Canadian Entomologist最新文献_第10页

Bee Diversity in Naturalizing Patches of Carolinian Grasslands in Southern Ontario, Canada 加拿大南安大略卡罗莱纳草原归化斑块的蜜蜂多样性

IF 0.9 4区农林科学

Canadian Entomologist Pub Date : 2011-06-01 DOI: 10.4039/n11-010

M. Richards, A. Rutgers-Kelly, J. Gibbs, J. Vickruck, Sandra M. Rehan, C. Sheffield

{"title":"Bee Diversity in Naturalizing Patches of Carolinian Grasslands in Southern Ontario, Canada","authors":"M. Richards, A. Rutgers-Kelly, J. Gibbs, J. Vickruck, Sandra M. Rehan, C. Sheffield","doi":"10.4039/n11-010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4039/n11-010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000 The bee fauna (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) of the Niagara Peninsula, at the eastern end of the Carolinian Zone in Ontario, Canada, is poorly known. From April to October 2003, we studied bee abundance and diversity in set-aside grasslands at Brock University and the Glenridge Quarry Naturalization Site in southern St. Catharines, Ontario. Using three sampling methods (pan traps, sweep nets, and aerial nets), we collected and identified 15 733 specimens of 124 species and morphospecies representing all bee families, except Melittidae, found in North America. Abundance-based diversity estimators suggested bee species richness to be as high as 148 species. There were three seasonal peaks in bee abundance (early spring, late spring, and midsummer) with a lull in activity shortly after the summer solstice. Several indicators suggested substantial impacts of disturbance on the Niagara bee community, including evidence of high dominance by the most abundant species. Comparison of the sampling methods indicated considerable catch variation among taxa; Halictidae and Apidae were dominant in pan trap samples and in sweep—aerial net samples, respectively. However, bee abundances in pan traps and sweep nets were highly correlated, suggesting that both methods fairly sample local bee abundances.","PeriodicalId":55289,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Entomologist","volume":"12 1","pages":"279 - 299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79176311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 59

Biology and Integrated Management of Wheat Stem Sawfly and the Need for Continuing Research 小麦茎锯蝇的生物学、综合治理及继续研究的需要

IF 0.9 4区农林科学

Canadian Entomologist Pub Date : 2011-04-01 DOI: 10.4039/n10-056

B. Beres, L. Dosdall, David K. Weaver, H. Cárcamo, D. Spaner

{"title":"Biology and Integrated Management of Wheat Stem Sawfly and the Need for Continuing Research","authors":"B. Beres, L. Dosdall, David K. Weaver, H. Cárcamo, D. Spaner","doi":"10.4039/n10-056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4039/n10-056","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000 The wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), is historically one of the most important economic insect pests in the northern Great Plains of North America. Within this geographical region, the areas subjected to greatest attack are southern Alberta and Saskatchewan, southwestern Manitoba, eastern and northern Montana, North Dakota, northern South Dakota, and western Minnesota. Cumulative grain-yield losses and annual economic losses associated with this pest can exceed 30% and $350 million, respectively. Solid-stemmed cultivars of common wheat, Triticum aestivum L. (Poaceae), tolerant of infestation, are critical for C. cinctus management, but outbreaks of this pest continue to occur even after six decades of cultivar development. Furthermore, chemical control (a primary control option for other cereal (Poaceae) insect pests) has proven ineffective; this underscores the need to integrate resistant cultivars into a comprehensive integrated pest management program. We provide overviews of wheat stem sawfly biology, recent advances in applied research, the efficacy and integration of cultural and biological management strategies, and future directions for global research activities to manage wheat stem sawfly.","PeriodicalId":55289,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Entomologist","volume":"64 1","pages":"105 - 125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2011-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80735398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 84

Comparison of Ultrastructure among Sibling Species of Ostrinia (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) from China 标题中国螟蝇属兄弟种超微结构的比较(鳞翅目:蛾科)

IF 0.9 4区农林科学

Canadian Entomologist Pub Date : 2011-04-01 DOI: 10.4039/n10-049

Zhaofu Yang, Yalin Zhang

{"title":"Comparison of Ultrastructure among Sibling Species of Ostrinia (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) from China","authors":"Zhaofu Yang, Yalin Zhang","doi":"10.4039/n10-049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4039/n10-049","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Scanning electron microscopy on the ultrastructure of scales on the forewings and labial palpi suggests species-diagnostic differences among six sibling species of the genus Ostrinia Hübner. Among four species with small mid-tibiae, O. furnacalis (Guenée) and O. nubilalis (Hübner) show similar ultrastructure of the distal forewing scales, which is distinctly different from that of O. orientalis Mutuura and Munroe and O. dorsivittata (Moore). The diameter of windows between longitudinal ridges and cross ribs of forewing scales in O. dorsivittata is the largest among examined species, and clearly different from that in the other three small midtibiae species. Scales of the labial palpi of O. orientalis have indistinct vestigial windows; windows of O. nubilalis are more numerous and larger than in the other three small mid-tibiae species. Among two species with massive mid-tibiae, window diameter of forewing scales is larger in O. zealis (Guenée) than in O. scapulalis (Walker). Moreover, the number and diameter of windows in scales of the labial palpi differs between these two species. In addition to other known morphological differences, these ultrastructural differences provide further evidence that closely related Ostrinia species are distinct.","PeriodicalId":55289,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Entomologist","volume":"482 1","pages":"126 - 135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2011-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78123733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Actual and Potential Distribution of Acrolepiopsis assectella (Lepidoptera: Acrolepiidae), an Invasive Alien Pest of Allium spp. in Canada 加拿大葱属外来入侵害虫刺肢肢蛾(鳞翅目:刺肢肢蛾科)的现状与潜在分布

IF 0.9 4区农林科学

Canadian Entomologist Pub Date : 2011-04-01 DOI: 10.4039/n10-058

P. Mason, R. Weiss, O. Olfert, M. Appleby, J. Landry

{"title":"Actual and Potential Distribution of Acrolepiopsis assectella (Lepidoptera: Acrolepiidae), an Invasive Alien Pest of Allium spp. in Canada","authors":"P. Mason, R. Weiss, O. Olfert, M. Appleby, J. Landry","doi":"10.4039/n10-058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4039/n10-058","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000 Acrolepiopsis assectella (Zeller), leek moth, is a widespread and common pest of species of Allium L. (Liliaceae) in the western Palaearctic subregion. The establishment of A. assectella in eastern North America has resulted in economic losses to garlic (Allium sativum L.), leek (Allium porrum L.), and onion (Allium cepa L.) growers, especially to organic producers in eastern Ontario and southern Quebec. Acrolepiopsis assectella was first recorded in the Ottawa area in 1993. By 2010, A. assectella had expanded its range into eastern Ontario, southwestern Quebec, Prince Edward Island, and New York. A bioclimate model, using CLIMEX simulation software, was developed to produce mapped results that closely approximated known distributions for A. assectella in central Europe. This model was then validated with recorded distribution records in eastern Europe, Asia, and North America. Model output predicted that A. assectella will readily survive in southeastern Canada and the eastern United States of America. Other areas potentially suitable for A. assectella include coastal regions of the Pacific Northwest, the interior of southern British Columbia, and north-central Mexico. The continued range expansion of A. assectella into other Allium-growing areas of eastern North America appears to be inevitable. Establishment in these areas presents the risk of substantial production losses to Allium spp. producers.","PeriodicalId":55289,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Entomologist","volume":"165 1","pages":"185 - 196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2011-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75462834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Synergisitic Effect of Chitinases and Bacillus Thuringiensis israelensis Spore-Toxin Complex Against Aedes aegypti Larvae 几丁质酶和苏云金芽孢杆菌孢子毒素复合物对埃及伊蚊幼虫的协同作用

IF 0.9 4区农林科学

Canadian Entomologist Pub Date : 2011-04-01 DOI: 10.4039/n10-051

M. Ramírez-suero, G. Valerio-Alfaro, J. Bernal, M. Ramírez-lepe

{"title":"Synergisitic Effect of Chitinases and Bacillus Thuringiensis israelensis Spore-Toxin Complex Against Aedes aegypti Larvae","authors":"M. Ramírez-suero, G. Valerio-Alfaro, J. Bernal, M. Ramírez-lepe","doi":"10.4039/n10-051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4039/n10-051","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000 Six subspecies of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) were grown in minimal medium with chitin as the sole carbon source for 6 days to obtain Bt cell-free fermented broths, which were then evaluated for chitinolytic activity and tested against third-instar Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae. Bt Pakistani showed the highest chitinolytic activity (approximately >2700 mU/mL), Bt kurstaki showed the lowest activity (approximately <2000 mU/mL), and Bt thompsoni, Bt aizawai, Bt israelensis, and Bt alesti showed intermediate activities (approximately 2100–2400 mU/mL). Bt aizawai and Bt thompsoni broths showed the highest toxicity (LC50) against third-instar A. aegypti larvae (approximately <290 mU/mL). Bt kurstaki broth showed the lowest toxicity (approximately 420 mU/mL), while Bt pakistani, Bt israelensis, and Bt alesti broths showed intermediate toxicities (approximately 360–460 mU/mL). A purified and biochemically characterized Bt aizawai chitinase and commercial chitinases (from Serratia marcescens Bizio and Streptomyces griseus Waksman and Henrici) were evaluated and compared for synergistic effects on Bt israelensis spore-toxin complex against third-instar A. aegypti larvae. The synergism factor value of Streptomyces griseus and Bt aizawai chitinases were >2 and approximately 1.4; synergism was not evident for the Serratia marcescens chitinase (synergism factor value approximately 0.9).","PeriodicalId":55289,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Entomologist","volume":"5 1","pages":"157 - 164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2011-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82122481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Revision of Hodostates (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ctenopelmatinae), with a Discussion of Tribal Placement 标题膜翅目:姬蜂科:姬蜂亚目昆虫分类的修订及部落分布的讨论

IF 0.9 4区农林科学

Canadian Entomologist Pub Date : 2011-04-01 DOI: 10.4039/n10-054

M. D. Cameron, R. Wharton

引用次数: 2

European Ectoparasitoids of Two Classical Weed Biological Control Agents Released in North America 北美两种典型杂草生物防治剂的欧洲外寄生蜂

IF 0.9 4区农林科学

Canadian Entomologist Pub Date : 2011-04-01 DOI: 10.4039/n10-057

F. Muller, P. Mason, L. Dosdall, U. Kuhlmann

{"title":"European Ectoparasitoids of Two Classical Weed Biological Control Agents Released in North America","authors":"F. Muller, P. Mason, L. Dosdall, U. Kuhlmann","doi":"10.4039/n10-057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4039/n10-057","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The ceutorhynchine weevils Hadroplontus litura (F.) and Microplontus edentulus (Schultze) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), are established in North America as biological control agents for Canada thistle, Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., and scentless chamomile, Tripleurospermum perforatum (Mérat) M. Lainz (Asteraceae), respectively. In North America, both weeds occur sympatrically and in similar habitats as another ceutorhynchine, Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham) (cabbage seedpod weevil), an important pest of canola, Brassica napus L., and Brassica rapa L. (Brassicaceae). Ceutorhynchinae weevils released to control weeds in cultivated crops may serve as alternate hosts if agents released for biological control of C. obstrictus are not specific to that species. Parasitoids associated with M. edentulus and H. litura inflict similar levels of mortality on their hosts, yet a single species was associated with the latter host, whereas 13 species attacked the former. The stem-mining M. edentulus appears to be at some risk but not the root-crown feeding H. litura, should the parasitoids Trichomalus perfectus (Walker) and Mesopolobus morys (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) be introduced as biological control agents of the silique-feeding C. obstrictus. These findings suggest that feeding niche may be an important criterion for developing a nontarget species test list for host-range testing of potential biological control agents.","PeriodicalId":55289,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Entomologist","volume":"18 1","pages":"197 - 210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2011-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75032417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Effects of Sublethal doses of Chlorfluazuron on the Biochemical Constituents of Eggs of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) 亚致死剂量氯氟脲对斜纹夜蛾卵生化成分的影响

IF 0.9 4区农林科学

Canadian Entomologist Pub Date : 2011-04-01 DOI: 10.4039/n10-055

F. Perveen

{"title":"Effects of Sublethal doses of Chlorfluazuron on the Biochemical Constituents of Eggs of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)","authors":"F. Perveen","doi":"10.4039/n10-055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4039/n10-055","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000 The effects of sublethal doses (LD10: 1.00 ng/larva; LD30: 3.75 ng/larva) of chlorfluazuron on the biochemical constituents of eggs of the tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura (F.), are described. Chlorfluazuron was applied topically to fifth-instar larvae and the subsequent adults were allowed to mate according to larval treatment (LD10-treated female × LD10-treated male and LD30-treated female × LD30-treated male). Biochemical constituents of eggs resulting from these pairings were analyzed at various stages of embryonic development. Compared with controls, LD10 or LD30 reduced egg constituents as follows: protein (min.—max.) by 32.8%–34.5% or 62.0%–67.3%, lipid by 33%–34% or 62%–67%, carbohydrates by 30%–39% or 60%–67%, DNA by 33%–40% or 60%–69%, RNA by 31%–34% or 59%–67%, and ecdysteroid by 22%–83% or 28%–92%, respectively. The relative proportions of constituents in control eggs were as follows: protein > lipid > carbohydrate, and RNA > DNA. Three low and three high peaks in ecdysteroid titres were observed. Compared with controls, all peaks were reduced in LD10 or LD30 eggs as follows: low peaks: 1st (at 8 h): 32% or 66%; 2nd (at 16 h): 33% or 67%; 3rd (at 52 h): 35% or 65%; high peaks: 1st (at 32 h): 83% or 92%; 2nd (at 64 h): 65% or 82%; 3rd (at 84 h): 84 h, 36% or 63%, respectively. In addition, the first two high peaks were delayed by 4 h in LD10 eggs and by 8 h in LD30 eggs compared with controls. Sublethal doses of chlorfluazuron reduced the amounts of biochemical constituents of eggs during embryogenesis in S. litura.","PeriodicalId":55289,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Entomologist","volume":"72 1","pages":"178 - 184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2011-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72667479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Host-Range Testing of a Mixture of Two Nucleopolyhedroviruses of Choristoneura fumiferana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) 富米蛾两种核多角体病毒混合物的宿主范围检测(鳞翅目:蛾科)

IF 0.9 4区农林科学

Canadian Entomologist Pub Date : 2011-04-01 DOI: 10.4039/n10-052

W. Kaupp, Kevin N. Barber, W. Fick, P. Ebling, T. Ladd, S. Holmes

{"title":"Host-Range Testing of a Mixture of Two Nucleopolyhedroviruses of Choristoneura fumiferana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)","authors":"W. Kaupp, Kevin N. Barber, W. Fick, P. Ebling, T. Ladd, S. Holmes","doi":"10.4039/n10-052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4039/n10-052","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The host range of a mixture of Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens) nucleopolyhedroviruses (CfMNPV and CfDefNPV) was investigated using a per os bioassay of larvae of 29 species of Lepidoptera and adult males of Megachile rotundata (F.) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Using a whole-genomic DNA probe, positive results were obtained in 8 of 10 Tortricidae: Archips cerasivorana (Fitch), Choristoneura fractivittana (Clemens), C. fumiferana, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, Choristoneura pinus pinus Freeman, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), Clepsispersicana (Fitch), and Cydia pomonella (L.); one Crambidae: Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner); one arctiine Erebidae: Estigmene acrea (Drury); and two Noctuidae: Oligia illocata (Walker) and Pyrrhia exprimens (Walker). Mortality rates were highest among C. fumiferana, C occidentalis, C. pinus pinus, A. cerasivorana, and C. pomonella. Sequenced polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplicons from infected individuals from several species confirmed that the primer sets amplified the target viruses. CfMNPV was consistently found in virus-fed C. fumiferana; whereas, CfDefNPV was present only occasionally. The presence of CfMNPV and CfDefNPV in A. cerasivorana was confirmed by PCR and DNA sequencing. Significant treatment-mortality rates were induced in the noctuids P. exprimens and Acronicta impleta Walker; PCR determined that both viruses were present in treated P. exprimens but only CfMNPV was present in A. impleta. No virus was detected in M. rotundata.","PeriodicalId":55289,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Entomologist","volume":"49 1","pages":"165 - 177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2011-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91273350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Charles Petruccelli: "We are at the beginning of a major industry disruption: Mobility." Charles Petruccelli:“我们正处于一个重大行业颠覆的开端:移动性。”

IF 0.9 4区农林科学

Canadian Entomologist Pub Date : 2011-03-15 DOI: 10.15581/002.ENT-645

Charles Petruccelli, Philip Moscoso

引用次数: 0