Biology of Sport最新文献

{"title":"The influence of functional kinematic asymmetry on maximum speed performance in repeated sprints.","authors":"Mateusz Jopek, Michal Krzysztofik, Dariusz Mroczek, Adam Zajac, Krzysztof Mackala","doi":"10.5114/biolsport.2026.158304","DOIUrl":"10.5114/biolsport.2026.158304","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study aimed to determine the influence of functional asymmetry on the kinematic parameters of the 50 m run and its significance in shaping maximum speed in sprinters at various sports levels. The analysis included 18 Polish sprinters (elite: ≤ 10.40 s, sub-elite: ≤ 11.10 s per 100 m) who performed four 50 m runs with 5-minute breaks. Kinematic parameters were recorded using the OptoJumpNEXT system and WittyGate photocells. The fastest and slowest run of each athlete was selected for analysis. The results showed that kinematic asymmetry has a significant impact on sprint performance. Elite sprinters had less asymmetry in stride length, frequency, and ground contact time, which correlated with better results. The key findings indicate that in the acceleration phase (0-20 m), stride length and contact time symmetry were crucial, while in the maximal speed phase (20-50 m), the symmetry of stride frequency was important. A higher sports level was associated with a more optimized running technique, as evidenced by lower kinematic asymmetry. The results suggest that minimizing kinematic asymmetry may be a crucial factor in optimizing the sprinting technique and enhancing performance, offering practical insights for coaches and athletes and empowering them to make informed decisions in their training programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":55365,"journal":{"name":"Biology of Sport","volume":"43 ","pages":"911-919"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13217143/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148139714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Training characteristics of male and female WorldTour professional road cyclists before the competitive phase.","authors":"Manuel Mateo-March, David Barranco-Gil, Xabier Muriel, Jesús G Pallarés, Pedro L Valenzuela","doi":"10.5114/biolsport.2026.156234","DOIUrl":"10.5114/biolsport.2026.156234","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Evidence regarding the training characteristics of professional cyclists is limited, particularly for female athletes. We aimed to compare the week-by-week training characteristics of female and male professional road cyclists of the highest competitive level. We analysed data from 16 female (age 26 ± 5 years) and 16 male WorldTour cyclists (age 29 ± 6 years). Power output (PO) and heart rate (HR) were registered during the 10 weeks preceding the first competition of the season, and different measures of training load (e.g., total time, training stress score [TSS], training impulse [eTRIMP]) and training intensity distribution (i.e., time spent in each intensity zone) were determined. Female and male cyclists completed a similar number of training sessions (5.9 ± 0.9 vs 6.0 ± 0.9 sessions/week, respectively; p = 0.760), although the latter trained more hours (16.7 ± 2.6 vs 19.1 ± 2.7 hours/week; p = 0.016). A significant reduction of training volume was observed during the last week before the competitive phase, particularly in females (11.2 ± 4.6 vs 17.7 ± 4.9 hours; p < 0.001). Most cyclists (> 90%) followed a pyramidal training intensity distribution through the study period regardless of sex, although females spent less absolute and relative time in low-intensity zones measured by both PO (p < 0.001) and HR (p = 0.009), with more time in higher-intensity zones. No differences were found in relative training load indicators such as TSS (p = 0.986) or eTRIMP (p = 0.612) during the study. Female cyclists show lower training volumes-particularly at low intensity-than male cyclists. However, similar relative training loads are found in both sexes, likely due to the higher relative training intensity of female cyclists.</p>","PeriodicalId":55365,"journal":{"name":"Biology of Sport","volume":"43 ","pages":"933-940"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13217385/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148139794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The overload loop: a distinct reoxygenation pattern above the second ventilatory threshold revealed by a new analytical method.","authors":"Annette Schmidt, Lucas Koch, Tom Brandt, Timo Schinköthe","doi":"10.5114/biolsport.2026.159557","DOIUrl":"10.5114/biolsport.2026.159557","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Overpacing is frequently observed in high-intensity functional training modalities such as CrossFit, where athletes exceed sustainable intensity domains early and subsequently fail to recover performance within the same exercise bout. This study examined whether exercising above the second ventilatory threshold (VT2) induces distinct reoxygenation patterns in active and inactive muscles and aimed to develop a mathematical method for quantifying these intensity-dependent effects. Fifty-four healthy men performed two incremental cycling tests, one above and one below VT2, while SmO₂ of the vastus lateralis and triceps brachii was continuously measured. Heart rate served as a systemic reference to align local SmO₂ values, yielding the new metric <math><mrow><mi>M</mi> <mi>U</mi> <mi>S</mi> <mi>C</mi> <mi>L</mi> <mi>E</mi> <mfrac><mrow><mo>Δ</mo> <mi>S</mi> <mi>m</mi> <msub><mi>O</mi> <mn>2</mn></msub> </mrow> <mrow><mtext>HRrel</mtext></mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </math> , defined as the largest exercise-to-recovery difference at identical relative heart rates. Brachial artery diameter was additionally assessed in a subsample. Only above VT2 did the inactive muscle continue to deoxygenate into early recovery, whereas the active muscle reoxygenated immediately. When plotting both muscles against each other, this produced a distinct circular overload loop, not observed below VT2. <math><mrow><mi>M</mi> <mi>U</mi> <mi>S</mi> <mi>C</mi> <mi>L</mi> <mi>E</mi> <mfrac><mrow><mo>Δ</mo> <mi>S</mi> <mi>m</mi> <msub><mi>O</mi> <mn>2</mn></msub> </mrow> <mrow><mtext>HRrel</mtext></mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </math> confirmed this asymmetry statistically, showing a large effect in the triceps brachii (p < 0.001) and no meaningful difference in the vastus lateralis. Above VT2, brachial artery diameter decreased and subsequently increased during recovery, supporting intensity-dependent vascular regulation. Exceeding VT2 triggers an asynchronous reoxygenation response between muscle groups. The overload loop and its quantification using the newly developed metric provide a novel tool for analyzing intensity-driven SmO₂ dynamics and offer new insight into the coordination of local and systemic vascular regulation under conditions of unsustainable exercise intensity.</p>","PeriodicalId":55365,"journal":{"name":"Biology of Sport","volume":"43 ","pages":"921-931"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13217137/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148139751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Return of match running performance following muscle strain injuries of varying severity in professional football.","authors":"Victor Moreno-Pérez, Aaron Miralles-Iborra, Juan Del Coso, Fidel Agulló, Aitor Soler, Javier Courel-Ibáñez","doi":"10.5114/biolsport.2026.159530","DOIUrl":"10.5114/biolsport.2026.159530","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To examine match running performance recovery trajectories following muscle strain injuries of varying severity in professional male football players upon RTP. Forty-nine outfield players from a professional football team were prospectively monitored over four consecutive seasons (n=168 non-contact lower-limb muscle strain injuries). Injuries were classified by severity (time loss) as mild (1-7 days), moderate (8-28 days), or severe (> 28 days). GPS-derived match metrics were analysed across the four matches preceding injury and across 14 matches following RTP (i.e., POST 1-to-14) to characterise the recovery trajectory. Generalised additive mixed models were fitted to describe nonlinear recovery patterns. Recovery trajectories differed significantly between severity groups (R² 95%IC = 0.360 to 0.425, p < 0.001). Mild injuries caused short impairments with reductions of -19 to -27% in match running metrics at POST1 (ES: 0.25 to 1.05) that persisted up to POST2; per-minute intensities remained largely preserved. Moderate injuries caused large impairments, in sprinting, high-speed running, and accelerating/braking actions (-62% to -92% at POST1), and remained below baseline at POST3 (ES: 0.24 to 3.12); per-minute metrics revealed some residual neuromechanical deficits beyond minutes restriction. Severe injuries caused similar pronounced acute impairments (-60 to -100% at POST1) but the longest persistent deficits up to POST4 in absolute metrics and up to POST7 for high-speed running (ES: 0.28 to 2.31). Match running performance in the RTP after muscle strain injury follows a clear severity-dependent recovery: mild injuries recovered within two matches, moderate in three, severe injuries after four or more, particularly in high-speed and accelerating/braking actions.</p>","PeriodicalId":55365,"journal":{"name":"Biology of Sport","volume":"43 ","pages":"887-897"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13217141/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148139835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Training with an elastic bench press device provides comparable adaptations to conventional resistance training in trained men.","authors":"Simon Gavanda, David Wischtukat, Moritz Ruckdeschel, Stephan Geisler, Steffen Held","doi":"10.5114/biolsport.2026.157993","DOIUrl":"10.5114/biolsport.2026.157993","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the effects of a 10-week powerlifting-style bench press resistance training program, with (EBD) and without an elastic bench press device (RAW), on one-repetition maximum (1-RM), body mass (BM), muscle mass (MM), fat-free mass (FFM), and muscle thickness of the triceps brachii and pectoralis major. Twenty-two trained males (EBD: n = 10, age 25.1 ± 4.5 years, relative 1-RM 1.05 ± 0.31; RAW: n = 12, age 24.9 ± 3.9 years, relative 1-RM 1.07 ± 0.31) performed training three times weekly, with the EBD group training at 10% higher intensity than the RAW group. Analysis revealed significant time effects for 1-RM (EBD: +8.5 ± 2 5.3%, d = 0.34, p ≤ 0.001; RAW: +7.8 ± 28%, d = 0.28, p ≤ 0.001) and pectoralis major muscle thickness (EBD: +15.5 ± 23.9%, d = 0.65, p = 0.007; RAW: +17.2 ± 13.2%, d = 1.31, p = 0.001). Despite significant time effects, BM revealed no relevant post hoc changes (EBD: +1.0 ± 23.8%, d = 0.04, p = 0.406; RAW: 0.0 ± 19.5%, d = 0.00, p = 1.000). No significant interaction effects emerged for any outcome, and triceps thickness, MM, FFM, and fat mass did not show statistically significant changes. EBD and RAW training produced comparable strength and hypertrophic adaptations. Although the RAW group showed slightly greater gains in pectoralis major thickness, the difference was not statistically significant. This study highlights that while EBD provides a viable alternative to conventional resistance training, it does not confer superior gains.</p>","PeriodicalId":55365,"journal":{"name":"Biology of Sport","volume":"43 ","pages":"839-846"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13217382/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148139807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Possession in motion: a five-season analysis of running in-possession and out-of-possession with match outcomes in the English Premier League.","authors":"Tom Allen, Matt Taberner, Mikhail Zhilkin, Damian Harper, Jill Alexander","doi":"10.5114/biolsport.2026.159531","DOIUrl":"10.5114/biolsport.2026.159531","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined relationships between running load, possession metrics, and team success (points per game (PPG)), across five English Premier League (EPL) seasons (2019/20-2023/24). Comparison of running and possession demands when facing top six (T6) versus lower-ranked (7-20) opponents was also explored. Analysis of 1675 matches, using Second Spectrum^® optical tracking system, to measure running load variables (total distance (TD), high-intensity distance (HID), high-speed running (HSR), sprint distance (SprD), expressed as totals, in-possession per minute (TIP), out-of-possession per minute (TOOP), and TOOP/TIP ratios. Pearson's correlations assessed relationships between running load, possession, ball-in-play (BiP), and PPG. Differences between T6 and lower-ranked teams were assessed using Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. PPG correlated very largely with possession (r = .74, p < 0.001), and largely with TOOP/TIP ratios and BiP (r = .50-.65, p < 0.001). Moderate positive correlations with PPG were observed with TOOP metrics (r = .34-.45, p < 0.001), while SprD showed a small positive relationship (r = .25, p=0.01). TIP metrics correlated negatively with PPG (r = -.22 to -.57, p = 0.001-0.023). Against T6 teams, clubs ran more in total and TIP (ES = 0.11-0.41, p < 0.02), but less TOOP and lower TOOP/TIP ratios (ES = -0.11 to -0.54, p < 0.006), alongside reduced possession (ES = -0.96 to -1.04, p < 0.001) and PPG (ES = -0.61 to -0.66, p < 0.001). EPL success is very largely associated with possession and greater out-of-possession running, while in-possession running relates negatively. Only SprD correlated with PPG, suggesting total running load is less influential than possession and defensive running efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":55365,"journal":{"name":"Biology of Sport","volume":"43 ","pages":"899-909"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13217142/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148139823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of contextualized physical performance metrics on offensive and defensive outcomes in professional football players.","authors":"Paolo Troiani, Antonio Lucadamo, Dario Pompa, Cristian Savoia, Francesco Laterza, Maurizio Bertollo, Marco Beato","doi":"10.5114/biolsport.2026.158681","DOIUrl":"10.5114/biolsport.2026.158681","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to determine how contextualized physical performance metrics influence offensive and defensive outcomes in professional football. We examined external load and high-intensity actions over two seasons, adopting a dual-team approach including a reference team and its opponent. Positional data from all outfield players in 760 matches were collected using a video-based tracking system, capturing sprinting, accelerations, decelerations, and high-intensity efforts across in-possession, out-of-possession, and out-of-play phases. Sprinting distance in possession was associated with a higher number of goals scored (β = 0.308, standard error [SE] = 0.057, p < 0.001). High metabolic power distance during out-of-play phases was also a positive predictor of offensive effectiveness (β = 1.274, SE = 0.218, p < 0.001). High-intensity deceleration distance in possession was negatively related to goals scored (β = -0.257, SE = 0.089, p = 0.004). Defensively, higher opponent intensity-such as sprinting distance in possession and high metabolic power distance during out-of-play phases-was associated with a higher number of goals conceded (β = 0.212, SE = 0.052, p < 0.001; β = 1.379, SE = 0.207, p < 0.001, respectively), whereas high metabolic power distance of the reference team during out-of-play phases was negatively associated (β = -0.966, SE = 0.241, p < 0.001). The influence of in-possession decelerations differed between seasons, indicating that timing and tactical context modulate how these actions affect goals conceded. A focused set of contextualized physical metrics critically shape offensive and defensive outcomes and can guide training and tactical strategies to enhance team performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":55365,"journal":{"name":"Biology of Sport","volume":"43 ","pages":"875-886"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13217146/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148139883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of physical activity domains and delayed biological aging: assessing heterogeneity and interaction of effects.","authors":"Yongyu Huang, Yang Wang, Yanwei You, Ming Ding, Zuosheng Lu, Qing Wang","doi":"10.5114/biolsport.2026.158670","DOIUrl":"10.5114/biolsport.2026.158670","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Physical activity (PA) is widely recognized for its physical and mental health benefits, but the effects of different PA domains on delayed biological aging remain inconclusive. This study aimed to investigate the specific effects of occupational PA (OPA), transportation PA (TPA), and leisure-time PA (LTPA) on delayed biological aging, as well as the heterogeneity and joint interactions of these effects. We analyzed data from 18,362 adults in NHANES 2007-2010 and 2015-2018. Biological aging was assessed using Klemera-Doubal Method Biological Age (KDM-BA), Phenotypic Age (PhenoAge), and Homeostatic Dysregulation (HD). Delayed aging was defined as biological age acceleration < 0 for KDM-BA and PhenoAge, and as values below the median for HD. Logistic regression models were applied to estimate associations of PA domains and levels with delayed aging, and joint analyses were conducted to examine combined effects. Results showed that high OPA was associated with a lower likelihood of delayed aging (KDM, OR=0.84, 95% CI=0.78-0.91; PhenoAge, OR=0.86, 95% CI=0.79-0.94), whereas high LTPA (PhenoAge, OR=1.35, 95% CI=1.22-1.49; HD, OR=1.18, 95% CI=1.09-1.29) was associated with a higher likelihood, while associations for TPA were not significant after adjustment. Joint analysis showed that combinations with high OPA were associated with lower likelihood of delayed aging, whereas those with high LTPA were associated with higher likelihood. These findings highlight the distinct roles of different PA domains and levels in delaying biological aging, providing important evidence for public health strategies to promote healthy aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":55365,"journal":{"name":"Biology of Sport","volume":"43 ","pages":"847-859"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13217144/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148139840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does curvilinear sprint training with different radii improve multidirectional speed and sprint mechanics in youth soccer players?","authors":"David Solleiro-Duran, Jose Suarez-Rial, Ezequiel Rey, Andrés Baena-Raya, Miguel Lorenzo-Martínez, Alberto Filter, Alexis Padrón-Cabo","doi":"10.5114/biolsport.2026.157996","DOIUrl":"10.5114/biolsport.2026.157996","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This randomized parallel-group study examined the effects of curvilinear sprint (CS) training with different radii on linear sprint (LS) performance, CS ability, change of direction (COD), and horizontal force-velocity (FV) profile in youth soccer players. Eighteen male youth soccer players from the same academy were randomly assigned to a narrow CS group (NCSG; 5.15 m radius) or a wide CS group (WSCG; 11.15 m radius). Both groups completed 12 CS sessions over 6 weeks (2 sessions/week), integrated into their regular team training. Pre- and post-intervention assessments included LS (5-30 m), CS tests on both the good and weak sides over two radii (7.15 m and 9.15 m), modified 505 COD test, and sprint mechanical variables from the FV profile (F₀, V₀, P_max, RF_max, D_rf). No significant time × group interactions were found for any variable (p > 0.05), indicating that narrow and wide CS training produced similar adaptations. However, within-group analyses revealed significant improvements (p ≤ 0.05) in most CS tests (except for the good side on 9.15 m), in 5 m and 20 m LS times and COD performance. Additionally, the NCSG and WCSG showed small to moderate significant enhancements (p ≤ 0.05) in P_max and RF_max after the training intervention. In conclusion, 6 weeks of CS training improved LS, CS ability, COD performance, and key sprint mechanical outputs in youth soccer players. These findings suggest that CS training is a specific and effective method for enhancing multidirectional speed and sprint mechanics in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":55365,"journal":{"name":"Biology of Sport","volume":"43 ","pages":"829-838"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13217406/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148139810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between domain-specific physical activity in adults and Parkinson's disease and all-cause mortality: a NHANES study from 2007 to 2018.","authors":"Wenwen Diao, Shunxiong Tang","doi":"10.5114/biolsport.2026.158669","DOIUrl":"10.5114/biolsport.2026.158669","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to examine the associations between physical activity (PA) of different domains and intensities with the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) and all-cause mortality among adults aged 40 years and older. A total of 13,960 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2018 were included. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations between PA and PD prevalence. Kaplan-Meier survival curves with log-rank tests were applied to compare mortality across PA categories, and Cox proportional hazards models were employed to assess the joint effects of PA and PD on all-cause mortality. Sex-stratified subgroup analyses and multiple sensitivity analyses were also performed to confirm the robustness of the findings. After adjustment for potential confounders, vigorous occupational PA (OPA) (OR = 0.349, 95% CI: 0.181-0.674) and total vigorous PA (OR = 0.471, 95% CI: 0.260-0.853) were inversely associated with PD prevalence. Survival analyses demonstrated that higher levels of PA, regardless of domain or intensity, were significantly associated with lower mortality. Consistent results were observed in Cox regression models, where adherence to moderate or vigorous PA was associated with a 29.5% (HR = 0.705, 95% CI: 0.638-0.7781) and 29.0% (HR = 0.710, 95% CI: 0.610-0.826) reduction in mortality risk, respectively. Among participants with PD, those not engaging in vigorous OPA (HR = 1.483, 95% CI: 1.134-1.940) or total vigorous PA (HR = 1.504, 95% CI: 1.150-1.968) had significantly higher mortality than non-PD individuals, whereas those who were physically active exhibited mortality risks comparable to their non-PD counterparts. Sensitivity analyses yielded consistent results, supporting the robustness of these associations. Vigorous occupational and total vigorous physical activity were inversely associated with both PD prevalence and all-cause mortality among adults aged ≥ 40 years. Moreover, adherence to vigorous PA among individuals with PD may mitigate the excess mortality risk associated with the disease. Nevertheless, prospective cohort studies are warranted to confirm these findings and clarify the underlying mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":55365,"journal":{"name":"Biology of Sport","volume":"43 ","pages":"795-813"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13217145/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148138994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}