Geologica Acta最新文献

{"title":"Study of the rupture processes of the 1989 (Mw 6.9) and 2021 (Mw 7.0) Guerrero earthquakes using teleseismic records: Sismotectonic implications","authors":"Rosario Martínez","doi":"10.1344/geologicaacta2023.21.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1344/geologicaacta2023.21.9","url":null,"abstract":"Slip models of the April 25, 1989 (Mw 6.9) earthquake and the Acapulco earthquake of September 8, 2021 (Mw 7.0) were determined to analyze its rupture zone and understand the relationship of interplate earthquakes in the Acapulco–San Marcos subduction zone. For both events, velocity P and SH waves recorded at teleseismic distances were modeled. For the 1989 San Marcos event, two slip zones were determined with a maximum slip of 121cm, a stress drop of 8bars and a rupture duration of approximately 13s. This event showed a complex rupture. For the 2021 Acapulco event, a zone of maximum slip of 267cm, a stress drop of 5bars, and a rupture duration of approximately 24s were determined. Analysis of rupture zones suggests that complex events occur in the Acapulco–San Marcos subduction zone. Therefore, these results have important implications in seismic potential studies since the source parameters are critical.","PeriodicalId":55107,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Acta","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135931856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the spatio-temporal evolution of fractures in pillow basalt","authors":"Tridib Mondal, Sourav Mondal, Sirshendu Biswas, Gourav Das","doi":"10.1344/geologicaacta2023.21.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1344/geologicaacta2023.21.8","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated the origin and spatio-temporal evolution of cooling fractures in pillow basalt which undergo thermal contraction after their eruption in an aqueous environment. Through a computer-based simulation using Fourier transformation, the thermo elastic stress displacement profiles within individual pillow units are determined. The scaled model (pillow diameter - 1 meter) generated radial, linear fractures perpendicular to pillow margin and irregular discrete flaws in the pillow interior like the ones observed in natural examples. Radial linear fractures of 3–5 centimetre in length have been measured in pillows of average one-metre diameter from the Maradihalli region, in the Chitradurga Schist Belt, India. An estimated time of 94–118 minutes was required to get radial fractures of similar length in the simulation. Our model efficiently replicated the generation and distribution of thermal fractures and allowed an estimation of cooling time for the peripheral glassy zone but has limitations in deciphering the formation of fracture networks in progressively crystalline inner zone of pillows.","PeriodicalId":55107,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Acta","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134944778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Devonian-Mississippian faulting controlled by WNW-ESE-striking structural grain in Proterozoic basement rocks in Billefjorden, central Spitsbergen","authors":"Jean-Baptiste P. Koehl, Gard Christophersen, M. Collombin, Christoffer Taule, Eirik M.B. Stokmo, Lis Allaart","doi":"10.1344/geologicaacta2023.21.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1344/geologicaacta2023.21.7","url":null,"abstract":"In Billefjorden, central Spitsbergen, Devonian collapse and Carboniferous rift-related sedimentary strata were deposited unconformably over Proterozoic basement rocks displaying well developed N-S-trending Caledonian grain. Caledonian structures and fabrics are thought to have controlled the location and trend of subsequent Devonian and Carboniferous basin-bounding faults like the Billefjorden fault zone and Lemströmfjellet–Løvehovden fault. However, fieldwork and interpretation of aerial photographs in Proterozoic basement rocks reveal the existence of steep, abundant, WNW-ESE-striking brittle faults that are sub-orthogonal to known major Caledonian and post-Caledonian structures in Billefjorden, but that do not extend into adjacent-overlying, rift-related, Pennsylvanian rocks of the Gipsdalen Group. Structural analysis of field data and aerial photographs suggest that WNW-ESE-striking faults in basement rocks in Billefjorden formed as (sinistral) strike-slip and normal faults during Devonian-Mississippian extension in agreement with previously inferred models of sinistral transtension. The abundance of these faults suggest that their formation was controlled by analogously trending, preexisting structural grain (planar anisotropies) at depth, and their pronounced WNW-ESE strike suggest that the strike of preexisting anisotropies were comparable to recently identified, crustal-scale, WNW-ESE-striking Timanian thrust systems in Svalbard and the northern Barents Sea.","PeriodicalId":55107,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Acta","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49142889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Origin and evolution of Neoproterozoic metaophiolitic mantle rocks from the eastern Desert of Egypt: Implications for tectonic and metamorphic events in the Arabian-Nubian Shield","authors":"Shehata Ali, M. Azer, A. Abdel-Karim","doi":"10.1344/geologicaacta2023.21.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1344/geologicaacta2023.21.6","url":null,"abstract":"The mantle rocks from Kadaboura and Madara areas represent sections of dismembered ophiolitic complexes developed during the Neoproterozoic in the Eastern Desert of Egypt, which is located in the northwestern corner of the Arabian–Nubian Shield. The Kadaboura mantle rocks comprise serpentinites and serpentinized dunites, whereas those of the Madara consist of serpentinites and serpentinized pyroxenites.Despite the serpentinization of the studied mantle rocks, few relicts of primary chromite, olivine and pyroxene are preserved. Chromite is partly altered having unaltered Al-rich chromite cores surrounded by Fe-rich chromite and Cr-rich magnetite rims. The unaltered Al-rich chromite cores show compositions equilibrated at temperatures mostly below ~500-600°C, which is a temperature comparable to that estimated for primary chromite in greenschist up to lower amphibolite facies rocks. The high Cr# [100×Cr/(Cr+Al)= 47-76] of the unaltered chromite cores and the Mg-rich nature of the olivine relicts (Fo91–94) indicate that the studied mantle rocks were produced from a highly depleted mantle that experienced high degrees of melt extraction (mostly ~30-40%). This range of melt extraction resembles that estimated for supra-subduction zone peridotites, but higher than that in abyssal and passive margin peridotites. Furthermore, the clinopyroxene relicts show compositions comparable to those from the Mariana forearc peridotites. Bulk-rock geochemistry also reflects derivation from an extremely depleted and a highly refractory mantle source. Modelling of rare-earth elements suggests that the studied mantle rocks were possibly formed by the interaction of their highly depleted harzburgitic mantle precursors with subduction-related melts/fluids during their evolution in a fore-arc basin of the supra-subduction zone.The proposed geodynamic model suggests that the oceanic lithosphere generated during the seafloor spreading of the Mozambique Ocean was emplaced in the upper plate of the intra-oceanic subduction zone, in which the formely depleted Neoproterozoic mantle of the Arabian-Nubian Shield experienced mature phases of hydrous melting, extreme depletion and enrichment.","PeriodicalId":55107,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Acta","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47430751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tectonic and lithologic controls on the landscape adjustment along the eastern terrain of the Mae Tha fault, northern Thailand","authors":"Pichawut Manopkawee, N. Mankhemthong, Chanin Pattarakamolsen","doi":"10.1344/geologicaacta2023.21.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1344/geologicaacta2023.21.4","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the interaction between tectonics, climatically-driven surficial processes, and bedrock erodibilityprovides insight into how the landscape develops over space and time. Although numerous active faults, lithologicand climatic variability control the landscape across Northern Thailand, the influence of these factors on thespatial adjustment of a dynamic landscape is largely unknown. In the study, we focus on lower-order channelsdeveloped across the eastern terrain of the Mae Tha fault, in which spatial variability in rock mass quality and faultcharacteristics strongly control the landscape. We combine topographic data analysis from channel profiles andgeologic field observations to determine variations in bedrock watershed characteristics and any linear structuresacross the site. Our results reveal that channels in the northern and central zones of the terrain are relatively steeperbecause a west-dipping fault controls them with less fracture density of granite. Channels in the south, however,are less steep as an oblique-slip fault governs their profiles with a higher fracture density of bedrock. Moreover,channels flowing across different lithologic bedrocks exhibit steeper channel profiles than channels developed inuniform lithology. Our study highlights the use of topographic adjustment as one of the efficient tools to describethe dynamics of active deformation on the landscape over space and time. According to the mutual analysis, ourfinding suggests that lithologic resistance and spatial differences in fault lineaments ultimately control charactersof channel profiles and overall landscape topography.","PeriodicalId":55107,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Acta","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48464030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New evidence for late Eocene-early Oligocene uplift of Aves Ridge and paleogeography of GAARlandia","authors":"Manuel Antonio Iturralde Vinent, Ross D.E.","doi":"10.1344/geologicaacta2023.21.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1344/geologicaacta2023.21.5","url":null,"abstract":"The GAARlandia hypothesis has produced vigorous debate among biologists regarding whether now-submerged landforms that existed in the Caribbean region during the late Paleogene might have acted as a barrier for marine organisms and as a bridge for terrestrial biotas migrating from South America into the Greater Antilles. This concept derived from the hypothesized emergence history of the Aves Ridge. In the quarter century since GAARlandia was first proposed, new paleontological, geological and geophysical information has greatly extended the database available. Here we reaffirm that GAARlandia was a positive topographic feature from middle Eocene, and was exposed above sea level between late Eocene and early Oligocene when it facilitated biotic colonization of the northern Greater Antilles and their satellite islands, whether as a series of closely spaced islands or as a continuous peninsula projecting from northeastern South America along the crown of the rise.","PeriodicalId":55107,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Acta","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46891787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Cretaceous coastal lake Konservat-Lagerstätte of La Pedrera de Meià (Southern Pyrenees)","authors":"A. Gil-Delgado, X. Delclòs, A. Sellés, À. Galobart, O. Oms","doi":"10.1344/geologicaacta2023.21.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1344/geologicaacta2023.21.3","url":null,"abstract":"A state of the art of the Barremian Konservat-Lagerstätte of la Pedrera de Meià site (Southern Pyrenees) is compiled here including the acquisition of new geological data. The relevance of this site, together with the nearby la Cabroa site, is due to its paleobiotic richness and the fact that 113 holotypes and paratypes of flora and fauna have already been defined. Since its discovery at the end of the 19th century and its exploitation as a lithographic limestone quarry, the site has been the object of paleontological interest by national and foreign research teams that are summarized here (including the catalogue of 223 publications). A survey of the existing type specimens in collections all over Europe is also provided, being France and Germany, the countries where more fossils are hosted other than Spain. The geological frame of this site is also reviewed, by revisiting unpublished geological mappings (mainly that of Krusat, 1966) and integrating it in a comprehensive map that includes 4 revisited outcrops of lithographic limestone which could be potential paleontological sites. The available stratigraphic sections did allow the precise location of paleontological data and findings and environmental proxies. The stratigraphic sections obtained have a thickness of about 50m and contain a minimum of 40.000 limestone layers, being an approximation of the years represented in the la Pedrera de Meià site, and the time expanded of the lake during the Barremian.","PeriodicalId":55107,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Acta","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49249306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The elusive crustal resistive boundary beneath the Deccan Volcanic Province and the western Dharwar craton, India","authors":"Pratap Akkapolu, Pradeep Naick Bukke, K. K, R. Paluri, Naganjaneyulu Kasturi","doi":"10.1344/geologicaacta2023.21.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1344/geologicaacta2023.21.2","url":null,"abstract":"The electrical properties of the boundary beneath the Deccan Volcanic Province and the western Dharwar craton are imaged by using the magnetotelluric method. The magnetotelluric study was carried out along a 150km long WNW-ESE profile from Belgaum (in the Deccan Volcanic Province) to Haveri (in the western Dharwar craton).Data from 19 magnetotelluric stations spaced 10-15km apart were used. The dominant regional geo-electric strike direction obtained is N20ºE. Two-dimensional (2-D) inversion is done by using the non-linear conjugate gradient scheme for both apparent resistivity and phase. The 2-D resistivity model shows a high electrical resistivity character (>10,000ohm-m) in the western Dharwar craton. Two conductive anomalies are mapped in the crustal region. In the WNW side of the profile, a conductive feature (~200ohm-m) is imaged in the mid-lower crust and, in the central part of the profile another conductive feature is mapped in the lower crust. The conductive features robustness is tested using linear and non-linear sensitivity analyses. The conductor mapped in the WNW part of the profile is considered as a deep seated fault representing a boundary or a rift related feature beneath the Deccan Volcanic Province and the western Dharwar craton. A zone of enhanced conductivity (<50ohm-m) at an approximate depth of 10-30km may represent the presence of the rift in the region. This conducting feature on the Western side of the E-W trending Kaladgi Basin can be interpreted as the extension of the Kaladgi Basin further west. A well-correlated geological cross-section is also derived to interpret the resistive features mapped in this study. The electrical resistivity nature of the crust is compared with other regions of the world.","PeriodicalId":55107,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Acta","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47117646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tectonic geomorphology of Bozdoğan and Karacasu grabens, western Anatolia","authors":"E. Özsayın, K. Dirik, F. Ocakoğlu, Sanem Açıkalın Cartigny, Azad sağlam selcuk","doi":"10.1344/geologicaacta2023.21.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1344/geologicaacta2023.21.1","url":null,"abstract":"Western Anatolia is one of the most rapidly extending and seismically active regions in the world. The circa N-S extension since the Early Miocene caused the formation of E-W trending major grabens and intervening horsts, having earthquake potentials with magnitude ≥5. The E-W oriented Büyük Menderes graben cross-cuts the broadly N-S oriented Bozdoğan and Karacasu grabens, of which the boundary faults of the latter are the source of seismic activity. Geomorphic indices, including drainage basin asymmetry, mountain front sinuosity, valley-floor width to valley height ratio, stream length-gradient index and normalized channel steepness index, were used to evaluate the boundary fault segments of the Bozdoğan and Karacasu grabens. The results indicate that both grabens are tectonically active and therefore regions of earthquake potential, consistent with the epicenters of earthquakes. Thus, it can be inferred that fault segments of second-order grabens, which are crosscut by the boundary faults of seismically active main depressions, are apparently reactivated by ongoing tectonism and may represent seismic activity. This suggestion applies also for similar basins located in the western Anatolia.","PeriodicalId":55107,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Acta","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43069625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detrital zircon similarities and dissimilarities between the Iberian Pyrite Belt, Ossa-Morena Zone and Meguma","authors":"João Lains Amaral, A. R. Solá, T. M. Bento dos Santos, M. Chichorro","doi":"10.1344/geologicaacta2022.20.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1344/geologicaacta2022.20.16","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the so-called exotic nature of the South Portuguese Zone relatively to the other major domains of the Iberian Massif of peri-Gondwanan affinity, Devonian detrital rocks of the oldest strata in the Iberian Pyrite Belt have a remarkable resemblance with the Ossa-Morena Zone’s Neoproterozoic-Cambrian rocks and the West Meguma’s Cambrian-Ordovician rocks, presenting the so-called “West African signature”.","PeriodicalId":55107,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Acta","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45678743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}