Genetica最新文献

{"title":"Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the pectate lyase (PEL) gene family in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr. ).","authors":"Shuo Wu, Wanqing Du, Yu Han, Zhenggang Wang, Yujuan Gu, Xianlong Ding, Shouping Yang","doi":"10.1007/s10709-026-00279-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10709-026-00279-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pectate lyases (PELs) are important enzymes involved in the regulation of plant cell wall structure and composition and play essential roles in plant growth and development. However, the characteristics and potential functions of the PEL gene family in soybean remain largely unclear. In this study, a total of 38 GmPEL genes were identified from the soybean genome through genome-wide analysis and classified into five evolutionary groups. Evolutionary analyses indicated that segmental duplication was the major driving force underlying the expansion of the GmPEL family, which has undergone strong purifying selection during evolution. Cis-acting element and expression profile analyses suggested that GmPEL genes are widely involved in plant growth, development and stress responses. Notably, members of Group II exhibited relatively high expression levels in floral tissues and showed significant downregulation in the flower buds of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) lines, while their expression levels were responsive to high-temperature (HT) stress during flowering. Subcellular localization analysis further demonstrated that GmPEL3, GmPEL12, GmPEL23, and GmPEL34 are localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. These results suggest that Group II genes may participate in flower development, fertility regulation and HT stress responses in soybean. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive characterization of the soybean PEL gene family and offers candidate genes for further investigation of reproductive development and stress tolerance in soybean.</p>","PeriodicalId":55121,"journal":{"name":"Genetica","volume":"154 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148474231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and characterization of flavanone 3 hydroxylase genes reveal a central role for ZmF3H6 in flavonoid regulation and abiotic stress responses in maize.","authors":"Peter Mensah, Manfei Li, Daniel Bimpong, Mawuli Korsi Amenyogbe, Haokun Yi, Sunita Etta Ombu, Emily Nyangoma, Qinrui Zuo, Yijie Qiu, Xin Wang, Hewei Du","doi":"10.1007/s10709-026-00278-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10709-026-00278-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Flavonoid 3-hydroxylase (F3H) is a key enzyme in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway; however, its functional roles in maize responses to abiotic stress remain poorly understood. In this study, 14 maize F3H proteins (ZmF3Hs) were identified and characterized through bioinformatics analyses, expression profiling, and functional validation. The ZmF3H genes exhibited structural and physicochemical diversity and were unevenly distributed across seven maize chromosomes. Phylogenetic and synteny analyses classified the ZmF3Hs into four subfamilies and revealed strong evolutionary conservation with homologs from rice, wheat, and sorghum. Conserved motif and promoter analyses suggested functional divergence and multilayered regulatory control. Subcellular localization prediction indicated that ZmF3H6 is localized in the cytoplasm, which was further confirmed by transient expression assays in Nicotiana benthamiana. Expression profiling demonstrated that ZmF3Hs are responsive to multiple abiotic stresses, including cold, heat, and waterlogging. Functional analysis using virus-induced gene silencing revealed that suppression of ZmF3H6 significantly reduced flavonol accumulation and antioxidant enzyme activities while increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels under both normal and stress conditions. These findings provide new insights into the biological functions of ZmF3Hs and identify ZmF3H6 as a key regulator of flavonoid biosynthesis and abiotic stress tolerance, offering a promising target for improving stress resilience and flavonoid-mediated defense mechanisms in maize.</p>","PeriodicalId":55121,"journal":{"name":"Genetica","volume":"154 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148474286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A preliminary whole-genome survey of longfin snake eel Pisodonophis cancrivorus (Richardson, 1848).","authors":"Tianyan Yang, Yanyan Zhang, Fengzhen Sheng","doi":"10.1007/s10709-026-00277-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10709-026-00277-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Longfin snake eel, Pisodonophis cancrivorus (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae), is a typical snake eel widely distributed across brackish and marine waters of the Indo-Pacific oceans. As sensitivity to environmental change, it has become a potential bio-indicator for assessing habitat health in tropical coastal ecosystems, and plays a significant ecological role in nutrient cycling and benthic community dynamics. However, to our knowledge, no related genomic studies of P. cancrivorus have been reported until now. In this study, the preliminary genome information of P. cancrivorus was derived by using a whole-genome survey method. The genome size was estimated at 2.01 Gb, with the heterozygosity, repetitive sequence ratio and GC content of 1.35%, 39.37% and 41.56%, respectively. A total of 4,338,707 genome-wide microsatellites were mined, with the occurrence frequency of 27.13%. Among six perfect microsatellites, dinucleotide repeats were most abundant (42.23%), whereas pentanucleotide repeats had the lowest proportion (1.33%). About 5,539 putative coding genes were identified in total. By functional classification using Gene Ontology (GO) and EuKaryotic Orthologous Groups (KOG) databases, these annotated genes involved in many physiological and biochemical processes including cellular process, cellular anatomical entity, binding and signal transduction mechanisms. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction was among the most frequently annotated KEGG pathways. The reconstructed phylogenomic relationships indicated that P. cancrivorus, Conger conger and C. myriaster cluster into the same branch in the evolutionary tree. The topology preliminarily supported a close relationship between Ophichthidae and Congridae, while the two sampled Muraenidae species formed a separate clade. This study provides the latest genomic resource and a preliminary phylogenomic reference for this Ophichthidae species.</p>","PeriodicalId":55121,"journal":{"name":"Genetica","volume":"154 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148431590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular cytogenetic analysis in Pseudorasbora parva (Cypriniformes: Gobionidae)-important invasive fish species in Türkiye.","authors":"Atilla Arslan, Emine Arslan, Büşra Özçay Ekşi, Zafer Alpaslan, Alexandr Sember","doi":"10.1007/s10709-026-00275-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10709-026-00275-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva is a small invasive cyprinid fish widely distributed across Eurasia, including Türkiye. Although extensive, the available cytogenetic data from Asian populations is confined to standard karyotyping. Here we present the first molecular cytogenetic characterization of P. parva by analyzing the population from the Sakarya spring (Eskişehir Province, Türkiye). The aim was to examine the chromosomal organization and distribution of selected repetitive DNA sequences and this way to provide novel insights into karyotype evolution within Gobionidae and evaluate the utility of cytogenetic markers for freshwater management of this invasive species. To that end, we combined conventional karyotyping, C-banding, fluorescent and silver-nitrate staining with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using probes for tandemly repeated genes for ribosomal RNA (18S and 5S rDNA), small nuclear RNA (U1 and U2 snDNA), and telomeric (TTAGGG)_n sequences. Analyzed individuals (N = 10) showed a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 50 with the karyotype being composed of 18 metacentric, 26 submetacentric, and 6 subtelocentric chromosomes (FN = 94), and with constitutive heterochromatin confined to pericentromeric regions. Silver staining as well as Chromomycin A₃ and 18S rDNA FISH probe revealed invariably a single pair of major 45S rDNA cluster on the short arms of the subtelocentric pair 23, with notable size heteromorphism between the homologs. 5S rDNA occupied (peri)centromeric regions of the submetacentric pair 10 and short arms of the subtelocentric pair 25, whereas the U1 and U2 snDNA clusters were co-localized on the short arms of subtelocentric pair 24. The telomeric probe marked chromosomal ends only. The Turkish P. parva population exhibits a conserved karyotype but the heterochromatin and repetitive DNA patterns allow to infer its closer relationship to European lineages. These findings provide new insights into Gobionidae genome organization and the chromosomal evolution and reveal the possible utility of cytogenetics in monitoring the dispersal of populations of invasive freshwater fishes.</p>","PeriodicalId":55121,"journal":{"name":"Genetica","volume":"154 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148414082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic insights into marine-freshwater transition: evolutionary adaptations in freshwater Pusa seals.","authors":"Liang Zhao, Hao Yu, Xinyue Yang, Inge Seim, Ran Tian","doi":"10.1007/s10709-026-00274-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10709-026-00274-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Baikal seal (Pusa sibirica) and Saimaa ringed seal (Pusa hispida saimensis) are phocid species inhabiting freshwater regions. Unlike their marine relatives, these freshwater Pusa seals face distinct environmental challenges, particularly osmoregulation, making marine-to-freshwater habitat transitions an excellent model for investigating the molecular basis of adaptive evolution. In this study, we performed comprehensive comparative genomic analyses across 14 pinniped species to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying habitat transitions. Phylogenomic analysis placed the grey seal as a sister clade to the common ancestor of Baikal seal and Saimaa ringed seal, and Pusa and Halichoerus as a sister clade of the harbor seal. We identified lineage-specific adaptive changes in genes involved in osmoregulation, wound healing, and circadian rhythm-including ACE2, ALMS1, F12, SERPING1, and PER3-that are critical for freshwater Pusa seals to thrive in environments with reduced salinity and distinct ecological pressures. Additionally, we discovered InDel variants in conserved non-coding elements (CNEs) that may influence the expression of osmoregulatory genes, offering new insights into the regulatory mechanisms underpinning freshwater adaptation. Collectively, this study provides a foundational framework for understanding the molecular basis of freshwater adaptation in pinnipeds, and the candidate genes and regulatory elements identified here may serve as valuable targets for future research into osmoregulation and wound healing across vertebrates, including humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":55121,"journal":{"name":"Genetica","volume":"154 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148388367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and COI-based identification of species of the Hawkmoth genus Theretra Hübner, 1819 (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) from Himachal Pradesh, India.","authors":"Taniya Chauhan, Avtar Kaur Sidhu, Boni Amin Laskar, Jaspreet Kaur Brar, Neelam Thakur","doi":"10.1007/s10709-026-00273-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10709-026-00273-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The diversity of Theretra Hübner, 1819, a genus from the mid-hill regions of Himachal Pradesh has not been documented in past. This study presents the first comprehensive survey of Theretra species from various localities within this region. The total of five species has been recorded from this area viz., Theretra nessus, T. alecto, T. clotho, T. oldenlandiae, and T. lycetus. The detailed morphological descriptions and illustrations of male genitalia for each species are provided, with emphasis on genitalic structures supporting accurate species identification. Diagnostic features at the genus level are also elaborated. To authenticate the morphological identification, molecular analysis using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene sequences has been carried out. The results reveal significant interspecific variation in genital morphology among the five species studied, highlighting the taxonomic relevance of genitalic characters in genus Theretra.</p>","PeriodicalId":55121,"journal":{"name":"Genetica","volume":"154 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148254693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing genetics and evolution: new Editors-in-Chief in Genetica.","authors":"Elena Buzan, Andreia Carina Turchetto-Zolet","doi":"10.1007/s10709-026-00270-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-026-00270-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55121,"journal":{"name":"Genetica","volume":"154 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148058245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Origin and diversification of Altai osmans (Oreoleuciscus), Far Eastern phoxinin minnows (Rhynchocypris) and Far Eastern redfins (Tribolodon) of the Leuciscidae family (Actinopterygii): an example of evolutionary tempo variation?","authors":"V S Artamonova, A A Makhrov, N V Bardukov, Yun Fang, Bud Mendsaikhan, A N Mironovsky, A Yu Rolskii, Yue-Hua Sun, Yu Yu Dgebuadze","doi":"10.1007/s10709-026-00272-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10709-026-00272-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The partial sequence of the mitochondrial gene for cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) has been analyzed in representatives of the genera Oreoleuciscus, Tribolodon, and Rhynchocypris, using Phoxinus phoxinus as an outgroup. The genus Rhynchocypris includes only freshwater fish (which is typical for cyprinids), while representatives of the genera Tribolodon and Oreoleuciscus have colonized the sea and water bodies of the arid zone (including brackish ones), respectively. The data we obtained suggest that during the colonization of these waters and the formation of these two genera, evolution accelerated, but subsequently, at the stage of adaptive radiation of all three genera, their evolutionary rates no longer differed.</p>","PeriodicalId":55121,"journal":{"name":"Genetica","volume":"154 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148037732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chloroplast genome comparison, phylogeny, and molecular evolution of five endemic Potentilla (Rosaceae) species in Mongolia.","authors":"Nudkhuu Nyamgerel, Shukherdorj Baasanmunkh, Alexey A Kechaykin, Batlai Oyuntsetseg, Hyeok Jae Choi","doi":"10.1007/s10709-026-00271-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10709-026-00271-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Potentilla sensu lato, a taxonomically complex genus within the Rosaceae, comprises approximately 300 taxa worldwide. Thirteen taxa, each restricted to limited localities, are currently recognized as endemic to the Mongolian flora. Therefore, the conservation of Potentilla faces significant challenges due to habitat loss caused by climate change and overharvesting. In this study, we explore the phylogenetic relationships and local evolutionary patterns of five endemic Potentilla species in Mongolia based on their complete chloroplast genomes. We utilized high-throughput sequencing of complete chloroplast genomes and conducted comparative analyses. The complete chloroplast genomes ranged from 156,273 to 156,395 bp long and exhibited a typical quadripartite structure. Genome annotation revealed 113 unique genes, including 79 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and four rRNA genes. Two intergenic regions (ndhF-rpl32 and rpl32-trnL) in the SSC region showed markedly high diversity among chloroplast genomes. Analysis of selection signatures identified two genes (rpoC1 and ycf1) under positive selection. These genes may play important roles in the adaptation of these species to specific geographical environments. Phylogenetic analysis placed all five newly sequenced species within the Argentea clade, and divergence time estimation indicated that diversification within this clade occurred from the late Miocene to the Pleistocene. This study provides valuable genomic resources for endemic Potentilla species in Mongolia, offers insights into their evolutionary history, and lays a foundation for future phylogenetic research and molecular marker development. Furthermore, this study fills a geographic gap in chloroplast genomes sampling of Potentilla in Central Asia.</p>","PeriodicalId":55121,"journal":{"name":"Genetica","volume":"154 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147977319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe trauma and chronic stress: seeds and fruits of epigenetic sensitivity.","authors":"Pierre Hutter, Ariane Paoloni-Giacobino","doi":"10.1007/s10709-026-00268-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10709-026-00268-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55121,"journal":{"name":"Genetica","volume":"154 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147943899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}