Experimental Techniques最新文献

{"title":"On the Cover: Test Setup for Investigating the Impact Behavior of Biaxially Prestressed Composite Laminates","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s40799-024-00741-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40799-024-00741-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":553,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Techniques","volume":"48 5","pages":"759 - 759"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142222294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on Cavitation Corrosion Resistance of Supersonic Flame Spraying WC-10Co4Cr Coating on Aero-Engine Fuel Pump","authors":"Q. Ding, Y. Li, H. Yu, Y. Cui, F. Xiao","doi":"10.1007/s40799-024-00737-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40799-024-00737-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>ZL101 cast aluminum alloy was the main material of the aircraft engine fuel pump, and it was damaged by cavitation. In order to mitigate the cavitation-induced damage of the aero-engine fuel pump, we investigated the protection ability of WC-10Co4Cr (tungsten carbide alloy powder) coating prepared on the surface through supersonic flame spraying technology. The quality of the coating was evaluated from five aspects, and cavitation experiments were conducted with an ultrasonic vibration device. The results of the study showed that the WC-10Co4Cr coating prepared with a spraying distance of 360 mm, powder feed rate of 80 g/min, gun moving speed of 800 mm/s, and chamber pressure of 6.8 MPa had the highest microhardness value of 1059.5 HV0.3 and the lowest porosity of 1.09%, and it indicated the optimal coating quality. Although the coating surface still exhibited cracks and cavitation voids under cavitation, the extent of cracking and voids was significantly improved compared to the untreated control group.The cumulative volume loss of the coating after 480 min of cavitation was 4.84 mm³, accounting for 25.1% of the volume loss in the untreated control group. Under the same cavitation duration, the volume loss rate of the coating was consistently lower than that of the cast aluminum alloy. This study demonstrated that supersonic flame spraying WC-10Co4Cr coating on the surface of the fuel pump could reduce the rate of cavitation-induced damage, proper coating selection could enhance the material’s resistance to cavitation and provide more options for cavitation protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":553,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Techniques","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142222275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Hydro-Pneumatic Interconnected Suspension Integrating Pipe-Connected Magnetorheological Valve Designed Based on Magnetic Gradient Pinch Mode—Experimental Study and Modelling","authors":"D. Lin, F. Yang, R. Li, W. Zhang, D. Gong","doi":"10.1007/s40799-024-00739-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40799-024-00739-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recently, passive Hydro-pneumatic Interconnected Suspension (HIS) has been utilized in commercial vehicles due to its outstanding handling performance. However, it cannot satisfy the working requirement over the whole working frequency range due to the fixed damping property. In order to provide the continuously tunable damping and satisfy the large flow rate requirement of HIS device, a novel HIS integrating pipe-connected Magnetorheological valve (MGPMR valve) designed based on Magnetic Gradient Pinch Mode, is proposed in this study. The designed MGPMR valve is suitable for the large flow rate working condition of HIS system together with the stackable property through series connection of number of MGPMR valves to achieve the required damping properties. Based on the designed experimental, it has been shown that the designed pipe-connected single MGPMR valve can reach 735% tunable range of the damping property under 1.234×10^–4 m³/s sinusoidal flow rate signal. The dynamic property of the novel HIS is described by the established model considering the ideal gas law with Energy Equation, fluid inertial and laminar flow between the connection pipes, and piston frictions, together with pressure drop property of MGPMR valve described by the hyperbolic tangent hysteresis model, and the validity of the dynamic model is verified by the laboratory test. Finally, based on a roll-plane vehicle simulation model, the effect of the tunable damping property for the novel HIS is evaluated based on the frequency domain analysis and responses under the road transient and lateral acceleration excitations. The results show that compared with the traditional HIS (without MGPMR valve), the vertical/roll vibration isolating properties and anti-roll performance of the vehicle model can be improved through modifying the applied current of pipe-connected MGPMR valves, which provides the application potential to achieve continuously tunable damping in the semi-active HIS design.</p>","PeriodicalId":553,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Techniques","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142222276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated Method for Pre-Straining of Steels for Bake Hardenability Testing","authors":"A. Agha","doi":"10.1007/s40799-024-00735-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40799-024-00735-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The bake hardening effect in steel, characterized by a boost in yield strength resulting from initial deformation and subsequent heat treatment, holds significant promise for the automotive sector. Bake hardening is characterized by the Bake Hardening Index (BHI), as outlined in the test standards EN 10325:2006 and JIS G 3135:2018. The suggested test procedure involves pre-straining the dogbone samples and subjecting them to thermal cycling. However, the current standards lack specificity regarding the pre-straining procedure and the estimation of elastic recovery in metals, leading to inconsistencies in results across different materials and laboratories. This study addresses this gap by proposing a standardized and fully automated method utilizing in-situ strain measurements to precisely pre-strain uniaxial tension samples to any desired level of plastic strain. This method offers precise control over strains and accurate estimation of strain overcompensation, which accounts for elastic recovery during unloading. In this paper, the proposed method is validated using optical strains using digital image correlation, however the proposed method is independent of the choice of strain measurement method and works with clip-on extensometers, optical extensometers and even the crosshead transducers in the load frame. The foundation and effectiveness of the proposed method are demonstrated through statistical data obtained from testing 11 different steel grades, including bake hardenable steels and Advanced High Strength Steels commonly used in the automotive industry. The proposed method is independent of the choice of steel grade and consistently delivers satisfactory results for all tested steel grades, producing test samples with plastic strains that adhere to the specifications of the testing standards.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":553,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Techniques","volume":"49 1","pages":"181 - 186"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141927923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extraction of the Descriptive Function of a Folding Wing With Free-Play Using the Modal Test Results to Be Used in the Nonlinear Motion Equation of the Structure","authors":"M. Ghadimi,&nbsp;R. Azarafza,&nbsp;A. Davar,&nbsp;J.E. Jam","doi":"10.1007/s40799-024-00734-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40799-024-00734-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Structures can exhibit non-linear behavior due to the presence of free-play. To analyze this behavior, different numerical and analytical methods like the substructure synthesis method or the harmonic balance method are used. To determine the effect of non-linarites caused by free-play, descriptive functions must be identified. The restoring force approach is frequently used in systems where mass and stiffness matrices are known, such as finite element models. Another approach involves frequency response functions obtained through vibration tests.</p><p>This article discusses the second approach, which involves extracting the free-play function using frequency response functions obtained from tests. The tests include a modal test with random excitation to determine the frequency response functions for the linear mode of the modes with low excitation amplitude. Additionally, sinusoidal excitation is used with increasing amplitude for the frequency response functions in the nonlinear state of the modes. The laboratory method used to determine the nonlinear modes involves increasing the amplitude of sinusoidal stimulation in the frequency range of each resonance. This article presents a practical method for analyzing the dynamic behavior of structures related to the folding wing of a flying system. Using simple techniques and vibration test results, it deals with extracting the free-play function of the structure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":553,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Techniques","volume":"49 1","pages":"137 - 149"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141938914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vertical Projectile Launcher for Study of Rapid Penetration into Soil Targets","authors":"L. Giacomo,&nbsp;D. Grace,&nbsp;M. Omidvar,&nbsp;S. Bless,&nbsp;M. Iskander","doi":"10.1007/s40799-024-00732-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40799-024-00732-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The majority of ballistic experiments in granular media in the literature involve horizontally launching projectiles. Notwithstanding the significant scientific findings resulting from these studies, the depth-dependence of geostatic stresses is not captured in a horizontal configuration. The design and performance of a vertical ballistic range is described herein. The range is capable of launching projectiles at impact speeds of up to 900 m/s into soil targets. A pluviator is employed to prepare sand targets with precise and highly repeatable bulk densities. Use of a photon Doppler velocimeter (PDV) and other instrumentation to track projectile velocity both in-flight and during penetration into the soil target are elucidated. A relationship is found between the muzzle velocity and chamber pressure. Launcher performance is quantified by comparing measured muzzle velocities with theoretical velocities calculated from isentropic expansion of gas behind the projectile in the launcher barrel. It is found that the launcher efficiency is in the range of 70 to 90%, with efficiency increasing for heavier projectiles. The PDV instrumentation developed for the range successfully resolves projectile velocities in flight and during penetration into the soil target.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":553,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Techniques","volume":"48 6","pages":"1077 - 1092"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141773383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Approach to Measure the Chip Formation Temperature Using the Implanted Thermocouple Method","authors":"C. P. P. Silva,&nbsp;T. C. C. Oliveira,&nbsp;R. G. Lisboa,&nbsp;M. B. Da Silva,&nbsp;A. M. Abrão,&nbsp;R. H. L. da Silva,&nbsp;I. C. Pereira","doi":"10.1007/s40799-024-00736-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40799-024-00736-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Simultaneous measurement of the temperature in different regions during machining operations presents many limitations. Currently, only orthogonal cutting using a infrared camera allows the simultaneous measurement of temperature in different regions. Additionally, temperature measurement in certain regions is a challenge, for instance, in the chip/tool interface and inside the chip. The application of advanced sensors and the adaptation of well-established techniques in regions of difficult access, such as the chip-tool interface and the chip itself, have been the subject of research to allow the better understanding of the heat generation and temperature evolution during machining operations. This work investigates the application of the inserted thermocouple method to measure the temperature inside the chip during its formation, together with the tool-workpiece thermocouple method to compare the effect of the cutting parameters on both the chip-tool interface and chip temperature. Orthogonal cutting of AISI 1020 steel was performed using cemented tungsten carbide bits. The findings indicated that both methods were able to assess the influence of the investigated parameters and that temperature presented the same behavior, in spite of the differences in absolute values (higher temperatures were recorded using the tool-workpiece thermocouple). Temperature increased with cutting speed, decreased with the elevation of the undeformed chip thickness and was not affected by width of cut. The highest temperature (668 °C) was observed at the tool-workpiece interface using a cutting speed of 120 m/min, undeformed chip thickness of 0.1 mm and width of cut of 1.5 mm.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":553,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Techniques","volume":"48 6","pages":"1093 - 1100"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141773385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coefficient of Friction Between Pant Fabrics and Seat Covers: An In-Vivo Experimental Study","authors":"A. Lamsal,&nbsp;T. R. Bush","doi":"10.1007/s40799-024-00733-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40799-024-00733-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Shear force at the seat interface has been known to increase the risk of pressure injury (PI) formation in wheelchair users. Understanding the frictional interaction between pant fabric and seat cover fabric in the presence of deformable material (human tissue and seat cushion) is essential to select optimal fabrics to reduce shear force and decrease PI risk. The objective of this work was to evaluate the coefficients of friction between five pant fabrics and two seat covers using human subjects and a novel experimental setup. This experimental set up created a system where participants were able to slide across a seat pan. Shear forces required to pull the participants as well as the normal force on the seat pan were collected for twelve participants. The coefficient of friction was calculated using the force balance from these experimental data sets. The coefficient of friction was higher with the vinyl seat cover common on wheelchairs (0.503–0.572) compared to the office seat cover (0.336–0.448) with all pant fabrics. Furthermore, with the office cover, a substantial drop was observed in the coefficient of friction after sliding, which differed from the vinyl seat cover. This study developed a methodology to study friction behavior at the human-seat interface and quantified coefficients of friction between pant fabrics and two common types of seat covers. It provides a method by which realistic situational shear forces can be studied, as they are a risk factor for PI formation in wheelchair users.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":553,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Techniques","volume":"48 6","pages":"1065 - 1075"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141610137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: A Technique for In-Situ Displacement and Strain Measurement with Laboratory-Scale X-Ray Computed Tomography","authors":"O. L. Kafka,&nbsp;A. K. Landauer,&nbsp;J. T. Benzing,&nbsp;N. H. Moser,&nbsp;E. Mansfield,&nbsp;E. J. Garboczi","doi":"10.1007/s40799-024-00725-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40799-024-00725-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":553,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Techniques","volume":"48 5","pages":"935 - 935"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40799-024-00725-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142411137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Loading Conditions Effects on Fatigue Life of Notched Rods Using Four-Point Bending Test","authors":"H. Chouikhi,&nbsp;M. Mahdi,&nbsp;M. Saber","doi":"10.1007/s40799-024-00726-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40799-024-00726-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Shaft design assumes that the end supports of the shaft are simply supported that is not entirely correct. This article investigates the effects of simply supported ends and fixed-fixed supported ends on the bending moment developed in shafts. The bending moments and hence bending stress are life limiting parameters of shafts. Moreover, the effects of transverse loading inclination, loading spacing, and loading variation on the bending moment developed in shafts are studied. Analytical, numerical, and experimental approaches were adopted. Notched steel rods were used in fatigue experiments. The fatigue lives of those rods were measured and recorded. The bending moment applied to the rod specimen was calculated and compared to those obtained from the analytical and numerical approaches. The studies revealed that the simply supported end conditions will result in a shaft diameter that is 88% larger. However, the fixed-fixed end condition will result in a shaft diameter that is 67% smaller. The average bending moments of the simply supported and the fixed-fixed end conditions will result in the most accurate shaft diameter. Moreover, the maximum bending moment occurred when the load inclination angle θ = 0.0. It also increased with increasing the load ratio P₁/P₂ and the load spacing ratio <i>l</i>₁/L, where P₁, P₂, <i>l</i>₁, and L are respectively the left-hand load, the right-hand load, the position of P₁ from the left-hand support, and the total length of the shaft.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":553,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Techniques","volume":"48 6","pages":"1039 - 1052"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141519119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}