Dendrobiology最新文献

{"title":"Growth drivers of monumental wild service tree (Sorbus torminalis) out of its natural range in Kyiv, Ukraine","authors":"Y. Prokopuk, O. Leshcheniuk, M. Sukhomlyn, R. Matiashuk, V. Budzhak, M. Netsvetov","doi":"10.12657/denbio.087.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12657/denbio.087.012","url":null,"abstract":"Wild service tree (Sorbus torminalis) is a rare, endangered, relict species, that is protected by law in many European countries. Outside the species distribution range, the trees are usually planted in botan­ical gardens, parks, arboretums, and at the roadside. Such old introduced trees are an important source of knowledge about species’ acclimation process and current growth-limiting factors in the new environment. In Kyiv, the oldest live S. torminalis trees have been planted in botanical gardens and arboretums after the 1950s. In addition, some trees of this species are preserved in front of the historical building Liberman’s mansion, but the year of their planting remains unknown. Regarding dendroclimatological investigations of this species are scarce and have been provided only in Central European forests, a detailed analysis of the species growth-to-climate relationships should be performed not only the species’ natural range but also in its secondary ranges. In this article, we studied three S. torminalis trees in a historical place in Kyiv to determine their age and evaluate environmental conditions driving the growth of this rare species out of its natural range in Kyiv. To reach our goal we used the dendrochronological approaches, i.e. tree-ring dating, partial correlation analysis using stationary and moving time windows. Our results showed that S. torminalis trees were planted after the last building owner S. Liberman’s death (1917). The studied trees are the oldest of known alive S. torminalis trees in Kyiv. Dendroclimatological re­sults revealed S. torminalis is sensitive to higher air temperature and moisture excess in the period of wood formation in Kyiv. S. torminalis trees at 2 Bankova Street are the oldest species examples in Kyiv and have important historical, cultural, and scientific values. S. torminalis species could be widely used in urban forestry, particularly in regions with projected soil moisture shortening.","PeriodicalId":55182,"journal":{"name":"Dendrobiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41499900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of spermidine on germination of Salix spp. after storage under controlled conditions","authors":"M. Wawrzyniak, J. Ley-López, Joanna Kijowska-Oberc, P. Chmielarz, E. Ratajczak","doi":"10.12657/denbio.087.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12657/denbio.087.010","url":null,"abstract":"Willows produce fast germinating and short-lived seeds, difficult to store in the long-term under controlled conditions. The aim of this study was to examine the feasibility of storage of three Salix spp. at controlled temperatures (3°, −10°, −196 °C). We also analyzed the effect of spermidine (Spd) as an antioxidant factor in desiccated seeds. Collected seeds were either desiccated or hydrated to obtain 10 levels of moisture content (between app. 4% and 2%) and subjected to storage at temperatures 3°, −10°, or −196 °C (liquid nitrogen; LN). After two months, seeds were germinated on the light at 20 °C. Seeds desiccated below a safe range of moisture content were further tested and germinated on filter paper with additions of 0.25 mM Spd solution. After 7 days seedlings were examined for hydrogen peroxide content (H2O2) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Fresh seeds of three Salix species: Persian willow (S. aegyptiaca L.), heartleaf willow (S. cordata Michx.) and crack willow (S. ×fragilis L.) were successfully stored at temperature −10° and −196 °C for two months. After cryopreservation seed of S. aegyptiaca, S. cordata, and S. ×fragilis germinated without viability loss in moisture content ranging from 4.4–15.9%, 6.4–18.5%, and 7.1–11.5% respectively. The addition of Spd during germination of desiccated seed did not affect germination capacity. However, seedlings of S. aegyptiaca had lower hydrogen peroxide content in comparison with control (germination on water). Seedlings of S. cordata showed an increase in hydrogen peroxide content in control after storing in LN. In seedlings of Crack willow Spd increased hydrogen peroxide content. Seeds of tested species differ in response to storage conditions. Salix seeds can be stored successfully for two months at −10° or −196 °C without losing viability in the safe range of moisture content. Storing at 3 °C can be used for storage in the narrower range of seeds’ moisture content, however, seedlings stored at this temperature produce a higher level of reactive oxygen species. Germinating seeds in Spd did not increase their germination, however in S. aegyptiaca and S. cordata decreased hydrogen peroxide content","PeriodicalId":55182,"journal":{"name":"Dendrobiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48795456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of organic supplementation to reduced rates of chemical fertilization on soil fertility of Zanthoxylum armatum","authors":"Tahseen Saba, Wanlin Liu, Jing-yan Wang, Fariha Saleem, Xikun Kang, W. Hui, W. Gong, Hebiao Li","doi":"10.12657/denbio.087.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12657/denbio.087.009","url":null,"abstract":"Soil acidification, fertility depletion, food insecurity, and environmental pollution all are con­sequences of the extensive use of chemical fertilizers (CF) in intensively managed plantations. Recent studies have shown that incorporating organic manure (OM) to partially replace CF can help to maintain productivity and soil health. There are no reports on integrated fertilizer management of Zanthoxylum ar­matum, for optimal ecological services and economic profitability. A pot experiment with Z. armatum was performed to investigate the possibility of incorporating OM in reducing CF use, enhancing soil fertility, and increasing plant growth. For this, seven treatments were designed: NPK, PK, NP, NK, OM, MNPK (50%NPK+50%OM), and control (CK, no fertilizer application). The results showed that NPK application significantly (P < 0.05) increased plant growth, soil nitrate-N, ammonium-N and available K compared to CK. However conventional CF application induced soil acidification. OM application raised the soil pH from 5.50 (CK) to 6.58 and significantly enhanced soil fertility by increasing alkali-hydrolysable N (2.3 times), ammonium-N (1.4 times), available P (4.3 times), the activity of invertase (1.5 times), catalase (2.8 times), acid phosphatase (1.5 times), and count of soil culturable microbes (2.9 times) compared to CK. Conversely, sole OM application did not result in optimum plant growth. Integrating OM with NPK (MNPK), on the other hand, not only provided the highest growth comprehensive value (0.84), but also substantially higher soil fertility comprehensive value (0.71) than traditional CF treatments. Correlation analysis also indicated a positive and significant correlation between soil microbes, enzyme activities and available nutrients. Therefore, OM+NPK could be an optimum measure to get maximum benefits regard­ing soil fertility, growth of Z. armatum, fertilizer savings and sustainable agroecology.","PeriodicalId":55182,"journal":{"name":"Dendrobiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42012230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thuja ×soeegaardii (Cupressaceae) – a new name for an old hybrid","authors":"P. Kosiński, D. Tomaszewski, J. Zieliński","doi":"10.12657/denbio.087.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12657/denbio.087.008","url":null,"abstract":"Thuja ×soeegaardii, a hybrid of Th. plicata Donn ex D.Don and Th. standishii (Gordon) Carrière, is described as a new nothospecies from the Kórnik Arboretum, Poland, based on plants obtained in 1988 from the Botanical Garden in Gothenburg, Sweden. The hybrid was found for the first time at the Hørsholm Arboretum, Denmark, in 1938, among seedlings grown from seeds collected from Thuja standishii. Plants grown from rooted scions of this hybrid were planted in several places within the Hørsholm Arboretum. Soon, the hybrid plants were gifted to the Botanical Gardens in Copenhagen and Gothenburg as well to the Poulsen’s Plant Nursery in Kvistgård. In 1967 seedlings were sent from Kvistgård to the National Ar­boretum in Washington, where one of them developed into a particularly showy, lush and vigorous plant characterized by a dense, narrow, conical crown. The offspring obtained from rooted scions turned out to be very drought and wind-resistant, especially suitable for the formation of tall hedges and windbreak screens. This plant, now very widespread in cultivation, especially in the United States, goes by the name of Thuja ‘Green Giant’. In terms of morphology, many features of Th. ×soeegaardii are intermediate as compared to the parent species. From the Th. plicata, it differs by the following characteristics: leaves not or only weakly shining above, lateral leaves with inwardly curved (not straight) apices, the apical part of lower central leaves thickened and slightly bent from the stem (not appressed), glands on central leaves only weakly vis­ible, central leaves of primary shoots acuminate (not long acuminate) and seed wings sparsely papillose in the upper part (only rarely smooth). From Th. standishii, it can be distinguished by the less glaucous upper leaf surface, the less protruding apical part of lower central leaves, at least faintly visible glands on central leaves, acuminate (not acute) central leaves of primary shoots and less distinctly papillose upper part of seed wings.","PeriodicalId":55182,"journal":{"name":"Dendrobiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48291944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of environmental factors and management on dynamics of mixed calcareous forests under climate change in Central European lowlands","authors":"K. Vančura, Michaela Šimková, Z. Vacek, S. Vacek, Josef Gallo, Václav Šimůnek, V. Podrázský, I. Štefančík, Vojtěch Hájek, A. Prokůpková, Ivo Králíček","doi":"10.12657/denbio.087.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12657/denbio.087.006","url":null,"abstract":"Mixed lowland forests reserved for natural succession are sparse in the Czech Republic. However, their development provides essential insights into the natural processes of these forests and recommendations for forest management in a changing climate. The research describes the dynamics, productivity, structure, diversity, dead wood, and radial growth of hornbeam-oak groves and calcareous beech-dominated forests in the Karlštejn National Nature Reserve (Czechia) based on inventory in 2002, 2008, 2014 and 2020. The objective was to evaluate changes in differently managed stands (high forest, coppice with standards, and coppice) after leaving the stands to spontaneous development in 2004. The tree density increased by 2–10% from 2002 to 2014 and decreased by 6–18% in 2020. In the high forest, an increase in the stand volume was observed during the whole period, while in the coppice with standards and coppice, only until 2014. The stand volume ranged from 190 (coppice) to 630 (high forest) m³ ha−1 in 2020 and increased by an average of 28% over 18 years. Overall diversity of tree layer showed an uneven structure in the high forest and a substantially diverse structure in the other variants. The deadwood volume has been steadily increasing (18–35 m³ ha−1 in 2020), accumulating an average of 1 m³ ha−1 yr−1. A lack of precipitation and high temperatures from June to August were the main limiting factors of the radial growth of tree species, while the number of negative pointer years has increased in the last decade. European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) was the most sensitive tree species to climate compared to the resilient European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.). The lowest fluctuations in the diameter increment were recorded in Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.) and the highest in beech in the temperature cycles of 7–15 years. Over the last 20 years, sessile oak [Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.] showed an increase in radial growth by 7%, while other tree species reported a decrease with a maximum in beech (by −38%). The forest stands managed as high forest, characterized by a higher production potential and lower diversity, had slower dynamics when compared to coppice with standards and coppice.","PeriodicalId":55182,"journal":{"name":"Dendrobiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45543168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contrasting foliar and soil nutrients responses to drought induced crown dieback in a Quercus brantii forest","authors":"A. Hosseini, S. Hosseini","doi":"10.12657/denbio.087.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12657/denbio.087.007","url":null,"abstract":"Evidence has shown that drought-induced crown dieback has significant interaction with soil-plant water and nutrients relationships, but there isn’t sufficient knowledge of the water and nutrients connections in declining Persian oak (Quercus brantii) trees. To investigate the relationships between crown dieback and leaf nutrients concentrations, leaf water content, soil nutrients concentrations and soil mois­ture, one of the dieback affected stands was selected. This stand was located in Shalam forested area in northern Ilam province, west of Iran. Persian oak trees were evaluated using a crown dieback classification and divided into four classes with four replicates based on the severity of crown dieback. Sampling from leaves of trees and soil was implemented randomly in four sides of tree crown in August. Trees with mod­erate to severe declining showed reduced leaf water content (WC) and reduced relative leaf water content (RWC). Leaf N and P concentration of declining trees was significantly (p-value <0.05) more than that of healthy trees. The leaf K concentration of declining trees was significantly (p-value <0.10) more than that of the healthy. The leaf N:P amounts of oak trees was statistically different among crown dieback classes. But no significant differences was observed between the healthy and declining trees in terms of soil N, P, K, Ca and Mg concentrations and soil moisture. It was concluded that drought has effects on the nutrients status in the leaves of Persian oak trees and their changing in the declining trees is for resistance to drought condition, improving water use efficiency and possibly performance of vital activities.","PeriodicalId":55182,"journal":{"name":"Dendrobiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41607885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Black poplar establishment on alluvial bars: seed rain homogeneity over a few kilometres","authors":"L. Mazal, D. Corenblit, B. Fumanal, I. Till-Bottraud","doi":"10.12657/denbio.087.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12657/denbio.087.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55182,"journal":{"name":"Dendrobiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42111053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Syntaxonomy and ecology of thermophilous deciduous open woodlands and scrub vegetation in Tajikistan (Middle Asia)","authors":"A. Nowak, M. Nobis, S. Nowak, M. Kotowski, Ewelina Klichowska, A. Nobis, S. Świerszcz","doi":"10.12657/denbio.087.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12657/denbio.087.004","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present the first syntaxonomic classification for the thermophilous open wood and scrub vegetation in Tajikistan with some remarks on its environmental gradients. Altogether 143 relevés were sampled between 2014–2021 using the seven-degree cover-abundance scale of Braun-Blanquet. They were classified by the modified TWINSPAN method with the use of the four step interval scale with cutoff levels of 0%, 2%, 5% and 10% and total inertia as a measure of cluster heterogeneity. Diagnostic species were identified using the phi coefficient as a fidelity measure. Detrended Correspondence Analysis was used to determine the relation between samples, vegetation units and the major gradients in species composition. Plant communities have been divided into three main groups: (1) dry scrub on screes, (2) mesophilous scrubs in nemoral zone, and (3) open woods. A new class of Pistacietea khinjuki-verae has been proposed for open woods. Further classification of vegetation data resulted in the distinction of four plant communities within two provisional alliances: Roseion kokanicae and Ranunculo tenuilobi-Cotoneasterion hissaricae (commu­nities of Rosa kokanica and R. ecae, associations of Aveno ludovicianae-Rhuidetum coriariae and Calophacetum grandiflorae). Additionally, we established the Pistacion verae alliance for the pistachio groves of Middle Asia with two subassociations: Pistacietum verae typicum and Pistacietum verae cercidetosum griffithii. The main fac­tors determining the species composition of the studied communities are: elevation, temperature, precipi­tation, slope and aspect. Our research showed that the Pistacia groves are a distinct vegetation typical of the Irano-Turanian area and that further surveys are needed to present a final classification of scrub vegetation of Tajikistan.","PeriodicalId":55182,"journal":{"name":"Dendrobiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43472632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global transcriptome analysis reveals genes associated with seedling advance growth traits in a selfed family of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata)","authors":"Houyin Deng, Dehuo Hu, Ruping Wei, Shu-mo Yan, Runhui Wang, Huiquan Zheng","doi":"10.12657/denbio.087.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12657/denbio.087.003","url":null,"abstract":"Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.) is a major timber conifer species in southern China. In this study, we aimed to capture the rarely advanced phenomenon for selfing in this species and illustrated the underlying molecular mechanism, especially the hub gene-regulated networks and path­ways, by global transcriptome analysis assays (RNA-Seq). Self-pollination trials revealed a wide variation of selfing effects among parents. Parent cx569 produced a selfed family with the best growth performance at the seedling stage. The growth-based extremely advanced (AD) (n=3) and depressed (DE) variants (n=3; different types) were then subjected to comparative RNA-Seq. The transcriptome data revealed more than 5000 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for each comparison group (AD versus DE). Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) further identified more than 80 important DEGs that were significantly associated with growth traits in each comparison group. A subsequent enrichment analy­sis showed that the identified DEGs belonged to six main types, including xylem metabolism-related, sugar and energy metabolism-related, plant hormone signal transduction-related, stress response-related, cytochrome-related, and transcription factor genes. Ten hub genes represented by the ERF071, MYB-relate 305, WRKY6, WRKY31, PER3, LAC4, CESA8, CESA9, GID1, and PR1 genes were co-identified between AD and DE variants. These genes exhibited rather different expression patterns between AD and DE variants, especially of the transcription factor ERF071 gene that presented a low transcript level in the AD seedlings with only 4.45% activity compared to DE's. While, the plant hormone signal transduction GID1 gene was significantly upregulated in AD by about 20-fold when compared to DE's, and fold change of the lignin biosynthesis-related PER3, CESA9 and LAC4 gene expression parallel reached to 10–15 times in an upreg­ulation pattern in AD seedlings. The set of hub gene-linked interaction networks and pathways revealed in this study may be responsible for the rarely advanced phenomenon for selfing at the seedling stage in Chinese fir.","PeriodicalId":55182,"journal":{"name":"Dendrobiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46711453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular phylogenetic analysis resolving the taxonomic discrepancies among Salix L. species naturally found in Turkey","authors":"Pelin Acar, F. Değirmenci, H. Duman, Z. Kaya","doi":"10.12657/denbio.087.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12657/denbio.087.002","url":null,"abstract":"Detailed phylogenetic relationships and molecular dating are still quite rare for the complex and diverse genus Salix L. Here we focus on the taxonomic status and phylogeny of twenty-six Salix taxa natu­rally found in Turkey using the chloroplast DNA regions (trn T-F, matK, and rbcL) to unravel the relationship among them. The status of Salix species was also checked in the phylogenetic tree constructed with the data from Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region of nuclear gene, including 158 accessions from the GenBank and 126 newly generated sequences of 26 Salix taxa (24 species) naturally found in Turkey. The phyloge­netic analysis of the sequence data from both the chloroplast (cpDNA) and nuclear (nrDNA) DNA regions enabled a reliable classification of the genus at the subgeneric level (Salix and Vetrix) with high posterior probability/ bootstrap values as 1/100. The study provides important information on the Salix phylogenetic placements and diverging times of S. pentandroides, S.apoda, S. armenorossica, S. pseudomedemii, S. pedicellata subsp. pedicellata, S. pseudodepressa, S. amplexicaulis, two subspecies of S.triandra, and two endemic species of Turkey (S. purpurea subsp. leucodermis and S. rizeensis) for the first time. Taxonomically, S. amplexicaulis and S. rizeensis previously classified under the subgenus Vetrix were clustered phylogenetically under the subgenus Salix. Subgenera Salix species appears to be diverged from the subg. Vetrix in Eocene (ca. 45.1 Mya) while the estimated divergence times of subg. Salix and subg. Vetrix dated back to 23.1 and 21.65 Mya, respective­ly. However, divergence times among species within Salix and Vetrix subgenera of Turkey seem to be around the Pliocene period. Molecular phylogenetic relationship between Salix species native to Turkey and Salix species from the world were mainly associated with taxonomic hierarchy, rather than geographic proximity.","PeriodicalId":55182,"journal":{"name":"Dendrobiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43379229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}