Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh最新文献

{"title":"The Early Pliocene small mammals (Eulipotyphla, Rodentia, Lagomorpha) from Berești and Mălușteni (eastern Romania): a fresh look at old collections","authors":"V. Crespo, Ș. Vasile, A. Petculescu, B. Rățoi, Bogdan S. Haiduc","doi":"10.1017/s175569102200024x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s175569102200024x","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The neighbouring sites of Berești and Mălușteni (Eastern Carpathian Foreland, eastern Romania) have yielded the most abundant and taxonomically diverse Pliocene vertebrate assemblages described so far from the entire country. Some of the small mammals found here were described as new taxa, and occasionally reassessed during the past one hundred years, but most of the material collected initially remained unrevised. Here, we provide a taxonomic revision of all the small mammal material (insectivores, rodents, and lagomorphs) that could be found in three main collections. The studied specimens were assigned to the insectivore families Desmanidae (Desmana verestchagini and Talpa sp.), and Erinaceidae (Erinaceus sp.); to the rodent families Muridae (Mimomys sp. or Promimomys sp.; Allocricetus sp.), Sciuridae (Spermophilus cf. nogaici), Spalacidae (Pliospalax macoveii), and Castoridae (Trogontherium minus, Castor fiber); and to the lagomorph families Leporidae (Trischizolagus dumitrescuae) and Ochotonidae (Ochotona ursui). Compared to the faunal assemblages described from Central-Eastern Europe, the identified taxa (some confirmed, others reassessed as synonyms) support an Early Pliocene age for the vertebrate assemblages from Berești and Mălușteni. Both faunal assemblages are assigned to the Ruscinian, with the faunas from Berești being considered geologically slightly older than the ones from Mălușteni.","PeriodicalId":55171,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43155102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of the Ordovician pelagic trilobite Ellipsotaphrus (Cyclopygoidea, Ellipsotaphridae) and its allies, with new discoveries from Girvan, Ayrshire","authors":"J. Ingham, R. Fortey","doi":"10.1017/S1755691022000263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755691022000263","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Following Fortey and Owens (1987), the Ordovician trilobite taxon Ellipsotaphrinae is established as valid, but is argued to have full family status within the Cyclopygoidea. It encompasses the existing genera Ellipsotaphrus, Girvanopyge Gamops and Circulocrania together with two new genera proposed herein, Arisemolobes and Synaptotaphrus. Typical ellipsotaphrid genera have a totally circumscribed ‘foreglabella’, incorporating extended S1 furrows and a portion of the occipital furrow. The known range of the family is Floian to Katian. Genera are conservative in form throughout their ranges and are widespread. All occur only in deeper water sediments with palaeooceanic access. Ellipsotaphrus monophthalmus and Ellipsotaphrus infaustus are reassessed and Ellipsotaphrus zhongguoensis, from the Katian of China, is regarded as a junior synonym of the Katian Girvan species Ellipsotaphrus pumilio. Girvanopyge [ = Cremastoglottos; Nanlingia; Waldminia] is demonstrated, partly on the basis of new material from the Katian of Girvan, to be an ellipsotaphrid cyclopygoid and not to have a close affinity to the remopleuridids, as had been clained. Girvanopyge barrandei, from the Katian of the Czech Republic, is synonymised with Girvanopyge caudata from China. Gamops is revived for forms showing a relationship to both Girvanopyge and Ellipsotaphrus. It encompasses three Czech species including the Dapingian Gamops triangulatus, which probably also occurs in correlative strata in South Wales. The systematic treatment is supported by new material from the Upper Ordovician of the Girvan district, and the relevant geology of this area is described in detail. New species proposed are: Arisemolobes zhouzhiyii, Synaptotaphrus oarion and Circulocrania ? dichaulax.","PeriodicalId":55171,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh","volume":"113 1","pages":"313 - 336"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43058948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TRE volume 113 issue 4 Cover and Back matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s1755691023000129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1755691023000129","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55171,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh","volume":" ","pages":"b1 - b2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46042373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TRE volume 113 issue 4 Cover and Front matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s1755691023000117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1755691023000117","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55171,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh","volume":" ","pages":"f1 - f2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43984734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Palaeo-climate and -topography of the continental orogen: Theoretical inversion with initial oxygen isotopes of ancient meteoric water","authors":"Chun-Sheng Wei, Zi‐Fu Zhao","doi":"10.1017/S1755691023000075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755691023000075","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Ancient environments have been mostly reconstructed with exogenous records, yet the potential constraints from endogenous archives were less emphasised. It has been well known that the outer- and inner-spheres of the planetary Earth are naturally linked and/or interplayed each other among geospheres. As stable isotopes of the meteoric water are globally dependent upon precipitating environments, rocks and/or minerals hydrothermally altered by the meteoric water can thus imprint environmental information of continental settings. These valuable clues, however, have been intuitively and/or qualitatively inferred up to now. On the basis of an innovative procedure recently proposed for dealing with thermodynamic re-equilibration of oxygen isotopes between constituent minerals and water from fossil hydrothermal systems, ancient meteoric waters are theoretically inverted from the early Cretaceous post-collisional granitoid and Triassic gneissic country rocks across the Dabie orogen in central-eastern China. The initial oxygen isotopes of ancient meteoric water (i.e., $delta ^{18}O_W^i$ value hereafter) range from −11.01 ± 0.43 (one standard deviation, 1SD) to −7.61 ± 0.07‰ in this study, yet systematically and/or statistically deviating from modern local precipitation. These imply that either palaeoclimate could be colder than the present at least during the early Cretaceous or palaeoaltimetry has geographically varied across the Dabie orogen since the Triassic. Moreover, the lifetime of fossil hydrothermal systems is kinetically quantified to less than 1.2 million years (Myr) for the concurrent lowering of oxygen isotopes of hydrothermally altered rock-forming minerals through the surface-reaction oxygen exchange with ancient meteoric waters herein. Our results thus suggest that palaeoenvironments of the continental orogen can be scientifically and methodologically unearthed from endogenous archives and theoretical inversion of $delta ^{18}O_W^i$ values can be quantitatively applied beyond the Dabie orogen.","PeriodicalId":55171,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh","volume":"113 1","pages":"361 - 372"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49562549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Byronids and similar tubular fossils from the Devonian of the Barrandian area (Czech Republic)","authors":"M. Mergl, P. Kraft","doi":"10.1017/S1755691023000099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755691023000099","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Byronids are problematic fossils of possible cnidarian affinity, only rarely reported from the Devonian, but never previously studied in the Barrandian area, Czech Republic. Two new species Prestephanoscyphus branzovensis sp. nov. and Prestephanoscyphus robustus sp. nov. are erected from the Lochkovian and the Eifelian, respectively. Four poorly known species referred to Byronia are described in open nomenclature from the Emsian and Eifelian. The new genus Parabyronia gen. nov. with the type species Parabyronia elegans sp. nov. is closely related to other sphenothallids but is distinguished by transverse ridges on its theca and short spines at the apertural end of the theca. Definite identification of phosphatic rings as the attachment structure of byronids was proved by new material of the Lochkovian age. A dwarf conularia Pidiconularia gen. nov. with the type species Pidiconularia tubulata sp. nov. is remarkable by its minute size and very fine ornament; its conulariid affinity is proved by subrectangular cross-section and four internal carinae. Microstructure of theca of Prestephanoscyphus is characterised by alternation of compact laminae of aligned columnar microcrystallites and chambered laminae with isometric microcrystallites of apatite. Accretionary growth of byronid theca and structure of the holdfast with basal opening for the adhesive pedal disc support their cnidarian affinity although they likely display the bilateral instead of tetramerous symmetry. The protective function of bilaterally symmetrical whorls of internal apophyses in Prestephanoscyphus is suggested and their role in strengthening of thecal wall or supporting function of gastric septa are disputed. The byronids are regarded as epibionts rather than attached to the rocks. They are representatives of benthic groups with phosphatic shells that declined with decreasing availability of phosphorus in seas and oceans.","PeriodicalId":55171,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh","volume":"113 1","pages":"373 - 390"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46455103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tooth whorl structure, growth and function in a helicoprionid chondrichthyan Karpinskiprion (nom. nov.) (Eugeneodontiformes) with a revision of the family composition","authors":"O. A. Lebedev, W. Itano, Z. Johanson, A. Alekseev, Moya M. Smith, A. Ivanov, I. V. Novikov","doi":"10.1017/S1755691022000251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755691022000251","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Restudy of Campyloprion annectans Eastman, 1902 from North America demonstrated that neither specimen included is diagnostic at the species level; thus, the species name is a nomen dubium. Since this species was designated as the type species of the genus, this requires suppression of the generic name also. Another species earlier assigned to Campyloprion, Campyloprion ivanovi Karpinsky, 1924 is used as a type for a newly established genus Karpinskiprion Lebedev et Itano gen. nov. The composition of the family Helicoprionidae Karpinsky, 1911 is reviewed, and a new family Helicampodontidae Itano et Lebedev fam. nov. is erected. A new specimen of Karpinskiprion ivanovi (Karpinsky, 1924) recently discovered in the Volgograd Region of Russia is the most complete Karpinskiprion specimen ever found. It unambiguously demonstrates the coiled nature of these tooth whorls and presents information on their developmental stages. During organogeny, cutting blades of the crown became reshaped, and basal spurs progressively elongated, forming a grater. Whorl growth occurred by addition of new crowns to the earlier mineralised base followed by later spur growth. In contrast to consistently uniform cutting blades, spurs are often malformed and bear traces of growth interruption. Both sides of the outer coil of the tooth whorl bear lifetime wear facets. The youngest (lingual) crowns are as yet unaffected by wear. The best-preserved facets show parallel radially directed scratch marks. The upper jaw dentition of Karpinskiprion is unknown, but we suggest that the faceted areas resulted from interaction with the antagonistic dental structures here. Three possible hypotheses for this interaction are suggested: (a) two opposing whorls acted as scissor blades, moving alternately from one side to another; (b) the lower tooth whorl fitted between paired parasymphyseal tooth whorls of the opposing jaw; or (c) the lower tooth whorl fitted into a dental pavement in the upper jaw.","PeriodicalId":55171,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh","volume":"113 1","pages":"337 - 360"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49398863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The remains of a large cercopithecid from the Lower Pleistocene locality of Karnezeika (southern Greece)","authors":"Panagiotis D. Sianis, Αthanassios Athanassiou, D. Kostopoulos, S. Roussiakis, N. Kargopoulos, G. Iliopoulos","doi":"10.1017/s1755691022000226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1755691022000226","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Lower Pleistocene Karnezeika locality, lies in the Peloponnese, southern Greece, and its fauna corresponds to the Middle Villafranchian biochronological unit (MN17). The recovered mammal assemblage includes, among others, a few remains of a large Cercopithecid. Herein, we describe this material, including an upper second molar, a partially preserved proximal radius and, possibly, an upper first incisor. The teeth show advanced stages of wear but retain their typical papionin characters, such as a strong lingual cleft and four bilophodont cusps in the molar. The general morphology and wear pattern of the teeth rules out the possibility that the remains belong to the genus Theropithecus, while the general size of the corresponding material excludes the possibility of a Macaca representative as well. On the contrary, the studied material better fits the size range of Paradolichopithecus. Even though this genus is likely represented in the Villafranchian of Europe by a single species, Par. arvernensis, the scarcity of the studied material imposes reservations and thus the Karnezeika papionin is referred at the moment to cf. Paradolichopithecus sp. As in the rest of Europe, the Paradolichopithecus record is rare in Greece, having been found in only two localities, Vatera and Dafnero. Despite its scarcity, the new material from Karnezeika indicates a wide distribution of this important taxon in the Greek peninsula.","PeriodicalId":55171,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49378993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A forgotten cirripedological gem: a new species of whale barnacle of the genus Cetopirus from the Pleistocene of the United States West Coast","authors":"A. Collareta, M. Bosselaers, P. Holroyd, Ashley A. Dineen","doi":"10.1017/s1755691022000214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1755691022000214","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A small lot of fossil whale barnacles from the Upper Pleistocene of California and the Middle Pleistocene (Chibanian) of Oregon (United States West Coast), described in a 1972 unpublished MA thesis, are formally described and illustrated herein. In that thesis, a new genus and species name were proposed; however, according to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, they have no taxonomic standing and are thus unavailable. Based on our reappraisal, two specimens in this lot belong to a new, extinct species that can be assigned to the purportedly extant genus Cetopirus. Cetopirus polysyrinx sp. nov. differs from congeners in that its secondary T-shaped flanges are multitubiferous internally, that is, they are perforated by a high number of irregularly-sized and irregularly-spaced tubules that result in a spongy aspect in transverse section. Whether or not this peculiar condition had any adaptive significance is difficult to determine. Considering that Cetopirus is currently known as an obligate epibiont of right whales (including the North Pacific form Eubalaena japonica (Lacépède 1818)), the host of C. polysyrinx sp. nov. was E. japonica or some other species of Eubalaena. The Plio-Pleistocene deposits of the Pacific coast of North America have yielded a rather idiosyncratic fossil whale barnacle fauna, inclusive of the genera Cetolepas, Cryptolepas and now Cetopirus, which seemingly contrasts with all other coeval assemblages worldwide, the latter being in turn dominated by Coronula spp.","PeriodicalId":55171,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49233813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gigantoproductid shell spiral and microstructure of tertiary layer: evaluation as taxonomical characters","authors":"J. R. MATEOS-CARRALAFUENTE, I. Coronado, P. Cózar, S. Rodríguez","doi":"10.1017/s1755691022000196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1755691022000196","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Brachiopod taxonomy is based on descriptions of shell morphology and key characters, but diagenesis generally modifies or erases some of them, hindering brachiopod identification. Brachiopods that are taxonomically related usually present shells with similar appearance but can differ in size (i.e., Rhynchonellata). Some aspects of morphology – for example the angular measurement of the curvature of the shell or details of shell microstructure – could aid taxonomic identification. Gigantoproductids, which lack a robust taxonomy, have the largest shells among brachiopods and are ideal for this kind of study because of their gigantic size and morphological variability. Furthermore, they have a great abundance and worldwide distribution during the mid-Carboniferous. More than 700 samples have been collected from Sierra Morena (Spain), Montagne Noire (France) and Adarouch (Morocco) identifying up to six gigantoproductid genera: Globosoproductus, Semiplanus, Kansuella?, Latiproductus, Gigantoproductus and Datangia. Microstructural features from 170 thin sections belonging to gigantoproductid ventral valves have been studied, and six crystal morphologies have been distinguished within the tertiary layer: subhorizontal, imbricated, crenulated, acicular, short and long columnar morphologies. Moreover, 23 complete shells from all genera have been selected to investigate shell size and curvature. Results from this study emphasise that shell size, curvature and crystal shape are taxa-related. Finally, a remarkable morphological change in the gigantoproductid populations from the western Palaeo-Tethys occurred during the Viséan–Serpukhovian, from thin-shelled genera with subhorizontal morphology (Viséan) to thick-shelled genera with a tertiary layer consisting of long columnar crystals (Serpukhovian). This study proves that microstructure, maximum thickness and shell spiral characterisation are robust characters when applied to gigantoproductid taxonomy, but also have great potential in other brachiopod groups.","PeriodicalId":55171,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42219685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}