{"title":"Evolution and plasticity of physiological traits in the collembolan Orchesella villosa at fine spatial scales within the city","authors":"Eric G Prileson, Ryan A Martin","doi":"10.1093/biolinnean/blae038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blae038","url":null,"abstract":"Divergent natural selection caused by spatial environmental variation can lead to local adaptation and evolutionary divergence between populations, even those within close proximity to one another. This, however, is only one possibility among other outcomes, such as the evolution of adaptive phenotypic plasticity or local maladaptation. Cities, as fragmented landscapes with high environmental variability across microgeographic scales, present an excellent venue to explore these possible outcomes. Here, we use common garden experiments to explore the potential for microgeographic divergence of physiological traits among populations of a collembolan, Orchesella villosa, living within the footprint of a single city. We assessed if intra-urban variation in the intensity of the heat island effect and soil salinity has led to evolutionary divergence in heat tolerance and salinity tolerance, respectively. While we found little variation in salinity tolerance among populations, there was evidence for both plasticity and evolutionary divergence among populations in response to variation in the urban heat island. Although the adaptive nature of these specific responses is not known, we suggest that cities, and human modified habitats in general, promote evolutionary divergence at small spatial scales by creating barriers to dispersal and imposing divergent selective environments within previously contiguous habitats.","PeriodicalId":55373,"journal":{"name":"Biological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140324372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dylan W Maag, Yannick Z Francioli, Todd A Castoe, Gordon W Schuett, Rulon W Clark
{"title":"The spatial ecology of Mojave rattlesnakes (Crotalus scutulatus), prairie rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis), and their hybrids in southwestern New Mexico","authors":"Dylan W Maag, Yannick Z Francioli, Todd A Castoe, Gordon W Schuett, Rulon W Clark","doi":"10.1093/biolinnean/blae037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blae037","url":null,"abstract":"Hybridization between species provides unique opportunities to understand evolutionary processes that are linked to reproductive isolation and, ultimately, speciation. However, the extrinsic factors that limit hybridization are poorly understood for most animal systems. Although the spatial ecology of individuals in natural habitats is fundamental to shaping reproductive success and survival, analyses of the spatial ecology of hybrids and their parental groups are rarely reported. Here, we used radiotelemetry to monitor wild rattlesnakes across an interspecific hybrid zone (Crotalus scutulatus and Crotalus viridis) and measured movement parameters and space use (utilization distributions) of individuals to evaluate the hypothesis that hybridization resulted in transgressive or atypical movement patterns. Unexpectedly, of the spatial metrics we investigated, we found that hybrids were very similar to parental individuals. Nonetheless, hybrids did show increased patchiness of core utilization distributions, but this result is likely to be driven by increased habitat patchiness in the hybrid zone. Overall, we did not find evidence for overt extrinsic barriers to hybridization associated with spatial ecology; thus, we suggest that the close evolutionary history between the two parental species and their ecological and behavioural similarities are likely to increase the probability of hybridization events in this unique region of New Mexico.","PeriodicalId":55373,"journal":{"name":"Biological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140314912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samira Brito Mendes, Fabiano Stefanello, Cleison Luís da Silva Costa, Amanda Cristiny da Silva Lima, Ana Priscila Medeiros Olímpio, Walna Micaelle de Morais Pires, Elmary da Costa Fraga, Maria Claudene Barros
{"title":"Morphological and molecular data combined reveal inter- and intraspecific cranial shape variations in bats of Artibeus Leach, 1821 (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)","authors":"Samira Brito Mendes, Fabiano Stefanello, Cleison Luís da Silva Costa, Amanda Cristiny da Silva Lima, Ana Priscila Medeiros Olímpio, Walna Micaelle de Morais Pires, Elmary da Costa Fraga, Maria Claudene Barros","doi":"10.1093/biolinnean/blae031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blae031","url":null,"abstract":"Since morphological traits may overlap among species within a complex, the integration of morphological and mitochondrial data could provide crucial insights for distinguishing species, as observed in fruit-eating bats of the genus Artibeus. Therefore, the application of geometric morphometric (GM) techniques could yield more refined and robust analyses of inter- and intraspecific variations. In this study, we generated two datasets: one with molecular delimitation data based on the barcode region (COI) and the other with cranial size and shape data using GM methods. Our aims were to investigate variations between large and small species within the genus Artibeus, as well as to explore potential factors influencing such variations. The results from species delimitation revealed molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) supporting the morphological identification. Analyses using GM techniques demonstrated significant inter- and intraspecific variations in cranial size and shape among Artibeus species. The combined outcomes suggest the absence of a significant phylogenetic signal influencing skull variation. This scenario indicates that potential historical ecological factors may have directly influenced the cranial morphology of these species, acting as significant selection forces in geographical space and generating intraspecific variations in Artibeus planirostris.","PeriodicalId":55373,"journal":{"name":"Biological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"142 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140200953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Omar Domínguez-Castanedo, Andrew W Thompson, Robert W Meredith, Andrew I Furness
{"title":"An independent origin of an annual life cycle in a North American killifish species","authors":"Omar Domínguez-Castanedo, Andrew W Thompson, Robert W Meredith, Andrew I Furness","doi":"10.1093/biolinnean/blae029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blae029","url":null,"abstract":"An annual life cycle is characterized by short-lived adults that exploit seasonally productive but temporary habitats, paired with a hardy embryo stage that survives unfavourable environmental conditions, such as winter or the dry season. This life cycle is rare amongst vertebrates but has evolved independently several times in African and South American killifishes adapted to life in seasonally ephemeral aquatic pools. A single species of North American annual killifish, with a limited geographical distribution in Mexico, also exhibits this seasonal life cycle. This enigmatic species, Millerichthys robustus, is geographically separated from the nearest South American annual killifish species by >2000 km. Millerichthys robustus exhibits morphological features that have led to several competing phylogenetic hypotheses. To date, its phylogenetic relationships are unclear because no molecular data have been available. Here, we sequence the mitochondrial genome of Millerichthys robustus and generate a molecular phylogeny of killifishes that includes this species. Our results indicate that, rather than being most closely related to South American annual killifishes, this species is sister to two non-annual killifish species from Cuba (Rivulus cylindraceus and Rivulus berovidesi). Ancestral state reconstruction strongly supports an independent origin of an annual life cycle and embryonic diapause in Millerichthys robustus.","PeriodicalId":55373,"journal":{"name":"Biological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140200932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cranium morphology prevalence among digging habits in Thomomys species","authors":"Sergio Ticul Álvarez-Castañeda, Alina Gabriela Monroy-Gamboa","doi":"10.1093/biolinnean/blae033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blae033","url":null,"abstract":"Species of the Thomomys subgenera of pocket gophers dig tunnels differentially; Thomomys are mainly claw-diggers while Megascapheus are tooth-diggers. Specific skull analyses could help in differentiating species in the bottae–umbrinus complex. This study revealed that Megascapheus shows similarity in cranium morphometry but that rostrum shape should show modifications associated with tooth-digging habits. We analysed cranium variation between Megascapheus species to identify interspecific variation. The variation in cranial morphometry within and between eight Megascapheus species was quantified through a two-dimensional geometric morphometry analysis based on 19 dorsal and 19 lateral reference points of 1172 specimens from different localities. Sample shape diversity and discrimination were analysed using principal component analysis (PCA) and canonical variable analysis (CVA). Sexual dimorphism tests were performed on cranium shape and size. A Student’s t-test was performed to explore differences between groups previously evaluated by CVA. PCA revealed considerable overlap across species in terms of view and sexes, with significant differences in Procrustes distances (shape) and centroid distances (size). The analyses showed that species in the subgenus Megascapheus have two main cranium morphotypes associated with the ecosystem that they inhabit. The analyses contribute to confirm the species level for T. fulvus and T. nigricans.","PeriodicalId":55373,"journal":{"name":"Biological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140205589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Clarisa Marek Ortiz, Juan J Martínez, Ricardo Sahade, M Carla de Aranzamendi
{"title":"Stability of parallel evolution in shell traits between the littoral and sublittoral ecotypes of the Antarctic limpet Nacella concinna along a 17-year time series","authors":"Clarisa Marek Ortiz, Juan J Martínez, Ricardo Sahade, M Carla de Aranzamendi","doi":"10.1093/biolinnean/blae027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blae027","url":null,"abstract":"Ecotypes constitute valuable markers for understanding the phenotypic responses influenced by evolutionary forces and environmental variations. Assessing the role of these processes in establishing and maintaining ecotype divergence is essential for anticipating evolutionary responses to future climate shifts. We studied the evolutionary dynamics of phenotypic population structure between Nacella concinna ecotypes through a morphometric and temporal analysis (2004–2021) in Antarctica. This approach enables the assessment of contemporary evolutionary dynamics in the presence of biotic and abiotic factors, facilitating the inference of interactions between the acting forces. Using generalized Procrustes analysis, ecotypes were successfully discriminated by their lateral shell traits consistently persisting over the analysed period. Multivariate linear and univariate mixed models revealed a significant temporal effect on shell phenotypic variation, surpassing the effect of inter-ecotype differences. However, according to phenotypic trajectory analysis, this temporal effect did not alter the direction of the phenotypic trajectory of ecotype shell shape, which evolved in parallel during the time series. Despite the environmental variation, the evidence of parallel evolution might indicate the incidence of natural selection in ecotype divergence rather than relying solely on phenotypic plasticity. This work enhances our understanding of ecotype temporal changes and microevolution, underscoring the importance of long-term phenotypic monitoring.","PeriodicalId":55373,"journal":{"name":"Biological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140201336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nestling size and ornamentation interact to shape early development in house sparrow families","authors":"Shana E Border, Matthew B Dugas","doi":"10.1093/biolinnean/blad147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blad147","url":null,"abstract":"In many nuclear families, dependent offspring receive unequal shares of parental investment. Initial overproduction can be adaptive from the perspective of parents, but parents must be able to identify appropriate candidates for favourite status. We studied early nestling development in house sparrows (Passer domesticus), a species in which the loss of some brood members is common, testing the prediction that body mass and carotenoid-rich flange colours are important to nestling success. There was substantial variation in both traits within broods, even only 1 day after hatching. Nestlings low in the within-brood mass hierarchy gained more mass if they displayed more carotenoid-rich flanges than broodmates. Position in the colour hierarchy did not, however, predict mass gain for individuals that were heavier than their broodmates. Nestlings that were heavier or had more carotenoid-rich mouths were also less likely to be the victim of brood reduction. Our results suggest that house sparrow parents use both nestling body size and mouth colour when making allocation decisions. Understanding both how and when offspring traits and parental preferences function is key to understanding how selective pressures act on offspring–parent communication.","PeriodicalId":55373,"journal":{"name":"Biological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140201161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The macroevolution of sexual size dimorphism in birds","authors":"Fernanda S Caron, Marcio R Pie","doi":"10.1093/biolinnean/blad168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blad168","url":null,"abstract":"There is considerable variation of sexual size dimorphism (SSD) in body mass among animal groups, yet the drivers of interspecific variation in SSD are still poorly understood. Possible mechanisms have been suggested, including sexual selection, selection for fecundity in females, niche divergence between sexes, and allometry, yet their relative importance is still poorly understood. Here, we tested predictions of these four hypotheses in different avian groups using a large-scale dataset on SSD of body mass for 4761 species. Specifically, we estimated the probability of transition between male- and female-biased SSD, tested for differences in evolutionary rates of body mass evolution for males and females, and assessed the potential ecological and spatial correlates of SSD. Our results were consistent with the sexual selection, fecundity, and niche divergence hypotheses, but their support varied considerably among avian orders. In addition, we found little evidence that the direction of SSD affected the evolution of male or female body mass, and no relationship was detected between SSD and environmental predictors (i.e. temperature and precipitation seasonality, productivity, species richness, and absolute latitude). These results suggest that avian evolution of SSD is likely to be multifactorial, with sexual selection, fecundity, and niche divergence playing important roles in different avian orders.","PeriodicalId":55373,"journal":{"name":"Biological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140201034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Phylogenomics and biogeography of the feather lice (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) of parrots","authors":"Kevin P Johnson, Jorge Doña","doi":"10.1093/biolinnean/blae034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blae034","url":null,"abstract":"Avian feather lice (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) have undergone morphological diversification into ecomorphs based on how they escape host preening defences. Parrot lice are one prominent example of this phenomenon, with wing, body, or head louse ecomorphs occurring on various groups of parrots. Currently defined genera of parrot lice typically correspond to this ecomorphological variation. Here we explore the phylogenetic relationships among parrot feather lice by sequencing whole genomes and assembling a target set of 2395 nuclear protein coding genes. Phylogenetic trees based on concatenated and coalescent analyses of these data reveal highly supported trees with strong agreement between methods of analysis. These trees reveal that parrot feather lice fall into two separate clades that form a grade with respect to the Brueelia-complex. All parrot louse genera sampled by more than one species were recovered as monophyletic. The evolutionary relationships among these lice showed evidence of strong biogeographic signal, which may also be related to the relationships among their hosts.","PeriodicalId":55373,"journal":{"name":"Biological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140125095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gita R Kolluru, Yasmine J Akky, Alana Weissman, Hilary Poore, Dana Weiner, Ryan L Earley
{"title":"Cross-context behavioural correlations and signals of aggression in females of a livebearing fish","authors":"Gita R Kolluru, Yasmine J Akky, Alana Weissman, Hilary Poore, Dana Weiner, Ryan L Earley","doi":"10.1093/biolinnean/blae006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blae006","url":null,"abstract":"Behaviours can be adaptively correlated with each other and with other aspects of phenotype. We investigated behaviour across foraging, mating, and risk contexts in females of the poeciliid fish, Girardinus metallicus. We quantified relationships between these behaviours and aggression signals, body size, and reproductive output. Behaviours describing aggression and boldness, some of which were repeatable, were correlated in females. Aggression was signalled by the darkening of a black spot on the extended dorsal fin or by fin flaring. Spot darkening occurred during intra- and intersexual interactions and was positively correlated with interfemale aggression and negatively correlated with the time females spent following males, suggesting that it is an honest indicator of motivational state. In contrast, fin flaring was directed only at females and occurred more frequently in the foraging context. Larger females had fewer offspring and received fewer courtship displays, possibly because they were more aggressive to males. In contrast to studies of males, we found a negative relationship between rank order of boldness and aggression, consistent with either a trade-off or with selection favouring the negative relationship. Our results highlight the importance of studying females in model systems to uncover novel patterns and potentially meaningful departures from what is typically seen in males.","PeriodicalId":55373,"journal":{"name":"Biological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140045475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}