Fottea最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of three preparation methods for living diatoms at a sandy river-mouth tidal flat: conventional acid-cleaning, nuclear staining, and sieving","authors":"Mariko Yamamoto, T. Ohtsuka","doi":"10.5507/fot.2019.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/fot.2019.013","url":null,"abstract":"Three preparation methods for the identification of diatom flora at a river mouth tidal flat were evaluated in terms of species richness, diversity, and composition using a conventional acid-cleaning method, a nuclear staining method, and a newly introduced sieving method. Twenty-five diatom samples were collected from Fujimae Tidal Flat sediments, Nagoya, Japan, in July 2014. Three methods respectively showed different aspects of the diatom flora. The acid-cleaning method indicated the highest species diversity, but it extracted dead diatoms with living ones indiscriminately. In comparison with the acid-cleaning method, the staining method effectively extracted diatoms with fragile and small-sized cells. The sieving method scraped the sessile diatoms selectively and supplemented the staining method in which sessile diatoms were mostly neglected. A combination of these three methods enables to describe precise diatom flora of a tidal flat.","PeriodicalId":55149,"journal":{"name":"Fottea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42498674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitzschia fenestralis: A new diatom species abundant in the Holocene sediments of an eastern African crater lake","authors":"D. Grady, D. Mann, R. Trobajo","doi":"10.5507/fot.2019.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/fot.2019.011","url":null,"abstract":"Nitzschia is common in the phytoplankton of several East African lakes. A new species, Nitzschia fenestralis, sp. nov. D. Grady, D.G. Mann et Trobajo was encountered at numerous depths in a 16 m sediment core from Lake Babogaya, Ethiopia and is described using light and scanning electron microscopy. It is compared with several other morphologically similar taxa described from East and Central Africa (especially N. aequalis, N. mediocris, N. obsoleta and N. fabiennejansseniana), and from Europe (N. fruticosa). An unusual feature of some of these species (N. fenestralis, N. obsoleta and N. fabiennejansseniana) is that in the raphe canal each stria is represented by two narrower areolae (alternatively interpreted as a single subdivided areola). It is this feature that suggested the name of the new species (through the resemblance to a series of sash windows). Another characteristic of N. fenestralis and N. obsoleta, apparently never reported previously in any diatom, is that the more advalvar bands end approximately halfway along the frustules, rather than at the poles. In most respects (shape and size, stria and fibula densities, valve and girdle structure), N. fenestralis and N. obsoleta are very similar, but confusion is unlikely because they differ in whether central raphe endings are present (N. fenestralis) or absent (N. obsoleta). In Nitzschia fenestralis, and perhaps to a lesser extent in N. obsoleta, the striae usually become strongly radiate towards the poles. A preliminary assessment, based on the literature, suggests that N. fabiennejansseniana may be synonymous with N. obsoleta, which was described earlier.","PeriodicalId":55149,"journal":{"name":"Fottea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49200416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RNA consensus structures for inferring green algal phylogeny: A three-taxon analysis for Golenkinia/Jenufa, Sphaeropleales and Volvocales (Chlorophyta, Chlorophyceae)","authors":"V. Czech, M. Wolf","doi":"10.5507/fot.2019.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/fot.2019.016","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aims: \"Order please!\" was a recently published, very nice and apt title for a persistent problem in green algae phylogenetics. The green algal class Chlorophyceae comprises two clades (SV and OCC) made up of five orders (Sphaeropleales, Volvocales, Oedogoniales, Chaetopeltidales and Chaetophorales). A variety of data and methods have shown that one further group (Golenkinia+Jenufa) cannot be unambiguously placed among the five orders. In addition, concerning Sphaeropleaceae and/or Treubarinia the monophyly of Sphaeropleales and Volvocales remain unresolved. Methods: IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) encoded consensus sequences for different 18S rDNA data sets as well as corresponding 18S rDNA consensus structures were assembled for Sphaeropleales, Volvocales (with or without Treubarinia) and a Golenkinia+Jenufa assemblage to independently infer phylogenetic relationships in a three-taxon analysis. Using a known template structure, individual 18S rDNA secondary structures were predicted by homology modelling. Sequences and their individual secondary structures, automatically encoded by a 12-letter alphabet (each nucleotide with its three structural states, paired left, paired right, or unpaired), were simultaneously aligned; consensus structures and IUPAC encoded consensus sequences were read out from the different sequence-structure alignments. Key Results: In contrast to previous studies using 18S rDNA data, results of this study corroborate chloroplast data and strongly support a sister group relationship between Golenkinia+Jenufa and the Sphaeropleales. The Golenkinia+Jenufa assemblage shows 330 matches to the Sphaeropleales (sequence-structure consensus) but only 214 matches to the Volvocales (sequence-structure consensus). Phylogenetically informative nucleotides are highlighted and visualized in their structural context taking into account structural domains (I-IV) and hypervariable regions (V2-V9). Rooting the three-taxon scenario remains difficult because the extremely long branches of Golenkinia and Jenufa are attracted to a chosen outgroup, reducing bootstrap support in any conceivable four-taxon tree obtained by parsimony or profile-neighbor-joining analysis. Conclusions: This algal case study of 18S rDNA consensus data (IUPAC encoded sequences and consensus structures) coupled with profile distances between groups of sequences, demonstrated that a phylogenetic problem can be reduced to a three-taxon analysis.","PeriodicalId":55149,"journal":{"name":"Fottea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47332806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proposal of Purpurea gen. nov. (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria), a novel cyanobacterial genus from wet soil samples in Tibet, China","authors":"Fangfang Cai, Yilang Wang, Gongliang Yu, Jie Wang, Xin Peng, Renhui Li","doi":"10.5507/fot.2019.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/fot.2019.018","url":null,"abstract":"A new cyanobacterial strain CHAB5880 morphologically identified to the Nostoc-like genus was isolated from wet soil samples in Tibet of China, and it was taxonomically and phylogenetically characterized based on the polyphasic approach combining morphological, genetic and ecological characteristics. Colonies of this strain were usually purple to black, irregularly clustering, forming diffluent mucilage. The phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene indicated that the novel strain formed a unique cluster, and separated from the 'Nostoc sensu stricto' clade and from the clades of the morphologically similar genera Aliinostoc, Desmonostoc and Holatia. The secondary structure of ITS between 16S-23S rRNA gene in the strain CHAB5880 showed unique patterns of D1-D1', Box-B and V3 helix, which distinguished it from other heterocytous genera. Purpurea tibecum sp. nov. was designated as the type species of the genus.","PeriodicalId":55149,"journal":{"name":"Fottea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45530802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three new subaerial Achnanthidium (Bacillariophyta) species from a karst landform in the Guizhou Province, China","authors":"Q. You, Yue Cao, P. Yu, J. Kociolek, Lixuan Zang, Bo Wu, R. Lowe, Quanxi Wang","doi":"10.5507/FOT.2019.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/FOT.2019.005","url":null,"abstract":"Three new subaerial species of Achnanthidium are examined and described from a karst landform of central-south China based on light and scanning electron microscopy observations, and are compared with similar taxa worldwide. A. mediolanceolatum sp. nov. is elliptical-lanceolate, not linear-lanceolate as is more typical in this genus, as well as having a bow-tie shaped central area on the raphe valve and a large lanceolate axial area on the rapheless valve, features which together make it easy to distinguish this species from others. A. parvulum sp. nov. and A. guizhouensis sp. nov. are linear-elliptical in shape, which is more common for Achnanthidium and they differ from other species mainly in size, raphe, density of striae and shape of the central area. We compared these three new species with morphologically-similar taxa, and present their ecological settings and distributions as well. The relationship between Achnanthidium and Psammothidium is discussed, and the data from these new species from Guizhou presented herein suggest the two genera are difficult to separate.","PeriodicalId":55149,"journal":{"name":"Fottea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47706616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mallomonas minuscula sp. nov. (Synurales, Chrysophyceae), a new member in the section Torquatae from Vietnam","authors":"E. Gusev, E. Guseva, E. Kezlya, M. Kulikovskiy","doi":"10.5507/FOT.2019.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/FOT.2019.004","url":null,"abstract":"Mallomonas minuscula sp. nov. is described from Vietnam based on silica-scale morphology studied by means of transmission and scanning electron microscopy. This species belongs to the Mallomonas mangofera complex and is characterized by small scales with large polygonal papillae on the shield, raised wide arms on the anterior submarginal rib with small papillae, and a small \"window\" in the angle of the posterior submarginal rib. Scales of Mallomonas minuscula were found in nine localities from six provinces of Central and Southern Vietnam. The distributions and habitat conditions of the new species are summarized.","PeriodicalId":55149,"journal":{"name":"Fottea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45674325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogeny and characterization of Paraeustigmatos columelliferus, gen. et sp. nov., a member of the Eustigmatophyceae that may represent a basal group within the Eustigmatales","authors":"M. Fawley, Y. Nemcova, K. Fawley","doi":"10.5507/FOT.2019.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/FOT.2019.002","url":null,"abstract":"The new taxon, Paraeustigmatos columelliferus, was isolated from a mat of the filamentous alga Zygnema on the shore of Lake Monticello in Arkansas, USA. The results of the phylogenetic analysis of 18S rDNA and rbcL sequence data suggest that this alga is likely allied with the Eustigmatales; alternately, it may represent a new third linage of the class. Light and electron microscopy reveal cellular features similar to other members of the Eustigmatophyceae; however, the cell wall bears unusual structures that resemble the columellae of the walls of pollen grains.","PeriodicalId":55149,"journal":{"name":"Fottea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41311097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and molecular characterization of Stigonema jureiensis sp. nov. (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria) from the Atlantic Rainforest, São Paulo, Brazil","authors":"Guilherme S. Hentschke, J. Rigonato, D. B. Genuário, H. D. Laughinghouse, C. L. Sant’Anna","doi":"10.5507/FOT.2019.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/FOT.2019.009","url":null,"abstract":"Tropical regions are considered hotspots of biodiversity, and the genus Stigonema has been underexplored in all world, mainly due to the difficulties of culturing. In this study, we sequenced the 16S rRNA gene of a natural Stigonema population from the tropical Atlantic Rainforest (Sao Paulo, Brazil) and describe S. jureiensis sp. nov. based on phylogenetic and morphological data. For the molecular analysis, the genomic DNA was isolated from aliquots of the population, which were previously manually cleaned under a microscope, using a point-tapered Pasteur pipette to remove other organisms and debris. For morphological analysis, 30 individuals were analyzed and photographed using microscope. Both maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenies support S. jureiensis as a new species, and morphological analysis revealed the presence of a special type of mosaic ornate sheaths.","PeriodicalId":55149,"journal":{"name":"Fottea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42936968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitzschia omanensis sp. nov., a new diatom species from the marine coast of Oman, characterized by valve morphology and molecular data","authors":"Ines Barkia, Chunlian Li, N. Saari, A. Witkowski","doi":"10.5507/FOT.2019.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/FOT.2019.008","url":null,"abstract":"An unidentified diatom species belonging in the genus Nitzschia isolated from samples in the Omani coastal region of the Arabian Sea is the focus of the present study. This species has been successfully cultivated in the laboratory and DNA was harvested and sequenced. Light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination of the strain revealed some distinct features, of which the ultrastructure of canal raphe and the absence of central nodule are the most remarkable ones. In terms of morphology, the strain being studied resembles taxa belonging in Nitzschia sect. Lanceolatae. However, our phylogenetic tree based on a three-gene dataset, comprising concatenated nuclear-encoded small-subunit ribosomal DNAs (SSU) and chloroplast encoded (rbcL and psbC) shows that our strain is sister to N. filiformis, which belongs in Nitzschia sect. Obtusae. This species that we have named Nitzschia omanensis, is thus far only known from the harsh coastal waters of Oman, which are characterized by very high daily temperatures and extremely low precipitation.","PeriodicalId":55149,"journal":{"name":"Fottea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41813338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First record of the rare freshwater alga Tetrasporopsis fuscescens (Chrysomerophyceae, Ochrophyta) in North America","authors":"R. Stancheva, P. Škaloud, M. Pusztai, Chad L. Loflen, R. Sheath","doi":"10.5507/FOT.2019.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/FOT.2019.007","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents the first record of the ochrophyte alga Tetrasporopsis fuscescens in North America, confirmed with light and transmission electron microscopic photomicrographs, cytochemical and molecular phylogenetic analyses. T. fuscescens was recorded rarely, being found in the benthos of only twelve stream sites: nine locations in Southern California and three in Northern California. More than half of the streams were non-perennial, characterized by long dry periods. Tetrasporopsis cells were gold-colored, spherical, with a distinct wall, assembled in the periphery of macroscopical gelatinous colonies, which start as tubular or sac-like structures, but later become membranous. The cells have 1-2 parietal chloroplasts, without a stigma or pyrenoid, and reproduction occurs by longitudinal cell division. Other features of the genus are as follows: cells in the colonies also divide by what appears to be smaller autospores with remnant cell walls remaining, the colonial mucilage consists of cylindrical dichotomously branched tubes radiating from the center of the colony to which attach the peripheral cells, and older cells become filled with large oil droplets. A combined gene tree of sequences from nuclear SSU rDNA, plastid rbcL, psaA, psbA and psbC showed that T. fuscescens specimens from Europe and U. S. A. formed a clade, which clustered with taxa classified in the class Chrysomerophyceae.","PeriodicalId":55149,"journal":{"name":"Fottea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46384775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}