IBM Journal of Research and Development最新文献_第7页

Redefining IBM power system design for CORAL 为CORAL重新定义IBM电力系统设计

IF 1.3 4区计算机科学

IBM Journal of Research and Development Pub Date : 2020-01-03 DOI: 10.1147/JRD.2019.2963637

S. Roberts;C. Mann;C. Marroquin

{"title":"Redefining IBM power system design for CORAL","authors":"S. Roberts;C. Mann;C. Marroquin","doi":"10.1147/JRD.2019.2963637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1147/JRD.2019.2963637","url":null,"abstract":"Stipulations in the 2014 Collaboration of Oak Ridge, Argonne, and Livermore (CORAL) joint procurement activity not only motivated a fundamental change in IBM's high-performance computer design, which refocused IBM power systems on compute nodes that can scale to 200 petaflops with access to 2.5 PB of memory, but also served the commercial market for single-server applications. The distribution of both processing elements and memory required a careful look at data movement. The resultant AC922 POWER9 system features NVIDIA V100 GPUs with cache line access granularity, more than double the IO bandwidth of PCIe Gen3, and low-latency interfaces interconnected by the state-of-the-art dual-rail Mellanox CAPI EDR HCAs running at 50 Gb/s. With processing units designed to operate at 250 and 300 W, a single system can produce up to 3,080 kW. The overall CORAL solutions achieved power usage effectiveness rankings in the top ten on the Green500. Previous power designs used uniquely designed cabinets and scaled-up infrastructure to achieve efficiency. For successful commercial use, our design uses industry-standard 19-in drawers and racks. Both air- and water-cooled solutions allow for use in a wide range of customer environments. This article documents the novel design features that facilitate data movement and enable new coherent programming models. It describes how three generations of system designs became the foundation for the CORAL contract fulfillment and illustrates key features and specifications of the final product.","PeriodicalId":55034,"journal":{"name":"IBM Journal of Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1147/JRD.2019.2963637","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49978543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Preface: Disaster Response and Management 前言:灾害响应与管理

IF 1.3 4区计算机科学

IBM Journal of Research and Development Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1147/JRD.2020.2966837

引用次数: 0

Numerical Simulation of the Combustion Chamber for a New Reference Combustion Calorimeter 新型参考燃烧量热计燃烧室的数值模拟

IF 1.3 4区计算机科学

IBM Journal of Research and Development Pub Date : 2019-12-31 DOI: 10.35429/jrd.2019.16.5.12.20

Eli González-Durán, M. Zamora-Antuñano, L. Lira-Cortes, N. Méndez-Lozano

{"title":"Numerical Simulation of the Combustion Chamber for a New Reference Combustion Calorimeter","authors":"Eli González-Durán, M. Zamora-Antuñano, L. Lira-Cortes, N. Méndez-Lozano","doi":"10.35429/jrd.2019.16.5.12.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35429/jrd.2019.16.5.12.20","url":null,"abstract":"The Centro Nacional de Metrología is developing a reference calorimeter to measure the superior calorific value of natural gas in collaboration with the Instituto Tecnológico de Celaya. We present the study of the combustion chamber for two formulations a steady state (already published) against the transient state. The study of the combustion chamber is performed employing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) through FLUENT®. For this work, specific parameters were set to define and simulate the combustion process involving the exchange of energy, momentum and mass transfer. In this work, we present simulations performed in steady and transient state, for which was used the Eddy Dissipation Model (EDM). Is shown the simulation of two geometries for the combustion chamber; one cylindrical body a hemispherical lid and the other elliptical, which was proposed to increase the area to heat transfer to the surrounding medium, water in our case. The criterion for selection is the chamber that achieves the lowest temperature for waste combustion gases at the exit. Achieved by the cylindrical chamber with a hemispherical lid in the first 4 seconds with a difference of 0.4 °C lower than the elliptical chamber.","PeriodicalId":55034,"journal":{"name":"IBM Journal of Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74392325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Oral health in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 from the faculty of dentistry in San Francisco de Campeche 2016 旧金山坎佩切牙科学院2016年2型糖尿病患者的口腔健康

IF 1.3 4区计算机科学

IBM Journal of Research and Development Pub Date : 2019-12-31 DOI: 10.35429/10.35429/jrd.2019.16.5.28.37

Graciella Rosado-Vila, Rafael Zapata-May, Fátima Sansores-Ambrosio, Jorge Vidal-Paredes

引用次数: 0

Methodology for pattern determination in electroencephalographic signals 脑电图信号模式测定方法

IF 1.3 4区计算机科学

IBM Journal of Research and Development Pub Date : 2019-12-31 DOI: 10.35429/jrd.2019.16.5.21.27

J. J. Esqueda-Elizondo, D. A. Trujillo-Toledo, M. A. Pinto-Ramos, Roberto Alejandro Reyes-Martínez

{"title":"Methodology for pattern determination in electroencephalographic signals","authors":"J. J. Esqueda-Elizondo, D. A. Trujillo-Toledo, M. A. Pinto-Ramos, Roberto Alejandro Reyes-Martínez","doi":"10.35429/jrd.2019.16.5.21.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35429/jrd.2019.16.5.21.27","url":null,"abstract":"A methodology for the selection and determination of electroencephalographic (EEG) signal patterns is presented at the case study level, which can later be used as on-off control signals in other applications. Electroencephalographic signals are acquired through the use of a brain-computer interface (BCI). These systems capture electrical signals from the cortex of the brain and transfer them to a computer so that they can be analyzed by algorithms and some action is taken. In this case, the EEG signals are acquired through the wireless 14-channel Epoc+ platform. The methodology used consists first in acquiring signals from the user sample in three scenarios: in relaxation, thinking about turning on and off. Subsequently, the wavelet transform of each of the channels is obtained for each of the cases and the most significant coefficients are taken into account. Then, through digital signal processing algorithms, descriptive parameters are obtained for the on and off cases, which are used as patterns to describe each of the actions. With this information, a comparison between the incoming signals and the previously stored patterns is made to execute one of the established commands.","PeriodicalId":55034,"journal":{"name":"IBM Journal of Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90102648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Low-cost method for quantification of hydrogen and methane in continuous flow bioreactors 连续流生物反应器中氢和甲烷定量的低成本方法

IF 1.3 4区计算机科学

IBM Journal of Research and Development Pub Date : 2019-12-31 DOI: 10.35429/jrd.2019.16.5.1.6

Silvino Rojas-Escobar, B. González-Contreras, Patricia Jaramillo-Quintero, Antonio Guevara-García

{"title":"Low-cost method for quantification of hydrogen and methane in continuous flow bioreactors","authors":"Silvino Rojas-Escobar, B. González-Contreras, Patricia Jaramillo-Quintero, Antonio Guevara-García","doi":"10.35429/jrd.2019.16.5.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35429/jrd.2019.16.5.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Bioreactors of industrial scale for gaseous biofuels constitute a field of research worldwide. Automation at a profitable technical and economic level has not been possible because of fluctuating biological systems. The quantification of biogas in continuous flow is difficult to implement by Gas Chromatography and it is very expensive in account of special sensors. In this work, we developed a system with MQ8 hydrogen and MQ4 methane sensors, used in the detection of industrial leaks, for the determination of gas concentration. The sensors were installed on Arduino cards and programmed to plot the concentration in real time. Calibration curves were made for these sensors making use of a standardized mixture of gases, in hermetic jars of known volume. The result is exponential and reproducible, and when using real biogas samples, no problems of interference with other gases are observed. The prototypes are very low cost with respect to the GC equipment and can be installed at the gas outlet of bioreactors with a mechatronic system that allows the monitoring of the composition in real time, which will allow to obtain microbial kinetics in semi-continuous flow in a very economical way.","PeriodicalId":55034,"journal":{"name":"IBM Journal of Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88198745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transformation of kinetic energy to electrical energy through a static system to recharge electronic devices 通过静态系统将动能转化为电能，给电子设备充电

IF 1.3 4区计算机科学

IBM Journal of Research and Development Pub Date : 2019-12-31 DOI: 10.35429/jrd.2019.16.5.7.11

M. Prado-Salazar, José Gabriel Barboza-Briones

引用次数: 0

OpenMP 4.5 compiler optimization for GPU offloading openmp4.5编译器优化GPU卸载

IF 1.3 4区计算机科学

IBM Journal of Research and Development Pub Date : 2019-12-25 DOI: 10.1147/JRD.2019.2962428

E. Tiotto;B. Mahjour;W. Tsang;X. Xue;T. Islam;W. Chen

{"title":"OpenMP 4.5 compiler optimization for GPU offloading","authors":"E. Tiotto;B. Mahjour;W. Tsang;X. Xue;T. Islam;W. Chen","doi":"10.1147/JRD.2019.2962428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1147/JRD.2019.2962428","url":null,"abstract":"Ability to efficiently offload computational workloads to graphic processing units (GPUs) is critical for the success of hybrid CPU–GPU architectures, such as the Summit and Sierra supercomputing systems. OpenMP 4.5 is a high-level programming model that enables the development of architecture- and accelerator-independent applications. This article describes aspects of the OpenMP implementation in the IBM XL C/C++ and XL Fortran OpenMP compilers that aid programmers to achieve performance objectives. This includes an interprocedural static analysis the XL optimizer uses to specialize code generation of the OpenMP \u0000<italic>distribute parallel do</i>\u0000 loop within the dynamic context of a target region, and other compiler optimizations designed to reduce the overhead of data transferred to an offloaded target region. We introduce the heuristic used at runtime to select optimal grid sizes for offloaded target team constructs. These tuned heuristics lead to an average improvement of 2× in the runtime of several target regions in the SPEC ACCEL V1.2 benchmark suite. In addition to performance enhancement, this article also presents an advanced diagnostic feature implemented in the XL Fortran compiler to aid in debugging OpenMP applications offloaded to accelerators.","PeriodicalId":55034,"journal":{"name":"IBM Journal of Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1147/JRD.2019.2962428","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49948701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Understanding requirements and issues in disaster area using geotemporal visualization of Twitter analysis 使用Twitter分析的实时可视化来理解灾区的需求和问题

IF 1.3 4区计算机科学

IBM Journal of Research and Development Pub Date : 2019-12-25 DOI: 10.1147/JRD.2019.2962491

A. Murakami;T. Nasukawa;K. Watanabe;M. Hatayama

{"title":"Understanding requirements and issues in disaster area using geotemporal visualization of Twitter analysis","authors":"A. Murakami;T. Nasukawa;K. Watanabe;M. Hatayama","doi":"10.1147/JRD.2019.2962491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1147/JRD.2019.2962491","url":null,"abstract":"During disasters, requirements and situations on the ground change very rapidly. Moreover, they depend on timing and location; thus, it is very hard to understand them in a timely manner. Social media may contain such information with the posted time and the location information. However, it is difficult to extract situational requirements from numbers of conflicting sources. In this article, we propose a system that enables us to find out such useful information from social media and visualize it to understand the data easily. The system is divided into two steps. The first step is to extract requirements and issues from textual data, such as “We cannot buy gas here” or “We are short of batteries,” using natural language processing (NLP) technologies. The system also uses NLP to extract geolocation information, such as city names and location landmarks. The second step is to visualize the results in a timely and geolocated manner. We show the system results with using real Twitter data from the Kumamoto Earthquake in 2016. By visualizing the information, the personnel in the disaster area, such as the local governments and/or volunteer organizations, can utilize this information very effectively. For instance, they can decide how to distribute food and water in the disaster area and also how to implement and responsed to their logistics.","PeriodicalId":55034,"journal":{"name":"IBM Journal of Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1147/JRD.2019.2962491","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49953416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Building a high-performance resilient scalable storage cluster for CORAL using IBM ESS 使用IBM ESS为CORAL构建高性能弹性可扩展存储集群

IF 1.3 4区计算机科学

IBM Journal of Research and Development Pub Date : 2019-12-25 DOI: 10.1147/JRD.2019.2962452

R. Islam;G. Shah

{"title":"Building a high-performance resilient scalable storage cluster for CORAL using IBM ESS","authors":"R. Islam;G. Shah","doi":"10.1147/JRD.2019.2962452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1147/JRD.2019.2962452","url":null,"abstract":"A high-performance, scalable, and resilient storage subsystem is essential for delivering and maintaining consistent performance and high utilization expected from a modern supercomputer. IBM delivered two systems under the CORAL program, both of which used IBM Spectrum Scale and IBM Elastic Storage Server (ESS) as the storage solution. The larger of the two CORAL clusters is composed of 77 building blocks of ESS, each of which consists of a pair of high-performance I/O Server nodes connected to four high-density storage enclosures. These ESS building blocks are interconnected via a redundant InfiniBand EDR network to form a storage cluster that provides a global namespace aggregating performance over 32,000 commodity disks. The IBM Spectrum Scale for ESS runs high-performance erasure coding on each building block and provides a single global name space across all the building blocks. The IBM Spectrum Scale features deliver a highly resilient, high-performance storage subsystem using ESS. These features include recent improvements for efficient buffer management and fast efficient low-latency communication. CORAL I/O performance results include large-block streaming throughput of over 2.4 TB/s, ability to create over 1 M 32-KB files per second, and enabling an aggregate rate of 30 K zero-length file creates per second in a shared directory from multiple nodes. This article describes the design and implementation of the ESS storage cluster; the innovations required to meet the performance, scale, manageability, and reliability goals; and challenges we had to overcome as we deployed a system of such unprecedented I/O capabilities.","PeriodicalId":55034,"journal":{"name":"IBM Journal of Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49948803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0