Bollettino Della Societa Geologica Italiana最新文献

{"title":"Present-day kinematics and deformation processes in the southern Tyrrhenian region: new insights on the northern Sicily extensional belt","authors":"B. Orecchio, M. Aloisi, F. Cannavò, M. Palano, D. Presti, F. Pulvirenti, C. Totaro, G. Siligato, G. Neri","doi":"10.3301/IJG.2017.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3301/IJG.2017.01","url":null,"abstract":"We performed a new analysis of updated and accurate sets of seismic and GNSS data relative to the southern Tyrrhenian region. Detailed velocity field and crustal strain distribution coming from integration of episodic and continuous measurements at more than 160 geodetic sites (spanning the 1994-2015 period) have been evaluated together with the spatial distribution of recent seismicity and an updated catalogue of waveform inversion fault-plane solutions relative to the period 1976-2014. In agreement with previous investigations, we have found that the kinematics of the study area is quite homogeneous except for the north-eastern corner of Sicily which moves almost coherently with southern Calabria in response to the SE-ward rollback of the Ionian slab. The rest of the study region shows a NNW-trending velocity field in agreement with the direction of the Nubia-Eurasia convergence and it is mainly interested by a major compressive domain. NNW-oriented compression is particularly highlighted by seismic data along the E-W trending seismic belt located in the southern Tyrrhenian Sea. In the framework of such compressive regime, the E-W trending extensional domain of northern Sicily is also clearly depicted both by seismic and geodetic data. The cause of this extensional domain framed inside a mainly compressive one represents an open question in the recent scientific debate. Comparisons between our results and literature information on regional geology and crustal structure led us to investigate whether the extension could occur as local response to the thrusting dynamics of the southern Tyrrhenian belt, favoured by the presence of pre-existing weakness zones. We then propose a first attempt to evaluate such a possible causal relationship by means of Finite Element Method (FEM) and Coulomb Stress Change (CSC) modelling. In particular, we adopted a FEM approach to investigate the deformation pattern produced by thrust faulting of southern Tyrrhenian belt, along a 2D profile crossing both the compressive belt and the extensional one in northern Sicily. We also estimated the CSC due to the thrust faulting on normal receiving faults fairly reproducing pre-existing structures of northern Sicily. Modelling results indicate that the thrust faulting activity along the Southern Tyrrhenian compressive margin could be effective in promoting extensional processes in northern Sicily. We have so shown that the local response to thrust faulting activity may concur, even in combination with other processes, to generate the crustal stretching of northern Sicily.","PeriodicalId":55341,"journal":{"name":"Bollettino Della Societa Geologica Italiana","volume":"120 1","pages":"418-433"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77293593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Young Adolescents and Natural Hazards. The Perceived Vulnerability of the Vesuvius Risk","authors":"D. Trezza, M. Giordano","doi":"10.3301/ROL.2017.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3301/ROL.2017.19","url":null,"abstract":"Il presente contributo nasce dallo studio pilota di un'indagine sull'impatto di un percorso didattico sulla percezione dei rischi naturali della popolazione preadolescente vesuviana. Obiettivo primario di questo studio esplorativo e stato comprendere gli schemi concettuali e le dimensioni cognitive rilevanti che sono alla base della percezione del rischio dei ragazzi. Lo studio ha anche un intento metodologico legato alla fase successiva di selezione e operativizzazione degli indicatori del questionario finale.Questo lavoro si muove su un tracciato teorico che e possibile sintetizzare su tre punti. In primo luogo esiste la convinzione che rischio e vulnerabilita siano soprattutto costrutti sociali prima chenozioni delle scienze fisiche e naturali. Pertanto, non dovrebbero essere trascurate le componenti socioculturali nelle attivita di analisi dei rischi di un territorio. Un altro punto che e emerso in letteratura riguarda la peculiarita che la popolazione adolescente assume nell'otticadella mitigazione ai rischi naturali. Infine, il contesto in cui ci siamo mossi, nella fattispecie quello della zona vesuviana, presenta delle specificita legate ad un'elevata vulnerabilita del territorio. Il nostro intento e dunque mostrare i risultati di questa prima fase durante la quale sono stati organizzati alcuni focus group presso gli Istituti scolastici di 4 citta vesuviane, ossia Torre del Greco (NA), Pollena Trocchia (NA), Pomigliano d'Arco (NA) e Pompei (NA). Gli incontri hanno posto in rilievo una serie di aspetti legati alla percezione del rischio vulcanico dei ragazzi, i quali hanno cosi avuto modo di fornire una visione esclusivamente soggettiva del concetto di vulnerabilita,sia individuale che di comunita. La scarsa rappresentativita del nostro campione non ci consente di generalizzare i risultati che sono emersi. Tuttavia essi non solo ci forniscono degli spunti su cui riflettere in fase di costruzione del questionario ma possono rappresentare un utile contributo al panorama teorico in questione.","PeriodicalId":55341,"journal":{"name":"Bollettino Della Societa Geologica Italiana","volume":"37 1","pages":"77-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73547152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agricultural activities effects on groundwater contamination in a Nitrate Vulnerable Zone of Latina Province","authors":"R. Napoli, C. Piccini, C. Bene, R. Farina, C. Marchetti, P. Sarandrea","doi":"10.3301/ROL.2017.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3301/ROL.2017.11","url":null,"abstract":"This preliminary study summarizes the results of a nitrate leaching monitoring in two farms located in the Nitrate Vulnerable Zone (NVZ) of the coastal sandy aquifer of Pianura Pontina, Sabaudia (LT).The monitoring was performed by continuous measurement of piezometric levels of the groundwater aquifer and water sampling in selected wells of the area. The considered farms are representative of the two widespread cropping systems of the area: fodder crops in open field and vegetable crops in greenhouses. The experimental data were used to calibrate models and estimation procedures of leaching towards the aquifer - both the flow rate and nitrate transport and diffusion into the aquifer were evaluated. The developed procedures, under a continuous improvement, can be used to evaluate the whole coastal aquifer and to plan suitable protection measures.","PeriodicalId":55341,"journal":{"name":"Bollettino Della Societa Geologica Italiana","volume":"3 7","pages":"46-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72411851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural inheritance controlling active crustal deformation in the Val d'Agri area (southern Apennines, Italy): new insights from finite element modelling","authors":"A. Megna, S. Santini, S. Mazzoli","doi":"10.3301/ROL.2017.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3301/ROL.2017.26","url":null,"abstract":"The availability of a large amount of surface geological data and subsurface information gathered by the oil industry, together with seismic and geodetic data, allowed us to define and analyse the active structures in the Val d'Agri area of the southern Apennines. Taking into account that the study of interseismic deformation can be significant to identify locked fault areas that can potentially slip, in this study we present 2D elastoplastic finite-element models to reproduce interseismic characteristics of the study area. This hosts the largest Europe's onshore oil field and is characterised by an active extensional tectonic regime, as inferred from earthquake focal mechanisms and fault slip data from late Quaternary structures. Based on high-quality seismic profiles tied with deep well logs, we constructed a detailed geological section across the study area. Outcropping units are dissected by numerous brittle structures that formed at various stages during the tectonic evolutionof the Apennines, while the deep ones are dominated by deeply rooted major faults. The rheological behaviour has been constrained by the reconstruction of the thermal structure of the fold and thrustbelt, using available information from the foreland Apulian Platform and from temperature data from a series of wells. Starting from the geological model, we reproduced interseismic deformation by means of finite-element numerical modelling, varying boundary conditions and unlocking different fault segments. Our numerical models provide new insights into the controversial and widely debated active tectonic setting of the Val d'Agri area, confirming the major role played by structural inheritance and reactivation processes. In fact, recent low-magnitude seismicity tends to illuminate fault segments consisting of pre-existing reverse faults reactivated as normal faults in the present-day stress field.These long-lived, mature fault systems occurring in the buried Apulian Platform carbonates (and underlying basement) represent major brittle structures that cumulated displacements of up to a few kilometres over geologic time. As a result of their reactivation within the late Quaternaryextensional stress field, these long-lived crustal structures are capable of nucleating also moderate- to large-magnitude earthquakes. The decoupling between deep and shallow structural levels, and the different inherited structures affecting them, explain the apparent contrast between the subdued surface expression of active fault systems and the known occurrence of large magnitude seismic events in the study area, thus reconciling apparently contrasting geological and geophysical constraints.","PeriodicalId":55341,"journal":{"name":"Bollettino Della Societa Geologica Italiana","volume":"1 1","pages":"111-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79864884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A mobile application to engage citizens and volunteers. Crowdsourcing within natural hazard","authors":"S. Frigerio, Chiara Bianchizzai, L. Schenato, D. Bianco","doi":"10.3301/ROL.2017.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3301/ROL.2017.17","url":null,"abstract":"Responsibility in civil protection from central to local authorities is a changing pattern in natural hazard management. Prevention and preparedness are long-term goals, based on competence of trained volunteers and on awareness of the local citizens. MAppERS Project(1) (Mobile Application for Emergency Response and Support) involves people as crowd-sources rendering through mobile application design integrated to a dashboard. Testing and training courses for public citizens and volunteers of civil protection in two pilot study cases obtain feedback fundamental to raise participation in the disaster network response, towards modules, usability and quality of the product. A synchronized platform reveals advantages of cloud data architecture with a web dashboard. A first module of the application focuses on flood processes gathering real-time data from local population and contributes to personal awareness, while the second module tests preemergency actions on field with rescue crews, collecting details and priority of hazards.","PeriodicalId":55341,"journal":{"name":"Bollettino Della Societa Geologica Italiana","volume":"2016 1","pages":"70-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86142987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D Remote survey of a rock wall hosting a multi-sensor monitoring system in a test-site (Acuto, Italy)","authors":"A. Fantini, M. Fiorucci, S. Martino, P. Sarandrea","doi":"10.3301/ROL.2017.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3301/ROL.2017.07","url":null,"abstract":"A multi-sensor monitoring system was installed in an abandoned quarry at Acuto (Frosinone - Central Italy) to test multi-sensing and multi-parametric remote techniques for early warning incase of rock failures threating strategic infrastructures. The multisensory monitoring system consist in: i) a meteo-climatic system, including a conventional weather stations and an innovative TSA-BOXone; ii) a geotechnical system, including thermometer for the rock mass temperature, strain-gauges for micro-fractures of rock mass, extensometers on open joints for detecting stress-strain conditions; iii) a nanoseismic monitoring system was also temporary installed to detect low magnitude vibrations to be regarded as precursors of rock failures. To correctly design the multi-parametric monitoring system, the rock wall was scanned to identify the main joint sets.Three GPS monographs were preliminary obtained in order to spatially geocoding the rock wall. From November 2015 to May 2016 remote scanning surveys were carried out on the quarry face by two different approaches: i) topographic 3D survey by Leica Total Station; ii) optical survey by 3D photos technique analyzed by Structure from Motion technique. The topographic survey provided high definition geocoded point clouds. These outputs were compared with the ones obtained by the SFM technique on 3D photos to test their reliability. At this aim, a Gaussian bi-modal distribution of the surveyed distances was obtained from each measurement; the comparison among the so derived distributions demonstrates that the computed errors are negligible and the main differences result at the boundaries of the sampled 3D domain. This comparison encourages the use of the photography technology by SfM technique to obtain multi-temporal geocoded point clouds for change detection analyses to point out evidences of scar zones due to slope failures. Thisapproach guarantees a very quick and accurate practice with easy management hardware and low software costs.","PeriodicalId":55341,"journal":{"name":"Bollettino Della Societa Geologica Italiana","volume":"4 1","pages":"30-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84344017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D geological modeling and visualization of the subsurface data of the Piemonte plains derived from the Geodatabase of digital Geological map of Piemonte","authors":"M. Morelli, L. Mallen, G. Nicolò, Stefano Cozzula, A. Irace, F. Piana","doi":"10.3301/ROL.2017.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3301/ROL.2017.22","url":null,"abstract":"Three-dimensional (3D) subsurface modelling and visualization of seven regional unconformity-bounded stratigraphic units, (synthems) of the Messinian-Quaternary succession of the Po Plain Basin and Savigliano-Alessandria Basin are here described. 3D model is developed using the EnterVol Ctech® software environment, grounding on information stored in GeoPiemonte Map database. This modelling allows to visualise the geological data and to establish topological relationships between the analysed objects, coupling the data processing capabilities of GIS with 3D modeling and sharing the result on 3D WebGIS service of ARPA Piemonte Geoportal.","PeriodicalId":55341,"journal":{"name":"Bollettino Della Societa Geologica Italiana","volume":"99 25 1","pages":"90-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80452761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The reconstruction of the Marmousi-2 geological model using the gradient-based time domain acoustic and elastic Full-Waveform Inversion","authors":"Daniela Teodor","doi":"10.3301/ROL.2017.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3301/ROL.2017.28","url":null,"abstract":"Marmousi-2 is an elastic model defined by the P-wave, the Swave velocities (Vp and Vs respectively) and by the densities of the geological bodies that reproduce a geological profile of North Quenguelain the Quanza Basin in Angola. This study is focused on the evaluation of the accuracy and quality of the Vp and Vs estimated models and of their Vp to Vs ratio, using the gradient-based acoustic and elastic Full-Waveform Inversion (FWI). Two different initial models have been tested: the first one obtained with Genetic Algorithms (GA) and the second one obtained by applying a smoothing function to the Marmousi-2 true model. These initial models are characterized by variable Vp/Vs ratios, both in depth and in the horizontal direction, which nicely approximate the true geological setting. The analysis of the different tomographic images obtained by the FWI and the model misfit computation proved the good reconstruction of the Vp and Vs model only when the initial model has Vp/Vs ratios that reproduce the depth and the horizontal variations of the true model; this happens because the background trend of Vp/Vs ratio is preserved from the initial to the reconstructed models and is not much modified by FWI.Furthermore, it was noticed that also the use of an initial model obtained with Genetic Algorithms allows for a good Vp and Vs model reconstruction. However, the final reconstructed model has in this case a lower degree of matching with the true model. Nevertheless, the improvements brought by gradient-based FWI, that is, the decrease of the model misfit between the true model and the reconstructed model, are greater for the GA case compared to the smooth case. Then, starting from a less accurate initial model, the FWI is able to deliver a final model close to the true model.","PeriodicalId":55341,"journal":{"name":"Bollettino Della Societa Geologica Italiana","volume":"117 1","pages":"119-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73382224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomass evaluation by the use of Landsat satellite imageryand forestry data","authors":"A. Mei, R. Salvatori, C. Bassani, F. Petracchini","doi":"10.3301/ROL.2017.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3301/ROL.2017.16","url":null,"abstract":"Satellite imagery allows to estimate vegetation parameters related to large areas and to evaluate biogeochemical cycles and radiative energy transfer processes between soil/vegetation and atmosphere.Moreover, the spectral indices derived from remote sensed data can be used for biomass estimation.This paper focuses on the evaluation of above-ground biomass in the Leonessa Municipality, Latium Region (Italy) by the use of Landsat 7 ETM+ (2001) and Landsat 8-OLI (2015) data. To achieve this goal, Rural Development Programs (PSR) and Forest Management Plans(FMP) (2001-2010) have been analyzed to retrieve the main information related to the different types of wood resources. In particular, dendrometry and prospects of different cultivation classes provide the main data such as the extension (ha), the biomass production (m3/ha), the number of plants, the cuts plan of each Forest Management Unit (FMU). This dataset was organized within a Geographical Information System (GIS) as well as Landsat images.Landsat 7 imagery was classified with two spectral indices, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Tasseled Cup, in order to find a correlation between remote sensed data and biomass production in m3/ha. Once obtained the spectral model, the analysis was extended to Landsat 8 and the 2015 biomass map was produced and exported on the web. The results, obtained by the exclusively analysis of open source optical remote sensing data, demonstrate their suitability to update FMPs with lower cost if compared to canonical field methods. Additionally, the analysis allows to extend the investigation to un-analyzed areas by forestry studies, too.","PeriodicalId":55341,"journal":{"name":"Bollettino Della Societa Geologica Italiana","volume":"24 1","pages":"66-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85409112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complementarietà fra i dati dell'interferometria satellitare e quelli ottenuti con strumentazione a terra sui versanti in dissesto","authors":"L. Cas","doi":"10.3301/ROL.2017.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3301/ROL.2017.04","url":null,"abstract":"Because of the requirement to begin monitoring landslides areas within ARPA Lombardia's geological monitoring network, the Geological Monitoring Centre (CMG) has initiated a project, which, thanks to interferometry satellite analysis, allows investigation over more than 30 monitoring networks within Lombardy.A project requirement is to update movement information in areas where the monitoring system was out of service in recent years, with the goal to evaluate the effectiveness and reliability of the existing ground instrumentation and to assess movement in real landslide areas.Because of the difficult terrain in landslide areas and the requirement for data to monitor minor movements, we choose a satellite interferometry, which acquires data from a COSMO-SkyMed satellite radar detection working in X - band. The investigation has allowed us to update landslide movement data and, in some cases, to expand the coverage of a single monitoring network. The acquired data has also allowed us to better position and optimize existing sensors and toposition newly installed sensors.","PeriodicalId":55341,"journal":{"name":"Bollettino Della Societa Geologica Italiana","volume":"2005 1","pages":"18-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86902111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}