{"title":"Maximization of generated electric power in the TEG module at various heat exchange conditions","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/cpe.2020.136013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/cpe.2020.136013","url":null,"abstract":"Thermoelectric generators using the Seebeck effect to generate electricity are increasingly used in various areas of human activity, especially in cases where a cheap high-temperature heat source is available. Despite many advantages, TEG generators have one major disadvantage: very low efficiency of heat conversion into electrical power which strongly depends on the applied load resistance. There is a maximum of generated power between the short and the open circuit in which it is zero. That is why optimization of TEG modules is particularly important. In this paper a method of maximization of generated power in a single TEG module is presented for two cases. The first case concerns a problem with fixed heat flux flow into the hot side of the module whereas the second one concerns a problem with fixed heat transfer parameters in hot heat exchanger i.e. supply gas temperature and heat transfer coefficient. A number of optimization results performed for various values of these parameters are presented and discussed.","PeriodicalId":55267,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Process Engineering-Inzynieria Chemiczna I Procesowa","volume":"249 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135678744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The effect of capillary pumping on the course of cleaning porous materials containing liquid contaminants using supercritical fluids – A pore network study","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/cpe.2021.138935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/cpe.2021.138935","url":null,"abstract":"The role of capillary pumping on the course of cleaning porous materials containing liquid contaminants using supercritical fluids was investigated numerically. As a specific process to be modelled, cleaning of porous membranes, contaminated with soybean oil, using supercritical carbon dioxide as the cleaning fluid (solvent) was considered. A 3D pore-network model, developed as an extension of a 2D drying model, was used for performing pore scale simulations. The influence of various process parameters, including the coordination number of the pore network, the computational domain size, and the external flow mass transfer resistance, on the strength of the capillary pumping effect was investigated. The capillary pumping effect increases with increasing domain size and decreasing ex-ternal flow mass transfer resistance. For low coordination numbers of the pore network, the capillary pumping effect is not noticeable at macro scale, while for high coordination numbers, the opposite trend is observed – capillary pumping may influence the process at macro scale. In the investigated system, the coordination number of the pore network seems to be low, as no capillary pumping effects were observed at macro scale during experimental investigation and macro-scale modelling of the membrane cleaning process.","PeriodicalId":55267,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Process Engineering-Inzynieria Chemiczna I Procesowa","volume":"179 1‐2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135679376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Energetic efficiency of mixing in a periodically reoriented Dean flow","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/cpe.2021.138937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/cpe.2021.138937","url":null,"abstract":"The energetic efficiency of mixing is studied numerically in a continuous flow mixer constructed from a sequence of alternately twisted pipe bends. Counter-rotating vortices present in the curved channels and known as Dean vortices narrow the distribution of the residence time of fluid elements and accelerate the generation of a new material surface without obstructing the main flow and increasing the risk of fouling or flow stoppage. Cyclic twisting of the pipe curvature allows for quick reorientation of Dean vortices. The reorientation induces chaotic advection in a stable three-dimensional flow and speeds up mixing. The effect of computational domain discretisation for the low and medium Reynolds numbers (20 < Re < 2000 ) on the head loss, primary and secondary flow, residence time distribution, and the energetic efficiency of generation of the inter material surface is determined. The energetic efficiency is calculated in the time space, a standard approach in modelling reactive micromixing, and at the reactor exit. The maximum energetic efficiency is determined for Re ≈ 600 ÷ 700. It is also found that the initial orientation of the material surface to the pipe curvature has a significant impact on the energetic efficiency of mixing.","PeriodicalId":55267,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Process Engineering-Inzynieria Chemiczna I Procesowa","volume":"214 1‐2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135679694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kinga Rajewska, Anna Smoczkiewicz-Wojciechowska, Jerzy Majka
{"title":"Intensification of beech wood drying process using microwaves","authors":"Kinga Rajewska, Anna Smoczkiewicz-Wojciechowska, Jerzy Majka","doi":"10.24425/cpe.2019.126110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/cpe.2019.126110","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses the influence of the applied microwave power output on the intensification of drying in the context of process kinetics and product quality. The study involved testing samples of beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.). Wood samples were dried in the microwave chamber at: 168 W, 210 W, 273 W, 336 W and 378 W power output level. For comparison, wood was dried convectively at 40 ◦C and 87% air relative humidity. The analysis of drying process kinetics involved nonlinear regression employing the Gompertz model. Dried samples were subjected to static bending tests in order to specify the influence of the applied microwave power on modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rapture (MOR). The obtained correlations of results were verified statistically. Analysis of drying kinetics, strength test results and Tukey’s test showed that the applied microwaves of a relatively low level significantly shortened the drying time, but did not cause a reduction in the final quality of dried wood, compared with conventional drying.","PeriodicalId":55267,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Process Engineering-Inzynieria Chemiczna I Procesowa","volume":"19 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135544919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Power characteristics of inline rotor-stators with different head designs","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/cpe.2021.137343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/cpe.2021.137343","url":null,"abstract":"In-line rotor-stators are widely used for power intensive industrial applications, such as deagglomera-tion, emulsification. There is limited information on characteristic power numbers for different designs which can be used to calculate the average power input as a means to evaluate process performance. This study made use of 18 different rotor-stators, 17 of which were toothed designs with different geometry, and also a commercially available design, with the objectives of evaluating the applicability of different expressions for characteristic power numbers and establishing the effects of geometric variations on the power input. The expression 𝑃 = 𝑃𝑜 1 𝜌𝑁 3 𝐷 5 + 𝑃𝑜 2 𝜌𝑁 2 𝐷 2 𝑄 is found to account for the experimental data over a wide range of operating conditions. Rotor diameter was found to have the most prominent effect on the power input: an increase in rotor diameter from 119.6 to 123.34 mm resulted in an increase in the average power draw. The effect of rotor diameter examined with geometrically similar set ups reducing the diameter from 123.34 to 61.44 mm, for which the mixing chamber was also proportionately smaller, showed a decrease in the power input at a given speed and flowrate as well. The effects relating to the percentage of open area of the stator and number of rotor teeth were less obvious. Increasing the open area resulted in an increase in the power input – an effect which could be observed more clearly as the flowrate (1 to 4 l/s) and rotor speed (at 2000 and 3000 rpm) were also increased. Increasing the number of stator teeth increased the power input and this effect was more prominent when operating at the highest rotor speed of 3000 rpm and at low flowrates (1–2 l/s).","PeriodicalId":55267,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Process Engineering-Inzynieria Chemiczna I Procesowa","volume":"159 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135679216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High flow, low shear impellers versus high shear impellers; dispersion of oil drops in water and other examples","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/cpe.2021.137342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/cpe.2021.137342","url":null,"abstract":"Flow patterns generated by two ChemShear impellers, CS 2 and CS 4 have been measured and flow numbers calculated; Fl = 0 . 04 for both impellers. Transient and equilibrium drop sizes, 𝑑 32 μ m of 3 different viscosity silicone oils agitated by a high-shear Rushton turbine, RT, a low-shear, high-flow HE3 impeller and the two ChemShears were determined. The equilibrium 𝑑 32 are correlated for all impellers, by 𝑑 32 = 1300 ( 𝜀 𝑇 ) − 0 . 58 max.sv 𝑣 0 . 14 with an 𝑅 2 = 0 . 94. However, the time to reach steady state and the equilibrium size at the same specific power do not match the above descriptors of each impeller’s characteristics. In other literature, these descriptors are also misleading. In the case of mixing time, a high shear RT of the same size as a high flow HE3 requires the same time at the same specific power in vessels of 𝐻 / 𝑇 = 1. In bioprocessing, where concern for damage to cells is always present, free suspension animal cell culture with high shear RTs and low-shear impellers is equally effective; and with mycelial fermentations, damage to mycelia is greater with low shear than high. The problems with these descriptors have been known for some time but mixer manufacturers and ill-informed users and researchers continue to employ them.","PeriodicalId":55267,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Process Engineering-Inzynieria Chemiczna I Procesowa","volume":"202 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135679721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Special Issues of Chemical and Process Engineering In Memory of Professor Jerzy Bałdyga","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/cpe.2021.137340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/cpe.2021.137340","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55267,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Process Engineering-Inzynieria Chemiczna I Procesowa","volume":"3 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135679835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modified bentonite-derived materials as catalysts for selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/cpe.2019.130220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/cpe.2019.130220","url":null,"abstract":"In the last few years, cationic layered clays, including bentonites have been investigated as potential catalysts for SCR DeNOx systems. In this work, bentonite as the representative of layered clays was modified in order to obtain an alternative, low-cost NH3–SCR catalyst. Samples of raw clay were activated with HCl or HNO3, treated with C2H2O4 and subsequently pillared with alumina by the ionexchange. Afterwards, the modified materials were impregnated with iron and copper. The obtained catalysts were characterized by XRD and FT-IR. SCR catalytic tests carried out over analyzed samples indicated the conversion of NO of approximately 90% for the most active sample. The type of acid used for modification and the type of active phase strongly influenced the catalytic properties of the analyzed materials.","PeriodicalId":55267,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Process Engineering-Inzynieria Chemiczna I Procesowa","volume":"225 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135679919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Verification of models of gas bubble break-up caused by eddies generated by a self-aspirating disk impeller","authors":"J. Stelmach, Radosław Musowski","doi":"10.24425/CPE.2019.130222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/CPE.2019.130222","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a photographic analysis of the break-up of gas bubbles flowing out of the outlets of a self-aspirating disk impeller. It was found that bubbles detached from the interfacial surface most often disintegrate to form several daughter bubbles. Further in the work, the population balance model was verified for several formulas describing the bubble break-up rate. It has been found that a good fit to the experimental data is provided by the formula given by Laakkonen for 5 daughter bubbles. The possibility of using the Monte Carlo method to model the bubble break-up process was also determined. For this method, a good agreement of results was achieved for the division into a maximum of 10 daughter bubbles. In the case of this method it was also found necessary to use the function of break-up frequency at a higher rate for smaller bubbles.","PeriodicalId":55267,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Process Engineering-Inzynieria Chemiczna I Procesowa","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68947603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marwa Saad, A. Białas, Przemysław Grzywacz, C. Czosnek, Bogdan Samojeden, M. Motak
{"title":"Selective catalytic reduction of NO with ammoniaat low temperature over Cu-promotedand N-modified activated carbon","authors":"Marwa Saad, A. Białas, Przemysław Grzywacz, C. Czosnek, Bogdan Samojeden, M. Motak","doi":"10.24425/CPE.2019.130223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/CPE.2019.130223","url":null,"abstract":"Catalytic properties of activated carbons oxidized, treated with N-compounds, and promoted with copper were studied in selective catalytic reduction NOX by ammonia (NH3-SCR). The modification of the catalysts consisted of a series of steps (pre-oxidation of activated carbon, impregnation with urea, impregnation with copper). The physicochemical properties of the obtained samples were determined using X-ray diffraction, FT-IR spectroscopy, and low-temperature N2 sorption. The modification with copper improved the catalytic activity and stability of the catalysts. All the functionalized carbon doped with copper reached more than 90% of NO conversion and CO2 did not exceed 240 ppm at 220 ◦C. The sample doped with 5 wt.% Cu had the maximum NO conversion of 98% at 300 ◦C. The maximum N2O concentration detected for the same sample was only 55 ppm, which confirmed its selectivity.","PeriodicalId":55267,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Process Engineering-Inzynieria Chemiczna I Procesowa","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68947610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}