2024-09-27DOI: 10.1016/j.automatica.2024.111931
Xiang Xu , Bin Li
{"title":"Semi-global stabilization of parabolic PDE–ODE systems with input saturation","authors":"Xiang Xu , Bin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.automatica.2024.111931","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.automatica.2024.111931","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper addresses the semi-global stabilization problem of parabolic PDE–ODE systems with input saturation. Two low-gain controllers are proposed for two types of systems. It is shown that the proposed controllers can solve the semi-global stabilization problem of the concerned parabolic PDE–ODE systems with input saturation. Distributed-diffusion, counter-convection and Robin boundary condition are simultaneously considered. Moreover, the controllability of PDE–ODE systems with input saturation is discussed. It is shown that semi-global stabilization is impossible if the open-loop ODE system is exponentially unstable, which is another distinctive contribution of this work. Two illustrative examples are given to show the effectiveness of our proposed low-gain controllers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55413,"journal":{"name":"Automatica","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 111931"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142328328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AutomaticaPub Date : 2024-09-27DOI: 10.1016/j.automatica.2024.111928
Shenyu Liu , Aneel Tanwani
{"title":"Impulsive switching signals with functional inequalities: Stability analysis using hybrid systems framework","authors":"Shenyu Liu , Aneel Tanwani","doi":"10.1016/j.automatica.2024.111928","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.automatica.2024.111928","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we introduce a class of impulsive switching signals described via functional inequalities which govern the switching among different modes with state resets. By choosing the parameters of the inequalities appropriately, we can recover several known classes of switching signals and also allow for signals that depend on time, mode or state of the system. Signals from this class can also be generated online via the use of an auxiliary timer while the dynamical system is running. Via a multiple Lyapunov functions approach, we provide sufficient conditions on the functional parameters of the switching signal which ensure that the equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable (GAS) for autonomous impulsive switched system. In case of inputs, similar methodology is used to provide sufficient conditions for input-to-state stability (ISS) and integral-input-to-state stability (iISS) uniformly over the proposed class of impulsive switching signals. As case studies, we consider switched systems which <em>do not</em> satisfy ISS (respectively, iISS) property for switching signals with arbitrarily large dwell-times but they are shown to be ISS (resp. iISS) for our proposed class of impulsive switchings signals described via functional inequalities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55413,"journal":{"name":"Automatica","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 111928"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142328028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AutomaticaPub Date : 2024-09-25DOI: 10.1016/j.automatica.2024.111937
Sebin Gracy , Philip E. Paré , Ji Liu , Henrik Sandberg , Carolyn L. Beck , Karl Henrik Johansson , Tamer Başar
{"title":"Modeling and analysis of a coupled SIS bi-virus model","authors":"Sebin Gracy , Philip E. Paré , Ji Liu , Henrik Sandberg , Carolyn L. Beck , Karl Henrik Johansson , Tamer Başar","doi":"10.1016/j.automatica.2024.111937","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.automatica.2024.111937","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper deals with the setting where two viruses (say virus 1 and virus 2) coexist in a population, and they are not necessarily mutually exclusive, in the sense that infection due to one virus does not preclude the possibility of simultaneous infection due to the other. We develop a coupled bi-virus susceptible–infected–susceptible (SIS) model from a <span><math><msup><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></msup></math></span>-state Markov process, where <span><math><mi>n</mi></math></span> is the number of agents (i.e., individuals or subpopulation) in the population. We identify a sufficient condition for both viruses to eventually die out, and a sufficient condition for the existence, uniqueness and asymptotic stability of the endemic equilibrium of each virus. We establish a sufficient condition and multiple necessary conditions for local exponential convergence to the boundary equilibrium (i.e., one virus persists, the other one dies out) of each virus. Under mild assumptions on the healing rate, we show that there cannot exist a coexisting equilibrium where for each node there is a nonzero fraction infected only by virus 1; a nonzero fraction infected only by virus 2; but no fraction that is infected by both viruses 1 and 2. Likewise, assuming that healing rates are strictly positive, a coexisting equilibrium where for each node there is a nonzero fraction infected by both viruses 1 and 2, but no fraction is infected only by virus 1 (resp. virus 2) does not exist. Further, we provide a necessary condition for the existence of certain other kinds of coexisting equilibria. We show that, unlike the competitive bivirus model, the coupled bivirus model is not monotone. Finally, we illustrate our theoretical findings using an extensive set of simulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55413,"journal":{"name":"Automatica","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 111937"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142319382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AutomaticaPub Date : 2024-09-25DOI: 10.1016/j.automatica.2024.111934
Cristobal Ponce , Hector Ramirez , Yann Le Gorrec
{"title":"Reduced-order energy shaping control of large-scale linear port-Hamiltonian systems","authors":"Cristobal Ponce , Hector Ramirez , Yann Le Gorrec","doi":"10.1016/j.automatica.2024.111934","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.automatica.2024.111934","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper is concerned with reduced-order control design for a class of high dimensional linear port-Hamiltonian systems stemming from the modeling of large-scale systems networks or from the discretization of distributed parameter systems. A class of dynamic controllers synthesized from low-dimensional and reduced-order models of the system are proposed. First, the controller structure and the criteria for asymptotic stability are established for a controller based on the full-order model. Then, using structural invariants, two design methods are proposed and compared: one based on a low-dimensional model of the system and the other on a reduced-order model based on modal truncation. With applications in shape control in mind, the system’s equilibrium points are parametrized using the controller parameters. It allows to establish an optimal criterion to minimize the norm of the error between the intended and achievable closed-loop equilibrium configurations. An asymptotic stability margin in terms of the full and low/reduced order models stiffness matrices is provided and related with the closed-loop transient performances. Mindlin plate with specific inputs is used to show how dynamic shape control can be achieved using the proposed approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55413,"journal":{"name":"Automatica","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 111934"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142319383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AutomaticaPub Date : 2024-09-25DOI: 10.1016/j.automatica.2024.111935
Xiaozhen Zhang , Qingkai Yang , Fan Xiao , Hao Fang , Jie Chen
{"title":"Linear formation control of multi-agent systems","authors":"Xiaozhen Zhang , Qingkai Yang , Fan Xiao , Hao Fang , Jie Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.automatica.2024.111935","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.automatica.2024.111935","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes a new distributed leader–follower control architecture, termed linear formation control, to realize formation variations. The objective is to navigate a group of agents to reach a specific target formation, which is a linear transformation of the pre-defined nominal configuration, whose dimension can be higher than agents’ coordinates. The proposed architecture enables the formation to adjust through arbitrary linear transformations to accommodate the environment, offering a diverse range of feasible formations. First, we introduce the concept of “linear localizability” that leaders can uniquely determine the target formation. Then, using the pre-defined stress matrix, we propose a linear formation control method, which can be regarded as an extension of recent affine formation control approaches. Next, in the situation where the stress matrix is unavailable, distributed estimators are designed to obtain accurate linear formation parameters. We propose an estimation-driven linear formation control method using the graph Laplacian matrix. Finally, simulations are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed linear formation control schemes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55413,"journal":{"name":"Automatica","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 111935"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142319381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AutomaticaPub Date : 2024-09-23DOI: 10.1016/j.automatica.2024.111939
Kaixiang Zhang , Zhaojian Li , Yongqiang Wang , Nan Li
{"title":"Privacy-preserving nonlinear cloud-based model predictive control via affine masking","authors":"Kaixiang Zhang , Zhaojian Li , Yongqiang Wang , Nan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.automatica.2024.111939","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.automatica.2024.111939","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the advent of 5G technology that presents enhanced communication reliability and ultra-low latency, there is renewed interest in employing cloud computing to perform high performance but computationally expensive control schemes like nonlinear model predictive control (MPC). Such a cloud-based control scheme, however, requires data sharing between the plant (agent) and the cloud, which raises privacy concerns. This is because privacy-sensitive information such as system states and control inputs has to be sent to/from the cloud and thus can be leaked to attackers for various malicious activities. In this paper, we develop a simple yet effective affine masking strategy for privacy-preserving nonlinear MPC. Specifically, we consider external eavesdroppers or honest-but-curious cloud servers that wiretap the communication channel and intend to infer the plant’s information including state information and control inputs. An affine transformation-based privacy-preservation mechanism is designed to mask the true states and control signals while reformulating the original MPC problem into a different but equivalent form. We show that the proposed privacy scheme does not affect the MPC performance and it preserves the privacy of the plant such that the eavesdropper is unable to identify the actual value or even estimate a rough range of the private state and input signals. The proposed method is further extended to achieve privacy preservation in cloud-based output-feedback MPC. Simulations are performed to demonstrate the efficacy of the developed approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55413,"journal":{"name":"Automatica","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 111939"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005109824004333/pdfft?md5=84e1c2afaefd4d14ab609e6faa1f5a7f&pid=1-s2.0-S0005109824004333-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142312273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AutomaticaPub Date : 2024-09-23DOI: 10.1016/j.automatica.2024.111933
Huifang Min , Shang Shi , Jason Gu , Na Duan
{"title":"Further results on fixed-time control for nonlinear systems with asymmetric output constraints","authors":"Huifang Min , Shang Shi , Jason Gu , Na Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.automatica.2024.111933","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.automatica.2024.111933","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper concerns the fixed-time control with an arbitrarily prescribed upper bound of settling-time (UBST) for nonlinear systems with asymmetric output constraints. We introduce a novel time-varying gain function that effectively addresses the issue of infinite-gain, which has been a challenge in related research. By utilizing this gain function, we present two theorems that employ the Lyapunov function for constrained nonlinear systems. These theorems serve as guidelines for constructing controllers without violation of constraints. In addition, a novel barrier Lyapunov function (BLF) is exploited which is equivalent to the classical one for nonlinear systems without constraints. By using the proposed theorems, BLF and fixed-time backstepping design procedure, a state-feedback controller is constructed and analyzed for output-constrained nonlinear systems. It is proved that the designed controller can render the closed-loop system converges to the origin within a fixed settling time while maintaining at the origin thereafter, the controller is uniformly bounded and the output constraints are not violated. Finally, simulations and comparisons are provided to verify the proposed control schemes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55413,"journal":{"name":"Automatica","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 111933"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005109824004278/pdfft?md5=865255b5af5e705c2cca0a9f80a48a54&pid=1-s2.0-S0005109824004278-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142312272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AutomaticaPub Date : 2024-09-21DOI: 10.1016/j.automatica.2024.111922
Anne-Men Huijzer, Arjan van der Schaft, Bart Besselink
{"title":"Modelling of memristor networks and the effective memristor","authors":"Anne-Men Huijzer, Arjan van der Schaft, Bart Besselink","doi":"10.1016/j.automatica.2024.111922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.automatica.2024.111922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents a mathematical framework for the modelling and analysis of networks of memristors, where we describe a memristor as a monotone relation between electric charge and magnetic flux. Using this framework, we show that the port behaviour of networks of monotone memristors can equivalently be described by a single monotone memristor, the so-called effective memristor. The behaviour of the effective memristor is influenced by the monotonicity properties of the single memristors and the structure of the network of memristors. An algorithm is provided to derive an explicit characterisation of the effective memristor of any network of memristors. In addition, explicit bounds on the effective memristance curve are derived in terms of the effective resistance of associated resistor networks. Finally, an explicit description of the port behaviour of series and parallel interconnections is derived and simulation examples are provided for two simple circuits.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55413,"journal":{"name":"Automatica","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 111922"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005109824004163/pdfft?md5=5954be949d5faa6ab8a4d214958bffed&pid=1-s2.0-S0005109824004163-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142271128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}