Dendrobiology最新文献

{"title":"Population dynamics of Pentaclethra macroloba, a hyperdominant tree in the Amazon River estuary","authors":"Adelson Rocha Dantas, Leonardo Pequeno Reis, Marcelino Carneiro Guedes, A. C. Lira‐Guedes, Ana Lícia Patriota Feliciano, Luiz Carlos Marangon","doi":"10.12657/denbio.090.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12657/denbio.090.010","url":null,"abstract":"Pentaclethra macroloba is a hyperdominant tree of the Amazon estuary and highly exploited in the region, because the oil of its seeds has medicinal properties. Little is known about the influence of the flood polymodal cycle on the population dynamics of trees in the Amazon estuary. We evaluated the influence of tree diversity, climate, soil properties and flood level on the population dynamics of P. macroloba. During five years of monitoring (from 2011 to 2015), population density and mortality, recruitment and growth rates data were obtained of three populations of P. macroloba (Mazagão Velho, Maracá and Ajuruxi areas). Four transects were used in each area and 20 permanent plots were installed in each transect to study the population dynamics. Linear models were used to evaluate the relationship between biotic/abiotic factors and population density of P. macroloba. The population density of the three populations analyzed showed a significant decrease between the period from 2011 to 2015 (F = 381.3; p < 0.001). The Maracá area had a higher mortality rate (4.50% year−1) compared to Mazagão Velho (3.24% year−1) and Ajuruxi (1.96% year−1). The recruitment rate in Ajuruxi and Mazagão Velho were 1.05% year−1 and 0.32% year−1, respectively, and in Maracá there were no recruits. Annual growth rate of the Maraca area was higher (0.93 cm−1 year−1) compared to Ajuruxi (0.75 cm−1 year−1) and Mazagão Velho (0.65 cm−1 year−1) populations. The flood level had a negative and significant correlation with the population density of P. macroloba in the Maracá (F = 39.7; p < 0.01), Ajuruxi (F = 9.9; p < 0.05) and Mazagão Velho (F = 19.6; p < 0.05) areas. Only the Ajuruxi area had a positive and significant correlation with arboreal richness (β = 0.14; p < 0.05). The flood gradient is an environmental driver that regulates the population growth of P. macroloba. The hyperdominant characteristic of this species is the result of its adaptability and interactions between soil fertility and tree diversity.","PeriodicalId":55182,"journal":{"name":"Dendrobiology","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139255136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Among the trees: shade promotes the growth and higher survival of juvenile toads","authors":"Mikołaj Kaczmarski, Łukasz Dylewski, Tomasz Maliński, Piotr Tryjanowski","doi":"10.12657/denbio.090.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12657/denbio.090.009","url":null,"abstract":"getation, including trees, significantly shapes microhabitats for amphibians due to the leaf litter input, providing stable shelter, creating a microclimate or indirectly through trophic interactions. It is known that some species can survive in a highly modified urban environment. Species associated with open space can find stable habitats in urban and human-transformed areas, but is the impact of shading (presence of canopy cover) significant in their case? We focus on the effect of solar exposure on the growth rate of juvenile green toads Bufotes viridis in fruit and canopy manipulation treatments. The main aim of the study was to examine the selected habitat traits promoting post-metamorphic growth of the green toad in semi-open enclosures. We investigated differences between exposure/land cover variants, i.e., sunny site (open area with direct solar exposure) and shadow site (shady site with a tree canopy cover). Using imitation fruits and real cherry plum Prunus cerasifera fruits (non-native tree species), we checked wheth­er amphibian growth is related to the additional structure that fruit lying on the ground created (a more heterogeneous surface structure) or to a trophic character (additional food source due to attracting inver­tebrates). We conducted a 40-day rearing experiment in three variants with two replications in semi-open enclosures with 20 juvenile toads each. We found differences in snout-vent length and body mass index in­vestigated due to site exposure during post-metamorphic growth. The survival rate of juvenile toads in the shaded site was higher than in sunny sites. We demonstrated a positive effect of the tree’s shade, regardless of the fleshy fruit’s presence on the ground. Toads benefit from developing at sites with reduced solar ex­posure (i.e., with a tree canopy), resulting in intensive growth and higher survival rate. Thus, there is an opportunity for planners and urban authorities to manage habitats for amphibian conservation purposes by creating a shaded zone, even for open habitat species, especially in transformed areas such as cities. Our results indicate that the beneficial effect of the lying fruit on the growth of juveniles is limited to specific conditions, and understanding this requires further research.","PeriodicalId":55182,"journal":{"name":"Dendrobiology","volume":"4 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139274158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting the taxonomy of Populus lasiocarpa × P. wilsonii hybrids","authors":"Mateusz Korbik, Piotr Kosiński","doi":"10.12657/denbio.090.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12657/denbio.090.007","url":null,"abstract":"Although hybrids between Populus lasiocarpa and P. wilsonii have been known for many years, they have not been given a valid nothospecies name. Resolving the classification issue of these bigleaf poplars is now even more necessary because they are known not only from cultivation, but recent evidence confirms their spontaneous occurrence in Hubei Province, China (Zhang, unpublished information). The two species were first artificially crossed in 1956 in Poland and again independently in 1974 in Sweden. Initially, this taxon was described as P. ×wilsocarpa (Bartkowiak &amp; Bugała, 1978). However, this name was invalid due to the lack of Latin diagnosis (which was required at that time) and lack of type designation. In 1996, Böcker and Koltzenburg proposed the name P. ×kornicensis for this hybrid, but it too was invalid for similar reasons and lack of description. In our work, we revisited these poplars and validated the name proposed by Böcker and Koltzenburg by providing a description and type designation. Considering the overall appearance of these hybrid poplars (silhouette, branching pattern), they bear a closer resemblance to P. wilsonii. Other analyzed morphological features are mostly intermediate compared to the parent species, but overall, they lean slightly more towards P. lasiocarpa. We highlight the main diagnostic characteristics that distinguish these species.","PeriodicalId":55182,"journal":{"name":"Dendrobiology","volume":"2021 19","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135635474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ophiostomatatoid fungi (Ascomycota) associated with Ips acuminatus (Coleoptera) in eastern Poland","authors":"Robert Jankowiak, Piotr Bilański, Oskar Trąbka, Regina Hulbój, Stephen Joshua Taerum","doi":"10.12657/denbio.090.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12657/denbio.090.008","url":null,"abstract":"Ips acuminatus (Coleoptera, Scolytinae) is a pine-infesting bark beetle that occurs throughout Europe and Asia. Recently, the insect has killed numerous Scots pines (Pinus sylvestris) in eastern Poland. Several species of ophiostomatoid fungi are associated with I. acuminatus in Europe, but no research has been done on the fungi associated with this bark beetle in Central Europe specifically. The aim of this study was to identify the ophiostomatoid fungal associates of I. acuminatus in eastern Poland, where tree mortality caused by this beetle species has recently increased. Field surveys in Puławy and Mircze Forest Districts yielded a total of 2 269 fungal isolates from 237 beetles and 204 beetle galleries. Isolates were grouped based on morphology and representatives of each group were identified based on DNA sequences of the ITS, LSU, β-tubulin, calmodulin and elongation factor 1-α gene regions. A total of seven previously described species of ophiostomatoid fungi were identified. The dominant species were Graphilbum acuminatum and Sporothrix pseudoabietina. This study revealed that the community of ophiostomatoid fungi associated with I. acuminatus in Poland is different from those reported in other regions of Europe. In addition, molecular data suggest that S. pseudoabietina is a synonym of S. villosa in the Sporothrix gossypina &amp; S. stenoceras species complexes.","PeriodicalId":55182,"journal":{"name":"Dendrobiology","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135636465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a SNaPshot assay for the genotyping of organellar SNPs in four closely related pines","authors":"Sebastian Szczepański, Bartosz Łabiszak, Witold Wachowiak","doi":"10.12657/denbio.090.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12657/denbio.090.006","url":null,"abstract":"Mitochondrial (mtDNA) and chloroplast (cpDNA) polymorphisms are valuable resources to study past demographic changes, phylogenetics and evolution, especially in forest tree species, where these genomes are haploid and uniparentally transferred. The organellar markers were usually scored separately using direct sequencing or PCR-based approaches, which can be time-consuming and expensive, especially in large-scale population genetics research. In this study, we developed an efficient and cost-effective SNaPshot assay for genotyping preselected ­mtDNA and cpDNA polymorphism in four closely related pine species including Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and three taxa from the Pinus mugo complex. We validated the method by genotyping the samples derived from 12 populations of the species from their wide geographical distribution range in Europe. The results proved high accuracy of the method with a genotyping success rate of 99.7%. The set of assayed markers shows significant genetic variation. By using multiplex SNaPshot assay, we provided an efficient and sensitive molecular tool for intra- and interspecific genetic analyses. The presented protocol is useful for fast and relatively cheap SNP genotyping of organelle genome of closely related pine species. The assayed SNPs allow studying the species discrimination and detailed investigations of their population history and structure. Given its numerous benefits and efficient genotyping rate, the SNaPshot method appears to be a valuable and practical resource for studying the genetic makeup of forest tree species. Particularly, it proves to be advantageous for population genetics.","PeriodicalId":55182,"journal":{"name":"Dendrobiology","volume":"6 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136312505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Niche modelling suggests low feasibility of assisted gene flow for a Neogene relict tree, Castanea sativa Mill.","authors":"Berika Beridze, Katarzyna Sękiewicz, Łukasz Walas, Irina Danelia, Vahid Farzaliyev, Giorgi Kvartskhava, Janusz Szmyt, Monika Dering","doi":"10.12657/denbio.090.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12657/denbio.090.005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: As many tree species populations are being degraded by climate change, adaptive conservation, and forest management, such as assisted gene flow (AGF), can provide the genetic variation needed to adapt to climate change. The core of this strategy is to assist the adaptation process in populations at risk of climate maladaptation by introducing individuals with beneficial alleles to cope with expected climate changes. Castanea sativa Mill. (sweet chestnut) is an essential component of natural forests in the Mediterranean and Caucasian regions, with a long history of cultivation. Current climate change may seriously threaten the long-term persistence of the species, particularly in the Caucasus region, where the largest range reductions are predicted. Here, we used Species Distribution Models (SDMs) to assess the feasibility of AGF in European and Caucasian populations of Castanea sativa. Bioclimatic variables for present (1981–2010) and future (2071–2100) conditions were obtained from the CHELSA climate database. The final models of future species ranges were averaged across three climate models (IPSL-CM6A-LR, MPIESM1-2-HR and UKESM1-0-L) and three climate change scenarios – SSP1-2.6, SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5. There are marked differences in the climatic niches of the Iberian, Alpine-Apennine, Balkan, and Caucasian populations, with significant implications for AGF. The most suitable European areas for the Caucasian populations were found only in the Adriatic region. The Iberian populations were not compatible with the predicted future climate in the Caucasus in any of the scenarios tested. Suitable areas for Alpine-Apennine populations within the AGF strategy were predicted in the Colchic lowlands, the eastern Pontic mountains and the Hyrcanian forests in the SSP1-2.6 and SSP3-7.0 climate change scenarios. In contrast, the Balkan populations would be compatible at most with the western Pontic mountains and, to a lesser extent, with the Hyrcanian forests. According to the most damaging climate scenario SSP5-8.5, the potential of AGF in the Caucasus with Alpine-Apennine and Balkan populations could be very limited. Our study showed limited applicability of AGF for Castanea sativa between the European and Caucasian populations due to low climate match. Genomic modelling is needed to fully assess the feasibility of this strategy in the species.","PeriodicalId":55182,"journal":{"name":"Dendrobiology","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136253502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation of biochemical content in the almonds of the endemic Argan tree (Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels) populations in Morocco","authors":"Sezgin Ayan, Gülbahar Abdaloğlu, Said Laaribya, Nezahat Turfan, Esra Nurten Yer Çelik, Halim Ouhaddou, Assmaa Alaoui","doi":"10.12657/denbio.090.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12657/denbio.090.004","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, it was aimed to determine the variation of the biochemical characteristics of the argan [Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels] in natural distribution areas in Morocco. For this aim, it was used 13 populations, which are representative of the taxon on different sub-ecoregion in Morocco, to determine some biochemical compositions characters such as malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), proline, protein, flavonoid, phenol, glucose, sucrose, fructose, enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) were analyzed. To determine variations among the population were analyzed using ANOVA. In addition, the phylogenetic relationship among the populations was revealed by Cluster Analysis. As a result of the research, significant differences were determined in terms of all parameters such as proline, protein, flavonoid, phenol, glucose, sucrose, fructose, MDA, H2O2, SOD, and POD of almond diversity among the populations. According to the Cluster Analysis, the results showed that the Tamanar population was relatively different from all other populations. The results obtained in the research confirm the high variety of different habitats in the natural distribution areas of argan in Morocco. The revealing of the diversity among the populations in the natural distribution area of this extremely degraded species is of primary importance for the conservation policies and sustainable use of the species.","PeriodicalId":55182,"journal":{"name":"Dendrobiology","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135734979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Considering both sexual and clonal reproduction could help loosen the conflict of use over Robinia pseudoacacia","authors":"Xavier P. Bouteiller, Matheus Bussolo, Raphaël Ségura, Stéphanie Mariette, Annabel J. Porté","doi":"10.12657/denbio.090.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12657/denbio.090.002","url":null,"abstract":"Black locust (Robinia pseudocacacia) is a widely planted tree for wood production; however, it is a very problematic invasive species through Europe. At local scale, this tree is able to invades adjacent ecosystems owing to its strong ability of asexual reproduction through root suckers. Due to this phenomenon, the role of sexual reproduction has been quite neglected at local scale. Here, we propose a double approach (i) to evaluate the ability of the species to develop under forest cover using French national forest inventory data (ii) to quantify the role of sexual and asexual reproduction at local scale using a simple visual assessment method. We evidenced that juvenile black locust regenerates in broadleaved forests where R. pseudoacacia did not contribute to the adult canopy; moreover, a significant higher presence in riparian forests relatively to non-riparian ones was demonstrated using national forest inventory data. Regeneration from sexual reproduction mode significantly contributes to local scale invasion (38% of the up-rooted juvenile plants) with a significantly higher ratio of sexual reproduction within oak dominated forests compared to pine dominated ones. We conclude that black locust forestry should consider that both reproduction modes contribute to the species natural regeneration and that both modes can occur under both coniferous and broadleaved forest cover. Thus, we propose to set up safety buffers around sensitive ecosystems such as natural reserves or riparian areas, to maintain black locust cultivation while minimising undesired invasions in natural areas.","PeriodicalId":55182,"journal":{"name":"Dendrobiology","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135734982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The oil content and fatty acid composition of Fagus orientalis Lipsky seeds from different populations in Turkiye","authors":"H. Özel, S. Ayan, S. M. Onat","doi":"10.12657/denbio.090.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12657/denbio.090.003","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge of the nutrient content of edible seeds of oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) as a food resource for rural people, is incomplete and there is a need for studies that will provide this information. The seeds of oriental beech collected from 12 different locations in a primary distribution area of Turkey were investigated for their oil content and fatty acid composition. The fatty acid contents of these 12 different populations were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) of the fatty acids methyl esters (FAME). The seeds of the various tree populations were found to contain total oil amount ranging from 44.66% to 49.07%, which was primarily composed of oleic, linoleic, palmitic, and gadoleic acids. As the predominant unsaturated fatty acid, there was no difference among the populations in the percentage of oleic acid with the highest percentage of unsaturated fatty acids. As the primary saturated fatty acid, the highest palmitic acid content was determined in the Ordu-Akkuş population (13.85%), where the species made the optimal development, while the lowest value was determined in the Kahramanmaraş-Andırın population (7.14%), which is an isolated population of the species. In the study of oriental beech populations, palmitic acid was found in the major saturated fatty acids, on the other hand oleic, linoleic, and gadoleic acids were found in major unsaturated fatty acids. This study highlights the potential of oriental beech seeds as a nutrient-rich food source due to their high total fat content.","PeriodicalId":55182,"journal":{"name":"Dendrobiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42744500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biology and ecology of Juniperus drupacea Labill.","authors":"A. Boratyński, A. Dönmez, M. B. Dagher-Kharrat, Á. Romo, K. Tan, T. Ok, G. Iszkuło, K. Sobierajska, K. Marcysiak","doi":"10.12657/denbio.090.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12657/denbio.090.001","url":null,"abstract":"This literature review focuses on the biology and ecology of Juniperus drupacea. Within the context of the series ‘Our Forest Trees’ by the Institute of Dendrology PAS at Kórnik, the following key topics are discussed: taxonomy with paleo-records, morphology, anatomy, geographical distribution, ecology (including habitat, communities, response to biotic factors and the environment, and phenology), disease, and conservation. Juniperus drupacea, also known as the Syrian juniper, is a dioecious evergreen gymnosperm found primarily in two distribution centers: one in the southern Peloponnese in Europe and the other in the mountains along the Mediterranean Sea in Southwest Asia. The populations from Europe and Asia differ genetically, biochemically, and morphologically. Juniperus drupacea is a medium-sized tree occurring in mountains, predominantly at elevations of 800–1400 m, on basic to moderately alkaline soils and even on calcareous rock. It is a component of fir, pine, cedar, and sometimes also juniper forest, rarely entering maquis. As with other junipers, it is a light-demanding, moderately frost- and drought-resistant, sometimes acting as an invader of abandoned fields and pastures. It is rarely grazed by goats. Its low palatability is a result of the high content of volatile oils in the needles and cones. The volatile oils have been extensively used in folk medicine and have been investigated for new medicinal uses. The species is rare, endangered and protected in Greece, parts of Turkey and Lebanon. Its ecological niche could potentially be reduced by global climate change.","PeriodicalId":55182,"journal":{"name":"Dendrobiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41483829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}