{"title":"Acute fasting modulates autonomic nervous system function and ambulatory cardiac interoception","authors":"Andreas R. Schwerdtfeger, Christian Rominger","doi":"10.1016/j.biopsycho.2024.108760","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biopsycho.2024.108760","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Intermittent fasting has been associated with diverse physical and psychological health benefits. According to previous research, fasting-induced alterations in psychophysiological functioning should facilitate the accurate detection of an internal bodily signal (like the heart), which is referred to as interoceptive accuracy. In two within-subjects studies we aimed to examine whether an intermittent fasting protocol (i) evokes distinct autonomic nervous system changes in the laboratory and (ii) improves (objectifiable) interoceptive accuracy and sensibility (i.e., the subjective belief in perceiving bodily signals) in everyday life. Study 1 (N = 36) found increasing heart rate variability (precisely, the root mean square of successive differences; RMSSD) accompanied by a more vascular than myocardial response following a 16 h fast. Study 2 (N = 40) applied an ecological momentary assessment design including intermittent fasting (8 h normal eating followed by 16 h fasting) and normal eating (24 h normal eating) for three consecutive days each. Findings suggested a tendency toward higher interoceptive accuracy and sensibility during the fasting regimen, which was particularly pronounced in individuals exhibiting lower RMSSD. Together, findings suggest that (short-term) fasting seems to facilitate momentary attention to organismic cues due to alterations in autonomic nervous system function.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55372,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030105112400019X/pdfft?md5=a8d8830487caef501d8b301b680efe4e&pid=1-s2.0-S030105112400019X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139708549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), vagal tone and biobehavioral integration: Beyond parasympathetic function","authors":"Paul Grossman","doi":"10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108739","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108739","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Linchpin to the entire area of psychophysiological research and discussion of the vagus is the respiratory and cardiovascular phenomenon known as respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA; often synonymous with high-frequency heart-rate variability when it is specifically linked to respiratory frequency), i.e. rhythmic fluctuations in heart rate synchronized to inspiration and expiration. This article aims 1) to clarify concepts, terms and measures commonly employed during the last half century in the scientific literature, which relate vagal function to psychological processes and general aspects of health; and 2) to expand upon an earlier theoretical model, emphasizing the importance of RSA well beyond the current focus upon parasympathetic mechanisms. A close examination of RSA and its relations to the vagus may 1) dispel certain commonly held beliefs about associations between psychological functioning, RSA and the parasympathetic nervous system (for which the vagus nerve plays a major role), and 2) offer fresh perspectives about the likely functions and adaptive significance of RSA, as well as RSA’s relationship to vagal control. RSA is neither an invariably reliable index of cardiac vagal tone nor of central vagal outflow to the heart. The model here presented posits that RSA represents an evolutionarily entrenched, cardiovascular <em><strong>and</strong></em> respiratory phenomenon that significantly contributes to meeting continuously changing metabolic, energy and behavioral demands.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55372,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301051123002594/pdfft?md5=81de4d2efea3d9f8712456e1f537b8c3&pid=1-s2.0-S0301051123002594-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139049749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stéphane Ranfaing , Lucas De Zorzi , Rémi Ruyffelaere , Jacques Honoré , Hugo Critchley , Henrique Sequeira
{"title":"The impact of attention bias modification training on behavioral and physiological responses","authors":"Stéphane Ranfaing , Lucas De Zorzi , Rémi Ruyffelaere , Jacques Honoré , Hugo Critchley , Henrique Sequeira","doi":"10.1016/j.biopsycho.2024.108753","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biopsycho.2024.108753","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Attention bias modification training aims to alter attentional deployment to symptom-relevant emotionally salient stimuli. Such training has therapeutic applications in the management of disorders including anxiety, depression, addiction and chronic pain. In emotional reactions, attentional biases interact with autonomically-mediated changes in bodily arousal putatively underpinning affective feeling states. Here we examined the impact of attention bias modification training on behavioral and autonomic reactivity. Fifty-eight participants were divided into two groups. A training group (TR) received attention bias modification training to enhance attention to pleasant visual information, while a control group (CT) performed a procedure that did not modify attentional bias. After training, participants performed an evaluation task in which pairs of emotional and neutral images (unpleasant-neutral, pleasant-neutral, neutral-neutral) were presented, while behavioral (eye movements) and autonomic (skin conductance; heart rate) responses were recorded. At the behavioral level, trained participants were faster to orientate attention to pleasant images, and slower to orientate to unpleasant images. At the autonomic level, trained participants showed attenuated skin conductance responses to unpleasant images, while stronger skin conductance responses were generally associated with higher anxiety. These data argue for the use of attentional training to address both the attentional and the physiological sides of emotional responses, appropriate for anxious and depressive symptomatology, characterized by atypical attentional deployment and autonomic reactivity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55372,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139508382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prune Mazer , Helena Garcez , Inês Macedo , Rita Pasion , Celeste Silveira , Frederieke Sempf , Fernando Ferreira-Santos
{"title":"Autistic traits and event-related potentials in the general population: A scoping review and meta-analysis","authors":"Prune Mazer , Helena Garcez , Inês Macedo , Rita Pasion , Celeste Silveira , Frederieke Sempf , Fernando Ferreira-Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.biopsycho.2024.108758","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biopsycho.2024.108758","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Differences in short and long-latency Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) can help us infer abnormalities in brain processing, considering early and later stages of stimuli processing across tasks and conditions. In autism research, the adult population remains largely understudied compared to samples at early stages of development. In this context, this scoping review briefly summarises what has been described in community and subclinical adult samples of autism.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>The current scoping review and meta-analysis includes 50 records (N = 1652) and comprehensively explores short and long-latency ERP amplitudes and their relationship with autistic traits in adult community samples.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>This meta-analysis identified, with small to medium effect sizes, distinctive patterns in late ERP amplitudes, indicating enhanced responses to visual stimuli and the opposite patterns to auditory tasks in the included sample. Additionally, a pattern of higher amplitudes was also found for the component P3b in autistic traits.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>Differential effects in visual and auditory domains are explored in light of the predictive processing framework for Autism. It remains possible that different brain mechanisms operate to explain symptoms related with different sensory modalities. P3b is discussed as a possible component of interest in future studies as it revealed a more robust effect for differentiating severity in the expression of autistic traits in adulthood.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55372,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301051124000176/pdfft?md5=b05633e7b5bb273418f2e630353b3981&pid=1-s2.0-S0301051124000176-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139668751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Miroslaw Wyczesany , Agnieszka K. Adamczyk , Anna Leśniewska , Justyna Hobot , Giansalvo Barbalinardo , Tomasz Górski , Przemysław Adamczyk , Tomasz S. Ligeza
{"title":"Inhibition of the dorsolateral cortex reveals specific mechanisms behind emotional control","authors":"Miroslaw Wyczesany , Agnieszka K. Adamczyk , Anna Leśniewska , Justyna Hobot , Giansalvo Barbalinardo , Tomasz Górski , Przemysław Adamczyk , Tomasz S. Ligeza","doi":"10.1016/j.biopsycho.2024.108743","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biopsycho.2024.108743","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Reappraisal is a complex emotional control strategy based on cognitive change. To complete the reappraisal task, one is required to deeply elaborate on the affective stimulus to create its new interpretation. The involvement of the prefrontal cortex<span><span> in this process was examined in the study, where inhibition of the left or right dorsolateral area was carried out using transcranial magnetic stimulation. In a between-subject design, we used an alternative control condition for the reappraisal task. It was intended to better account for overall task activity compared to typical passive conditions. Late positive potential was affected after inhibition of the </span>prefrontal area, suggesting hindered emotional control. This effect was specific to the reappraisal task, which possibly reflects the disturbance of attention allocation to emotional stimuli. We could also observe an increased transfer of information from the visual area during the control task that was based on the elaboration of emotional stimuli but did not involve cognitive change. Our results support the additive impact of several factors on the overall efficiency of emotional control.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":55372,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139380262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Weiyi Zhou , Fangfang Long , Fang Wang , Renlai Zhou
{"title":"Subsyndromal depression leads to early under-activation and late over-activation during inhibitory control: an ERP study","authors":"Weiyi Zhou , Fangfang Long , Fang Wang , Renlai Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.biopsycho.2024.108742","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biopsycho.2024.108742","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Individuals with depressive disorders have deficits in inhibitory control and exhibit symptoms of impaired cognitive and emotional functioning. Individuals with </span>subsyndromal depression are intermediate between the healthy group and clinically diagnosed patients with depressive disorders, and studying the characteristics of their inhibitory control functioning can help to investigate the mechanisms underlying the development of depressive disorders. Using two classical paradigms of inhibitory control, Flanker and Go/NoGo, the present study explored the differences in inhibitory control between individuals with subsyndromal depression and healthy individuals from the perspectives of both response inhibition and interference control. Behavioral results showed that both groups did not differ in response time and accuracy; in terms of event-related potentials, individuals with subsyndromal depression presented smaller N2 amplitudes as well as larger P3 amplitudes in the NoGo condition of the Go/NoGo paradigm; and smaller N2 amplitudes in the incongruent condition of the Flanker paradigm. Moreover, the depression-prone group showed lower theta power compared to the healthy group in the NoGo condition of the NoGo paradigm and the incongruent condition of the Flanker paradigm. The present study reveals that the depression-prone group may have a compensatory mechanism in the response inhibition, which is mainly manifested as early under-activation as well as late over-activation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55372,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139375383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Active inference as a theory of sentient behavior","authors":"Giovanni Pezzulo , Thomas Parr , Karl Friston","doi":"10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108741","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108741","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This review paper offers an overview of the history and future of active inference—a unifying perspective on action and perception. Active inference is based upon the idea that sentient behavior depends upon our brains’ implicit use of internal models to predict, infer, and direct action. Our focus is upon the conceptual roots and development of this theory of (basic) sentience and does not follow a rigid chronological narrative. We trace the evolution from Helmholtzian ideas on unconscious inference, through to a contemporary understanding of action and perception. In doing so, we touch upon related perspectives, the neural underpinnings of active inference, and the opportunities for future development. Key steps in this development include the formulation of predictive coding models and related theories of neuronal message passing, the use of sequential models for planning and policy optimization, and the importance of hierarchical (temporally) deep internal (i.e., generative or world) models. Active inference has been used to account for aspects of anatomy and neurophysiology, to offer theories of psychopathology in terms of aberrant precision control, and to unify extant psychological theories. We anticipate further development in all these areas and note the exciting early work applying active inference beyond neuroscience. This suggests a future not just in biology, but in robotics, machine learning, and artificial intelligence.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55372,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301051123002612/pdfft?md5=ca7e779127ff976b386b7f4f01132481&pid=1-s2.0-S0301051123002612-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139094561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Standardization of facial electromyographic responses","authors":"Anton van Boxtel , Jolien van der Graaff","doi":"10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108737","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108737","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In behavioral studies, facial electromyographic (EMG) responses to external stimuli or internal events are usually quantified relative to the resting state, presumed to represent a neutral baseline condition. In the large majority of recent studies, EMG responses were expressed as a difference score in terms of microvolts with the resting state. We argue that since EMG activity is measured on a ratio scale rather than on an interval scale, percentage scores should be used instead of difference scores. Reanalyzing results from an earlier study on the relationships between facial EMG responses and affective empathic responses to emotional video clips, we found that the two different types of EMG response quantification were differently related to affective empathy. Relationships between EMG responses and affective empathy were more consistent or stronger for percentage scores than for difference scores. In another study, facial EMG mimicry responses to pictures of emotional facial expressions were stronger for percentage scores than for difference scores. The adequacy of percentage scores relative to difference scores as indices of psychological variables may be simply checked by comparing both types of scores</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55372,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138886607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Psychophysiology and affective processing across the lifespan: Pathways to psychopathology","authors":"Aislinn Sandre, Anna Weinberg, Juhyun Park","doi":"10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108740","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108740","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55372,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139056491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Socioeconomic status moderates neural markers of cognitive reappraisal across preschool","authors":"Jennifer L. Kling, Rebecca J. Brooker","doi":"10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108738","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108738","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Emotion regulation (ER) is critical for children’s healthy socio-emotional development, in part through its modulation of negative emotions that might otherwise place children at risk for psychopathology. The cognitive ER strategy of </span><em>reappraisal</em><span> appears to be particularly protective against the development of symptoms of anxiety and depression during childhood. Despite widespread acceptance of the benefits of reappraisal for children’s long-term affective function, little is known about the developmental mechanisms that support emerging reappraisal in young children. Proximal mechanisms supporting reappraisal include biological processes; the modulation of reactivity to negative emotional stimuli is visible at the neural level through the Late Positive Potential (LPP). Influences on the developmental course of mechanisms like the LPP almost certainly include contextual factors, including quality of the environment, which have been largely ignored in work to date. The present study included a test of early (age 3–4) socioeconomic status (SES) as a moderator of children’s reappraisal, evidenced by differences in the LPP to passive view and reappraisal conditions, at age 5. Results supported the presence of moderation. Reappraisal was visible as differences in LPP across conditions at high, but not low, levels of SES. Findings offer a foundation for delineating the development of reappraisal and understanding contexts that may promote preschoolers’ reappraisal. Results also contribute to the delineation of the role of early psychophysiological markers in affective function and early risk for psychopathology.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":55372,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139030606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}