Canadian Journal of Psychiatry-Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie最新文献

{"title":"Incidence, Racial Disparities and Factors Related to Psychosis among Black Individuals in Canada: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Jude Mary Cénat,&nbsp;Élisabeth Dromer,&nbsp;Wina Paul Darius,&nbsp;Rose Darly Dalexis,&nbsp;Sarah Elizabeth Furyk,&nbsp;Hannah Poisson,&nbsp;Farid Mansoub Bekarkhanech,&nbsp;David Guangyu Diao,&nbsp;Andi Phaelle Gedeon,&nbsp;Muhammad S Shah,&nbsp;Patrick R Labelle,&nbsp;Emmanuelle Bernheim,&nbsp;Cary S Kogan","doi":"10.1177/07067437231178957","DOIUrl":"10.1177/07067437231178957","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Black communities are increasingly concerned about psychosis, a worry echoed by provincial health-care systems across Canada. Responding to the lack of evidence on psychosis in Black communities, this scoping review examined the incidence and prevalence of psychosis, access to care (pathways to care, coercive referrals, interventions, etc.), treatments received, and stigma faced by individuals with psychosis.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>To identify studies, a comprehensive search strategy was developed and executed in December 2021 across 10 databases, including APA PsycInfo, CINAHL, MEDLINE and Web of Science. Subject headings and keywords relating to Black communities, psychosis, health inequalities, Canada and its provinces and territories were used and combined. The scoping review was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping review (PRISMA-ScR) reporting standard.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 15 studies met the inclusion criteria, all of them conducted in Ontario and Quebec. Results highlight different disparities in psychosis among Black communities. Compared to other Canadian ethnic groups, Black individuals are more likely to be diagnosed with psychosis. Black individuals with psychosis are more likely to have their first contact with health-care settings through emergency departments, to be referred by police and ambulance services, and to experience coercive referrals and interventions, and involuntary admission. Black individuals experience a lower quality of care and are the ethnic group most likely to disengage from treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This scoping review reveals many gaps in research, prevention, promotion and intervention on psychosis in Black individuals in Canada. Future studies should explore factors related to age, gender, social and economic factors, interpersonal, institutional and systemic racism, and psychosis-related stigma. Efforts should be directed toward developing trainings for health-care professionals and promotion and prevention programs within Black communities. Culturally adapted interventions, racially disaggregated data, and increased research funding are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":55283,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Psychiatry-Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b0/4d/10.1177_07067437231178957.PMC10517652.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9563359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Context and Expectations Matter: Social, Recreational, and Independent Functioning among Youth with Psychosis in Chennai, India and Montreal, Canada.","authors":"Srividya N Iyer,&nbsp;Thara Rangaswamy,&nbsp;Sally Mustafa,&nbsp;Nicole Pawliuk,&nbsp;Greeshma Mohan,&nbsp;Ridha Joober,&nbsp;Norbert Schmitz,&nbsp;Howard Margolese,&nbsp;Ramachandran Padmavati,&nbsp;Ashok Malla","doi":"10.1177/07067437231153796","DOIUrl":"10.1177/07067437231153796","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Most cross-cultural psychosis research has focused on a limited number of outcomes (generally symptom-related) and perspectives (often clinician-/observer-rated). It is unknown if the purported superior outcomes for psychosis in some low- and middle-income countries extend to patient-reported measures of social, recreational, and independent functioning. Addressing this gap, this study aimed to compare these outcomes in first-episode psychosis at a high-income site and a lower middle-income site.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients receiving similarly designed early intervention for psychosis in Chennai, India (<i>N</i> = 164) and Montreal, Canada (<i>N</i> = 140) completed the self-reported Social Functioning Scale-Early Intervention, which measures prosocial, recreation, and independence-performance functioning. Their case managers rated expected independence-performance functioning. Both sets of assessments were done at entry and Months 6, 18, and 24. Linear mixed model analyses of differences between sites and over time were conducted, accounting for other pertinent variables, especially negative symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Linear mixed models showed that prosocial, recreation, and independence-performance functioning scores were significantly higher in Montreal than Chennai and did not change over time. Expected independence-performance was also higher in Montreal and increased over time. Negative symptoms and education independently predicted prosocial, recreation, and expected independence-performance functioning. When added to the model, expected independence-performance predicted actual independence-performance and site was no longer significant. At both sites, prosocial and recreation scores were consistently lower (<40%) than independence-performance (40-65%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This is the first cross-cultural investigation of prosocial, recreation, and independent functioning in early psychosis. It demonstrates that these outcomes differ by socio-cultural context. Differing levels of expectations about patients, themselves shaped by cultural, illness, and social determinants, may contribute to cross-cultural variations in functional outcomes. At both sites, social, recreational, and independent functioning were in the low-to-moderate range and there was no improvement over time, underscoring the need for effective interventions specifically designed to impact these outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":55283,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Psychiatry-Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10517650/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10708183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suicide and Self-Harm Among Immigrant Youth to Ontario, Canada From Muslim Majority Countries: A Population-Based Study.","authors":"Natasha Saunders,&nbsp;Rachel Strauss,&nbsp;Sarah Swayze,&nbsp;Alex Kopp,&nbsp;Paul Kurdyak,&nbsp;Zainab Furqan,&nbsp;Arfeen Malick,&nbsp;Muhammad Ishrat Husain,&nbsp;Mark Sinyor,&nbsp;Juveria Zaheer","doi":"10.1177/07067437231166840","DOIUrl":"10.1177/07067437231166840","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the association between Muslim religious affiliation and suicide and self-harm presentations among first- and second-generation immigrant youth.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a population-based cohort study involving individuals aged 12 to 24 years, living in Ontario, who immigrated to Canada between 1 January 2003 and 31 May 2017 (first generation) and those born to immigrant mothers (second generation). Health administrative and demographic data were used to analyze suicide and self-harm presentations. Sex-stratified logistic regression models generated odds ratios (OR) for suicide and negative binomial regression models generated rate ratios (aRR) for self-harm presentations, adjusting for refugee status and time since migration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 1,070,248 immigrant youth (50.1% female), there were 129,919 (23.8%) females and 129,446 (24.2%) males from Muslim-majority countries. Males from Muslim-majority countries had lower suicide rates (3.8/100,000 person years [PY]) compared to males from Muslim-minority countries (5.9/100,000 PY) (OR: 0.62, 95% CI, 0.42-0.92). Rates of suicide between female Muslim-majority and Muslim-minority groups were not different (Muslim-majority 1.8/100,000 PY; Muslim-minority 2.2/100,000 PY) (OR: 0.82, 95% CI, 0.46-1.47). Males from Muslim-majority countries had lower rates of self-harm presentations than males from Muslim-minority (<10%) countries (Muslim majority: 12.2/10,000 PY, Muslim-minority: 14.1/10,000 PY) (aRR: 0.82, 95% CI, 0.75, 0.90). Among female immigrants, rates of self-harm presentations were not different among Muslim-majority (30.1/10,000 PY) compared to Muslim-minority (<10%) (32.9/10,000 PY) (aRR: 0.93, 95% CI, 0.87-1.00) countries. For females, older age at immigration conferred a lower risk of self-harm presentations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Being a male from a Muslim-majority country may confer protection from suicide and self-harm presentations but the same was not observed for females. Approaches to understanding the observed sex-based differences are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":55283,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Psychiatry-Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10517651/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9642679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taking Action on Racism and Structural Violence in Psychiatric Training and Clinical Practice.","authors":"G Eric Jarvis, Lisa Andermann, Oyedeji A Ayonrinde, Michaela Beder, Jude Mary Cénat, Imen Ben-Cheikh, Kenneth Fung, Amy Gajaria, Ana Gómez-Carrillo, Jaswant Guzder, Sarah Hanafi, Azaad Kassam, Rachel Kronick, Myrna Lashley, Roberto Lewis-Fernández, Audrey McMahon, Toby Measham, Lucie Nadeau, Cécile Rousseau, Joseph Sadek, Meryam Schouler-Ocak, Cornelia Wieman, Laurence J Kirmayer","doi":"10.1177/07067437231166985","DOIUrl":"10.1177/07067437231166985","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55283,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Psychiatry-Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10517653/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9880551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suicidal Ideation, Planning, and Attempts Among new Royal Canadian Mounted Police Cadets.","authors":"Jolan Nisbet,&nbsp;Laleh Jamshidi,&nbsp;Kirby Q Maguire,&nbsp;Tracie O Afifi,&nbsp;Alain Brunet,&nbsp;Amber J Fletcher,&nbsp;Gordon J G Asmundson,&nbsp;Jitender Sareen,&nbsp;Robyn E Shields,&nbsp;Katie L Andrews,&nbsp;Shannon Sauer-Zavala,&nbsp;J Patrick Neary,&nbsp;Lisa Lix,&nbsp;Sherry H Stewart,&nbsp;Gregory P Krätzig,&nbsp;R Nicholas Carleton","doi":"10.1177/07067437221149469","DOIUrl":"10.1177/07067437221149469","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) report diverse occupational stressors and repeated exposures to potentially psychologically traumatic events, which may increase the odds of screening positive for a mental disorder, and increase the risk of death by suicide. The current study was designed to provide prevalence information regarding suicidal behaviours (i.e., ideation, planning, attempts) and assess for sociodemographic differences among cadets at the start of the RCMP Cadet Training Program (CTP).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Cadets (<i>n</i> = 736, 74.0% male) were administered the structured Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview by a mental health clinician or a supervised clinical psychologist trainee. The interview includes an assessment of past month suicidal ideation, planning, attempts and lifetime suicide attempts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Within 1 month of starting the CTP, a small percentage of cadets reported past month suicidal ideation (1.6%) and no cadets reported any suicidal planning (0%) or attempts (0%). Lifetime suicide attempts were reported by (1.5%) of cadets.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The current results provide the first information describing the prevalence of suicidal ideation, planning, and attempts among RCMP cadets starting the CTP. The estimates of suicidal behaviours appear lower than the general population and lower than reports from serving RCMP. Higher prevalence estimates of suicidal behaviours reported by serving RCMP, relative to lower estimates among cadets starting the CTP in the current study, may be related to age, cumulative experiences or protracted exposures to operational and organizational stressors, rather than insufficient screening of recruits.</p>","PeriodicalId":55283,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Psychiatry-Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/20/99/10.1177_07067437221149469.PMC10585129.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10215854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Correlates of Military Sexual Trauma in Service Members and Veterans: Results From the 2018 Canadian Armed Forces Members and Veterans Mental Health Follow-up Survey.","authors":"Natalie Mota,&nbsp;Jordana L Sommer,&nbsp;Shay-Lee Bolton,&nbsp;Murray W Enns,&nbsp;Renée El-Gabalawy,&nbsp;Jitender Sareen,&nbsp;Mary Beth MacLean,&nbsp;Amy L Hall,&nbsp;Kerry Sudom,&nbsp;Stacey Silins,&nbsp;Bryan Garber,&nbsp;Tracie O Afifi","doi":"10.1177/07067437221125292","DOIUrl":"10.1177/07067437221125292","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Military sexual trauma (MST) is an ongoing problem. We used a 2002 population-based sample, followed up in 2018, to examine: (1) the prevalence of MST and non-MST in male and female currently serving members and veterans of the Canadian Armed Forces, and (2) demographic and military correlates of MST and non-MST.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data came from the 2018 Canadian Armed Forces Members and Veterans Mental Health Follow-up Survey (n = 2,941, ages 33 years + ). Individuals endorsing sexual trauma were stratified into MST and non-MST and compared to individuals with no sexual trauma. The prevalence of lifetime MST was computed, and correlates of sexual trauma were examined using multinomial regression analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall prevalence of MST was 44.6% in females and 4.8% in males. Estimates were comparable between currently serving members and veterans. In adjusted models in both sexes, MST was more likely among younger individuals (i.e., 33-49 years), and MST and non-MST were more likely in those reporting more non-sexual traumatic events. Among females, MST and non-MST were more likely in those reporting lower household income, non-MST was less likely among Officers, and MST was more likely among those with a deployment history and serving in an air environment. Unwanted sexual touching by a Canadian military member or employee was the most prevalent type and context of MST.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>A high prevalence of MST was observed in a follow-up sample of Canadian Armed Forces members and veterans. Results may inform further research as well as MST prevention efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":55283,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Psychiatry-Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/7c/1c/10.1177_07067437221125292.PMC10585130.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10566584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum in Lesage A, Courteau J, Brodeur S, et al. Urbanicity, Schizophrenia and Equitable Specialist Services Allocation. Can J Psychiatry. 2022;67(2):160-161. doi: 10.1177/07067437211040606. Epub 2021 Sep 6. PMID: 34482764; PMCID: PMC8892047.","authors":"Alain Lesage, Josiane Courteau, Alain Vanasse","doi":"10.1177/07067437231173818","DOIUrl":"10.1177/07067437231173818","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55283,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Psychiatry-Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10585134/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10217759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potentially Psychologically Traumatic Event Exposure Histories of new Royal Canadian Mounted Police Cadets.","authors":"Katie L Andrews,&nbsp;Laleh Jamshidi,&nbsp;Jolan Nisbet,&nbsp;Alain Brunet,&nbsp;Tracie O Afifi,&nbsp;Gordon J G Asmundson,&nbsp;Amber J Fletcher,&nbsp;Kirby Q Maguire,&nbsp;Taylor A Teckchandani,&nbsp;Lisa Lix,&nbsp;Shannon Sauer-Zavala,&nbsp;Jitender Sareen,&nbsp;Terence M Keane,&nbsp;J Patrick Neary,&nbsp;R Nicholas Carleton","doi":"10.1177/07067437221149467","DOIUrl":"10.1177/07067437221149467","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) report extremely frequent and varied exposures to potentially psychologically traumatic events (PPTEs). While occupational exposures to PPTEs may be one explanation for the symptoms of mental disorders prevalent among serving RCMP, exposures occurring prior to service may also play a role. The objective of the current study was to provide estimates of lifetime PPTE exposures among RCMP cadets in training and assess for associations with mental disorders or sociodemographic variables.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>RCMP cadets (<i>n</i>  =  772; 72.0% male) beginning the Cadet Training Program (CTP) completed a survey assessing self-reported PPTE exposures as measured by the Life Events Checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition-Extended. Binomial tests were conducted to compare the current results to previously collected data from the general population, a diverse sample of public safety personnel (PSP) and serving RCMP.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cadets reported statistically significantly fewer PPTE exposures for all PPTE types than serving RCMP (all <i>p'</i>s < 0.001) and PSP (all <i>p'</i>s < 0.001) but more PPTE exposures for all PPTE types than the general population (all <i>p'</i>s < 0.001). Cadets also endorsed fewer PPTE types (6.00  ±  4.47) than serving RCMP (11.64  ±  3.40; <i>p</i> < 0.001) and other PSP (11.08  ±  3.23) but more types than the general population (2.31  ±  2.33; <i>p</i> < 0.001). Participants who reported being exposed to any PPTE type reported the exposures occurred 1-5 times (29.1% of participants), 6-10 times (18.3%) or 10  +  times (43.1%) before starting the CTP. Several PPTE types were associated with positive screens for one or more mental disorders. There were associations between PPTE types and increased odds of screening positive for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and social anxiety disorder (SAD) (all <i>p's</i> < 0.05). Serious transport accident (11.1%), physical assault (9.5%) and sudden accidental death (8.4%) were the PPTEs most identified as the worst event, and all were associated with positive screens for one or more mental disorders.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current results provide the first information describing PPTE histories of cadets, evidencing exposure frequencies and types much higher than the general population. PPTE exposures may have contributed to the cadet's vocational choices. The current results support the growing evidence that PPTEs can be associated with diverse mental disorders; however, the results also suggest cadets may be uncommonly resilient, based on how few screened positive for mental disorders, despite reporting higher frequencies of PPTE exposures prior to CTP than the general population.</p>","PeriodicalId":55283,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Psychiatry-Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3d/e5/10.1177_07067437221149467.PMC10585132.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10583067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Meta-Research of Randomized Controlled Trials in the Field of Mental Health: Comparing Pharmacological to Non-Pharmacological Interventions from 1955 to 2020.","authors":"Sheng Chen, Alina Lee, Wei Wang","doi":"10.1177/07067437231154993","DOIUrl":"10.1177/07067437231154993","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to provide a general overview of mental health randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and summarize the temporal trends in terms of the number of studies, median sample sizes, and median effect sizes using data collected from the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data collected from the CDSR, the temporal trends are compared in terms of the number of studies, median sample sizes, and median effect sizes between two broad categories of interventions: pharmacological RCT (ph-RCT) and non-pharmacological RCT (nph-RCT), and in conjunction with major mental disorder categories.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Chronologically, the number of mental health RCTs reported in publications has increased exponentially from 1955 to 2020. While ph-RCT comprised a majority of mental health RCTs in the earlier years, the proportion of nph-RCTs increased more quickly over time and markedly exceeded ph-RCT after 2010. The median sample size for all 6,652 mental health RCTs was 61, with 61 for ph-RCT and 60 for nph-RCT. Over time, the median fluctuated but an increasing trend was observed over the past 60+ years. The median of the effect size, measured by Pearson's <i>r</i>, for overall RCTs was 0.18, and nph-RCT (0.19) had a larger median effect size compared to ph-RCT (0.16). Over the years, the nph-RCT had a larger median effect size than the ph-RCT. Differences in the median effect sizes among the categories of mental disorders were also noted. Schizophrenia had the most RCTs, with a median Pearson's <i>r</i> value of 0.17. Mood disorder had the second largest number of RCTs and a median Pearson's <i>r</i> value of 0.15. Neurotic/stress-related mental disorder had the third largest number of RCTs with the highest median Pearson's <i>r</i> being 0.23.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides meaningful information and filled the knowledge gap in mental health RCTs.</p>","PeriodicalId":55283,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Psychiatry-Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10585133/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10583069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiential Psychotherapy Training is Essential for Residents.","authors":"Renata M Villela, Jordan Bawks, Heather Weir, Doug Weir, Angela O Ho, Diana Kljenak, Yusra Ahmad, Shabbir Amanullah, Kenneth Fung, Lyndal Petit","doi":"10.1177/07067437231167806","DOIUrl":"10.1177/07067437231167806","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55283,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Psychiatry-Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10585128/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10217712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}