Geothermics最新文献

{"title":"Evaluating naphthol and naphthalene as novel geothermal tracers, with potential application in supercritical systems","authors":"Lucjan Sajkowski ,&nbsp;Bhuvi Mongia ,&nbsp;Jim Johnston","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103412","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103412","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Naphthalene disulfonates, particularly 1,5-naphthalene disulfonate (1,5-NDS), are widely used as geothermal tracers, yet their behaviour under extreme thermal and flow conditions remains insufficiently understood. In this study, we examine the formation of 1,5-NDS key breakdown products: naphthalene, 1-naphthol, 2-naphthol, and 1-naphthalene sulfonate (1-NSA), under high-temperature flow-through conditions designed to simulate geothermal reservoirs. Experiments were conducted using geothermal brine at 350 °C and 400 °C across a range of flow rates, employing a custom-built flow-through reactor system. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was used to quantify reactants and degradation products over time. The results reveal that both temperature and residence time exert strong control on degradation rates and product profiles. At higher temperatures and lower flow rates, the formation of volatile products such as naphthalene and naphthols was favoured, indicating a shift toward desulfonation and aromatic ring rearrangement pathways. These findings provide important constraints on the stability and behaviour of 1,5-NDS in deep, high-temperature geothermal environments and offer a basis for refining tracer selection and test design in supercritical and near-supercritical systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55095,"journal":{"name":"Geothermics","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 103412"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144254326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling the U-pipe heat exchanger to estimate the borehole thermal resistances from distributed thermal response test data","authors":"Stefano Morchio ,&nbsp;Richard A. Beier","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103408","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103408","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The correct estimation of the parameters used by the design methods of the borehole heat exchangers (BHEs) is critical to achieve the desired performance of ground-source heat pumps (GSHPs). The present study provides methods for estimating these parameters from a distributed thermal response test (DTRT) for single and double U-tube BHEs. The focus is on the total internal borehole thermal resistance <em>R_a</em>, which is often overlooked by conventional analysis methods. Still, <em>R_a</em> becomes increasingly important as the borehole length increases. Parameter estimates have been obtained with the related uncertainties from a DTRT by using analytical models applied to both a measured data set and numerically simulated DTRT data sets. Results indicate that a uniform borehole-wall heat flux model outperforms a uniform borehole-wall temperature model in estimating the borehole and ground thermal properties. In addition, results demonstrate that using the transient inlet, outlet and bottom fluid temperatures instead of the complete vertical temperature profile in a DTRT is sufficient to give an accurate estimate of the borehole and ground properties, suggesting a more cost-effective measurement approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55095,"journal":{"name":"Geothermics","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 103408"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144241086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep learning–based three-dimensional terrestrial temperature modeling throughout Japan incorporating multiple crustal properties and spatial correlation with an application to critical point distribution","authors":"Yusei Ieki ,&nbsp;Katsuaki Koike,&nbsp;Taiki Kubo","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One of the most fundamental and essential issues for both ordinary and supercritical geothermal power generation is to specify hot zones with sufficient temperature and volume via the three-dimensionally estimated terrestrial temperature distribution from the surface to great depths over a wide area using well-temperature logging data. However, the amounts and locations of such data are generally limited, and target regions and depth ranges for temperature-at-depth predictions are generally narrow, and the targeted upper range of the temperature prediction is mostly lower than 250 °C. To overcome these problems, this study aims to enable an extensive temperature estimation by applying deep neural network (DNN) and neural kriging (NK) for targeting all of Japan. To supplement the temperature data, multiple crustal properties from geophysical and geochemical data, such as the Curie point depth, water quality of hot springs, active volcano distribution, and surface geology, are incorporated into the DNN and NK. The interpolation and extrapolation accuracies of the temperature logging data are evaluated using the holdout method, and the superiority of NK, especially for data extrapolation, is confirmed. Features of the NK temperature distribution that enable estimation of the temperature down to great depths with extremely sparse temperature logging data are determined and characterized. Using a three-dimensional temperature model, the distribution of the critical point of water is delineated throughout Japan and the expected resource densities are calculated under the condition of power generation using a steam flash system over 30 years. The results specify promising areas of supercritical geothermal resources, primarily located around typical active volcanoes, and large production power from a relatively shallow depth range over the long term.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55095,"journal":{"name":"Geothermics","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 103403"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144229784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fourier neural operator-based temperature field prediction model for fractured geothermal reservoirs: addressing diverse fracture morphologies and injection-production parameters","authors":"Yu Shi ,&nbsp;Congyue Liu ,&nbsp;Xianzhi Song ,&nbsp;Shuaitao Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103404","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Geothermal energy is a pristine source of clean energy. The repetitive numerical simulation of diverse injection parameters and fracture morphology represents a pivotal aspect in optimizing the development strategy for the efficient exploitation of fractured thermal reservoirs related to a number of practical demands: (1) quantifying how fracture morphology patterns govern thermal migration and heat extraction efficiency (2) simulating injection protocols to mitigate premature thermal breakthrough, and (3) assessing long-term reservoir sustainability under variable operational loads. Considering conventional numerical simulations struggle with computational complexity and latency, we propose a dataset construction framework coupled with a Fourier Neural Operator (FNO) model tailored to capture the interplay between fracture morphology variability and boundary condition dynamics. Initializing with near-pristine temperature fields, accurately mapping temporal temperature evolutions across 6-, 24-, and 60-month afterwards while accounting for geometrically complex fracture networks and operational parameters such as injection temperature/flow rate. Integrating these specialized models, we are able to generate extensive prediction results over an ultra-long period of time, spanning from 5 to 15 years, using a relatively arbitrary input within 1 min, requiring one input. Resolving these critical engineering unknowns with high computational efficiency, the framework enables real-time adaptive workflows, risk-informed drilling decisions, and sustainable yield maximization—advancements for geothermal project viability in fractured reservoirs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55095,"journal":{"name":"Geothermics","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 103404"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144220917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics and mechanism of the calcite scaling and plugging in DZK02 geothermal well, western Sichuan, China","authors":"Baolei Zhu ,&nbsp;Tianfu Xu ,&nbsp;Hongwu Lei ,&nbsp;Guanhong Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103349","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The issue of calcite scaling and plugging in geothermal wellbores and pipelines significantly hinders the development and utilization of geothermal energy. During an 8-day blowout test of the DZK02 geothermal well in Kangding, western Sichuan, China, it was observed that the scaling thickness reached 1 to 3 cm in the surface pipeline. This phenomenon involves complex processes such as multiphase flow, reactive solute transport, and mineral particle migration and deposition. In this study, we have incorporated the functionality of multiphase flow in wellbores into the general-purpose reactive transport program TOUGHREACT while integrating crystal scaling and particle scaling theories. We applied this program to analyze DZK02 geothermal well with a focus on investigating the mechanisms, characteristics, and influencing factors associated with calcite scaling and plugging. With limited information available on the wellhead conditions, we estimated bottom conditions and reproduced the entire blowout process. Our findings indicate that CO₂ partial pressure at the bottom ranges from 15 to 25 bar, which positively correlate with flash and scaling occurring at the depth. Most of the scale accumulates as particles within the surface pipeline because of the diameter change. This study presents a robust numerical simulation method for analyzing calcite scaling issues within geothermal systems, while providing valuable insights for future utilization strategies concerning DZK02 well.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55095,"journal":{"name":"Geothermics","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 103349"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144220916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on a ground source heat pump with horizontal ground heat exchanger buried in water-bearing sandy soil","authors":"Junhua Wu ,&nbsp;Haishan Li ,&nbsp;Guanyu Shao","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103405","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A ground source heat pump with horizontal ground heat exchanger buried in water-bearing sandy soil was studied. The system was used to heat a public building near the sea in the cold area of China. The slinky heat exchanger was buried under the beach with the sandy soil containing seawater. The heat transfer capacity of soil and heat pump system heating effect were studied. The results showed that the ground source heat pump system with horizontal ground heat exchanger under the beach had a good heating effect. The freezing and flow of seawater in sandy soil were conducive to the stable supply of heat energy, which ensured continuous heating of heat pump system in winter without auxiliary heat sources. The average coefficient of performance of the system during the heating period was guaranteed to be 2.25. Besides that, this GSHP system with HGHE buried in water-bearing sandy soil had obvious economic advantages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55095,"journal":{"name":"Geothermics","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 103405"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144213001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New insight into the shallow sub-surface for geothermal prospection of Puga valley, Ladakh, India from electrical resistivity tomography","authors":"Dewashish Kumar ,&nbsp;Arun Kumar Ojha ,&nbsp;Ved Prakash Maurya ,&nbsp;M. Satyanarayanan ,&nbsp;Ratnakar Dhakate ,&nbsp;Prakash Kumar ,&nbsp;Deepak Kumar ,&nbsp;Jitendra Singh Rathore","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103409","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103409","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Puga valley in Ladakh, India, is one of the most significant geothermal fields in the Himalayan belt, marked by extensive hot springs with enriched mineralisation. This study applies a dense coverage of Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) data to investigate the subsurface geological features, structural controls, and hydrogeological conditions influencing geothermal fluid dynamics. In the present study, ten ERT profile results across the valley were analysed, revealing low-resistivity anomalies (&lt;1 to 10 Ω.m) associated with geothermal fluid pathways, particularly in the eastern zone. In contrast, high-resistivity zones (400 – 2500 Ω.m) in the western part of the Puga valley represent compact hard rocks and shallow basement structures of the Tso Morari Crystalline. Two distinct fluid-saturated zones are identified from the ERT model results. The first zone lies parallel to the ground, typically at a shallow level of around 20–30 m. The second fluid-saturated zone delineates a fault structure, as fluid conduits from the near surface zone to as deep as 140 m. Additionally, the 3D resistivity model reveals an ENE-WSW trending linear conductive body on the eastern side of the valley. In contrast, a resistive body, the Tso Morari Crystalline, dominates the western part of the valley. Based on these observations, three potential sites are identified for exploratory drilling for future exploitation of the geothermal resources. These findings provide crucial insights for geothermal energy exploration from the geological and structural understanding as well as the futuristic perspective in Puga valley, highlighting the efficacy of ERT mapping for geothermal prospecting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55095,"journal":{"name":"Geothermics","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 103409"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144213002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance investigation of double tube ground heat exchanger by adjusting the inner tube position and consideration of bending effect","authors":"Md. Sohag Hossain ,&nbsp;Md. Hasan Ali ,&nbsp;Nahyan Ahnaf Pratik ,&nbsp;Nafisa Lubaba ,&nbsp;Akio Miyara","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103406","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The thermal energy that is stored in the ground can be extracted and used in our daily lives by a ground-source heat pump (GSHP) system. A ground heat exchanger (GHE) is a very important part of the GSHP system. This study investigates the performance of double tube GHE under two practical installation scenarios: moving the inner tube away from the center and bending of the inner tube. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and High-density polyethylene (HDPE) were utilized as inner tube materials. The performance of GHE was numerically tested by moving the PVC inner pipe at various distances, including 12.5 mm, 22.5 mm, and 32.5 mm from the center, since the inner tube moves away from the center when the support plate is not used during installation. The inner tube, which is long and thin, bends, however. Because HDPE is more flexible than PVC, the performance was tested in one case for PVC, involving 4 bends, and three cases for HDPE, involving 4, 8, and 12 bends. The outlet temperature, pressure drop, heat exchange rate, and temperature distribution are numerically analyzed and compared with conventional for each of those scenarios. When an inner tube moves away from the center, the heat exchange rate deviates from traditional by 3.68 %, 3.06 %, and 0.45 %, respectively. In comparison to straight traditional, the bending scenario showed a 1.09 % change for PVC pipe and a 0.93 %, 2.28 %, and 3.54 % change for HDPE pipe. The rate of heat exchange and the pressure drop both slightly increased in the bending condition. When the inner pipe was closer to the outer wall, the degradation of the performance was not significant. The findings suggest that keeping the inner pipe in center position by using support plates is not crucial to maintain maximum heat transfer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55095,"journal":{"name":"Geothermics","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 103406"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144195009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A conceptual model and changing trends for the Yangbajing geothermal field in the Tibetan Plateau: New insights from hydrochemistry and multi-isotopes","authors":"Huan Luo ,&nbsp;Xingcheng Yuan ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Zhao ,&nbsp;Ying Wang ,&nbsp;Hua Wu ,&nbsp;Peng Zhou ,&nbsp;Haichao Zhang ,&nbsp;Gongxi Liu ,&nbsp;Yunhui Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103391","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103391","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-temperature geothermal resources have enormous potential for geothermal power generation, such as the first and largest geothermal power station of the Yangbajing geothermal field (YGF) in China. However, the understanding of geothermal genesis has yet to be improved, and changes in the geothermal system under long-term exploitation remain unclear, hampering the sustainable development of the YGF. Hence, this study conducted hydrochemical and multi-isotopic (D-O-Sr-Li-C) isotopic analyses to improve the genesis model of the YGF and to investigate the changes in the geothermal system compared with the samples from 1995 and 2006. The results show that the hydrochemical processes are mainly determined by the leaching of silicate minerals (albite and K-feldspar) and cation exchange. δD and δ¹⁸O indicate that the recharge source is primarily snowmelt water (5,221–5,788 m) from the Nyenchen Tonglha Mountains, mixed with the magmatic fluids (10–20 %). δ¹³C results suggest that the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) is derived from the thermal decomposition of deep marine carbonate rocks and magma degassing, and the corrected ¹⁴C ages show the residence time of geothermal waters is from 16,035 to 28,283 years. ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and δ⁷Li results identify that geothermal waters are formed by mixing between deep melt and shallow cold water, which are stored in a Pliocene granite reservoir. The comparisons with previous data show that the hydrochemical types of geothermal waters changed from Cl-Na in 1995 and 2006 to Cl·HCO₃-Na and HCO₃-Na in 2022. The hydrochemical differences are caused by the decreasing contribution (20–26 % to 10–20 %) of deep fluids and the increasing mixing (55 % to 68 %) of snowmelt water due to continuous exploitation and rising global temperatures over decades. Therefore, the reservoir temperatures declined from 274 °C to 189 °C from 1995 to 2022. The research achievements deepen the understanding of the geothermal genesis and clarify the changes of geothermal systems under long-term exploitation in the YGF, providing a scientific basis for the sustainable utilization of the high-temperature geothermal fields worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55095,"journal":{"name":"Geothermics","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 103391"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144185387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrochemistry and isotope geochemistry of Bailing geothermal water in northwest Jiangxi: Implications for water-rock interaction","authors":"Xinghua Shi ,&nbsp;Ximin Bai ,&nbsp;Zhanxue Sun ,&nbsp;Jinhui Liu ,&nbsp;Hailong Ye ,&nbsp;Longlong Pang ,&nbsp;Gongxin Chen ,&nbsp;Haohao Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103402","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Geothermal energy development and utilization can contribute to the achievement of China's dual carbon goals and energy security. Bailing area in northwest Jiangxi province is abundant of geothermal manifestations like hot springs and geothermal wells. However, due to the limited understanding of the genetic mechanism of these geothermal resources, the utilization efficiency of these geothermal waters is not sufficient at present. In this study, the hydrochemcial characteristics and water-rock interaction process of geothermal waters of 3 typical hot springs and 3 geothermal wells in Bailing area were researched by using hydrogeochemistry, isotope geochemistry, multi-mineral equilibrium simulation and silicon enthalpy graphic method. The results show that the geothermal waters in Bailing area are HCO₃-Na type weakly alkaline silicon-fluorine water with temperature 32.7–85 °C, pH 8.27–8.82, H₂SiO₃ 77.74–115.36 mg/L and F^- 3.74–5.47 mg/L. These geothermal waters have experienced a very strong water-rock interaction process, isotope and ion exchanges, resulting in the enrichment of ion component and trace elements (such as Al, B, Li, Sc, Ti, V, W, Rb, Ga, Mo, Cs and U). Geothermal waters originate from atmospheric precipitation with the recharge elevation varying from 243 m to 1455 m, and then infiltrated to depth about 4–5 Km to be heated along weathering fissures and secondary faults. The radioactive heat generation of granites provided the heat source and the reservoir temperature determined by quartz geothermometer ranges from 109.9 to 130.6 °C. After undergoing a deep circulation of 2483 to 3034 years, these geothermal waters emerged on the surface along the northeast-trending fault to form hot springs, and mixed with cold water (mixing ratio: 21 %-67 %) during the rising process. ‌This research is helpful to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the origin, circulation and evolution of geothermal waters in Bailing area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55095,"journal":{"name":"Geothermics","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 103402"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144177800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}