Pengjiang Qian, Fu-Lai Chung, Shitong Wang, Zhaohong Deng
{"title":"Fast graph-based relaxed clustering for large data sets using minimal enclosing ball.","authors":"Pengjiang Qian, Fu-Lai Chung, Shitong Wang, Zhaohong Deng","doi":"10.1109/TSMCB.2011.2172604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMCB.2011.2172604","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although graph-based relaxed clustering (GRC) is one of the spectral clustering algorithms with straightforwardness and self-adaptability, it is sensitive to the parameters of the adopted similarity measure and also has high time complexity O(N(3)) which severely weakens its usefulness for large data sets. In order to overcome these shortcomings, after introducing certain constraints for GRC, an enhanced version of GRC [constrained GRC (CGRC)] is proposed to increase the robustness of GRC to the parameters of the adopted similarity measure, and accordingly, a novel algorithm called fast GRC (FGRC) based on CGRC is developed in this paper by using the core-set-based minimal enclosing ball approximation. A distinctive advantage of FGRC is that its asymptotic time complexity is linear with the data set size N. At the same time, FGRC also inherits the straightforwardness and self-adaptability from GRC, making the proposed FGRC a fast and effective clustering algorithm for large data sets. The advantages of FGRC are validated by various benchmarking and real data sets.</p>","PeriodicalId":55006,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Part B-Cybernetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/TSMCB.2011.2172604","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30446469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Symbolic dynamic filtering and language measure for behavior identification of mobile robots.","authors":"Goutham Mallapragada, Asok Ray, Xin Jin","doi":"10.1109/TSMCB.2011.2172419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMCB.2011.2172419","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper presents a procedure for behavior identification of mobile robots, which requires limited or no domain knowledge of the underlying process. While the features of robot behavior are extracted by symbolic dynamic filtering of the observed time series, the behavior patterns are classified based on language measure theory. The behavior identification procedure has been experimentally validated on a networked robotic test bed by comparison with commonly used tools, namely, principal component analysis for feature extraction and Bayesian risk analysis for pattern classification.</p>","PeriodicalId":55006,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Part B-Cybernetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/TSMCB.2011.2172419","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40139579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A price- and-time-slot-negotiation mechanism for Cloud service reservations.","authors":"Seokho Son, Kwang Mong Sim","doi":"10.1109/TSMCB.2011.2174355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMCB.2011.2174355","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When making reservations for Cloud services, consumers and providers need to establish service-level agreements through negotiation. Whereas it is essential for both a consumer and a provider to reach an agreement on the price of a service and when to use the service, to date, there is little or no negotiation support for both price and time-slot negotiations (PTNs) for Cloud service reservations. This paper presents a multi-issue negotiation mechanism to facilitate the following: 1) PTNs between Cloud agents and 2) tradeoff between price and time-slot utilities. Unlike many existing negotiation mechanisms in which a negotiation agent can only make one proposal at a time, agents in this work are designed to concurrently make multiple proposals in a negotiation round that generate the same aggregated utility, differing only in terms of individual price and time-slot utilities. Another novelty of this work is formulating a novel time-slot utility function that characterizes preferences for different time slots. These ideas are implemented in an agent-based Cloud testbed. Using the testbed, experiments were carried out to compare this work with related approaches. Empirical results show that PTN agents reach faster agreements and achieve higher utilities than other related approaches. A case study was carried out to demonstrate the application of the PTN mechanism for pricing Cloud resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":55006,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Part B-Cybernetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/TSMCB.2011.2174355","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30344777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Voting among virtually generated versions of a classification problem.","authors":"Aboozar Hosseinzadeh, Ali M Reza","doi":"10.1109/TSMCB.2011.2177084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMCB.2011.2177084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A classifier combining strategy, virtual voting by random projection (VVRP), is presented. VVRP takes advantage from the bounded distortion incurred by random projection in order to improve accuracies of stable classifiers like discriminant analysis (DA) where existing classifier combining strategies are known to be failed. It uses the distortion to virtually generate different training sets from the total available training samples in a way that does not have the potential for overfitting. Then, a majority voting combines the base learners trained on these versions of the original problem. VVRP is very simple and just needs determining a proper dimensionality for the versions, an often very easy task. It is shown to be stable in a very large region of the hyperplane constructed by the dimensionality and the number of the versions. VVRP improves the best state-of-the-art DA algorithms in both small and large sample size problems in various classification fields.</p>","PeriodicalId":55006,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Part B-Cybernetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/TSMCB.2011.2177084","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30374608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shaoting Zhang, Junzhou Huang, Hongsheng Li, Dimitris N Metaxas
{"title":"Automatic image annotation and retrieval using group sparsity.","authors":"Shaoting Zhang, Junzhou Huang, Hongsheng Li, Dimitris N Metaxas","doi":"10.1109/TSMCB.2011.2179533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMCB.2011.2179533","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Automatically assigning relevant text keywords to images is an important problem. Many algorithms have been proposed in the past decade and achieved good performance. Efforts have focused upon model representations of keywords, whereas properties of features have not been well investigated. In most cases, a group of features is preselected, yet important feature properties are not well used to select features. In this paper, we introduce a regularization-based feature selection algorithm to leverage both the sparsity and clustering properties of features, and incorporate it into the image annotation task. Using this group-sparsity-based method, the whole group of features [e.g., red green blue (RGB) or hue, saturation, and value (HSV)] is either selected or removed. Thus, we do not need to extract this group of features when new data comes. A novel approach is also proposed to iteratively obtain similar and dissimilar pairs from both the keyword similarity and the relevance feedback. Thus, keyword similarity is modeled in the annotation framework. We also show that our framework can be employed in image retrieval tasks by selecting different image pairs. Extensive experiments are designed to compare the performance between features, feature combinations, and regularization-based feature selection methods applied on the image annotation task, which gives insight into the properties of features in the image annotation task. The experimental results demonstrate that the group-sparsity-based method is more accurate and stable than others.</p>","PeriodicalId":55006,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Part B-Cybernetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/TSMCB.2011.2179533","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30389846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A hierarchical gene regulatory network for adaptive multirobot pattern formation.","authors":"Yaochu Jin, Hongliang Guo, Yan Meng","doi":"10.1109/TSMCB.2011.2178021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMCB.2011.2178021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most existing multirobot systems for pattern formation rely on a predefined pattern, which is impractical for dynamic environments where the pattern to be formed should be able to change as the environment changes. In addition, adaptation to environmental changes should be realized based only on local perception of the robots. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical gene regulatory network (H-GRN) for adaptive multirobot pattern generation and formation in changing environments. The proposed model is a two-layer gene regulatory network (GRN), where the first layer is responsible for adaptive pattern generation for the given environment, while the second layer is a decentralized control mechanism that drives the robots onto the pattern generated by the first layer. An evolutionary algorithm is adopted to evolve the parameters of the GRN subnetwork in layer 1 for optimizing the generated pattern. The parameters of the GRN in layer 2 are also optimized to improve the convergence performance. Simulation results demonstrate that the H-GRN is effective in forming the desired pattern in a changing environment. Robustness of the H-GRN to robot failure is also examined. A proof-of-concept experiment using e-puck robots confirms the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed model.</p>","PeriodicalId":55006,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Part B-Cybernetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/TSMCB.2011.2178021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30441722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huchuan Lu, Guoliang Fang, Xinqing Shao, Xuelong Li
{"title":"Segmenting human from photo images based on a coarse-to-fine scheme.","authors":"Huchuan Lu, Guoliang Fang, Xinqing Shao, Xuelong Li","doi":"10.1109/TSMCB.2011.2182048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMCB.2011.2182048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human segmentation in photo images is a challenging and important problem that finds numerous applications ranging from album making and photo classification to image retrieval. Previous works on human segmentation usually demand a time-consuming training phase for complex shape-matching processes. In this paper, we propose a straightforward framework to automatically recover human bodies from color photos. Employing a coarse-to-fine strategy, we first detect a coarse torso (CT) using the multicue CT detection algorithm and then extract the accurate region of the upper body. Then, an iterative multiple oblique histogram algorithm is presented to accurately recover the lower body based on human kinematics. The performance of our algorithm is evaluated on our own data set (contains 197 images with human body region ground truth data), VOC 2006, and the 2010 data set. Experimental results demonstrate the merits of the proposed method in segmenting a person with various poses.</p>","PeriodicalId":55006,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Part B-Cybernetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/TSMCB.2011.2182048","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30411702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ou Wu, Weiming Hu, Stephen J Maybank, Mingliang Zhu, Bing Li
{"title":"Efficient clustering aggregation based on data fragments.","authors":"Ou Wu, Weiming Hu, Stephen J Maybank, Mingliang Zhu, Bing Li","doi":"10.1109/TSMCB.2012.2183591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMCB.2012.2183591","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clustering aggregation, known as clustering ensembles, has emerged as a powerful technique for combining different clustering results to obtain a single better clustering. Existing clustering aggregation algorithms are applied directly to data points, in what is referred to as the point-based approach. The algorithms are inefficient if the number of data points is large. We define an efficient approach for clustering aggregation based on data fragments. In this fragment-based approach, a data fragment is any subset of the data that is not split by any of the clustering results. To establish the theoretical bases of the proposed approach, we prove that clustering aggregation can be performed directly on data fragments under two widely used goodness measures for clustering aggregation taken from the literature. Three new clustering aggregation algorithms are described. The experimental results obtained using several public data sets show that the new algorithms have lower computational complexity than three well-known existing point-based clustering aggregation algorithms (Agglomerative, Furthest, and LocalSearch); nevertheless, the new algorithms do not sacrifice the accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":55006,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Part B-Cybernetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/TSMCB.2012.2183591","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30459270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Learning of fuzzy cognitive maps using density estimate.","authors":"Wojciech Stach, Witold Pedrycz, Lukasz A Kurgan","doi":"10.1109/TSMCB.2011.2182646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMCB.2011.2182646","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fuzzy cognitive maps (FCMs) are convenient and widely used architectures for modeling dynamic systems, which are characterized by a great deal of flexibility and adaptability. Several recent works in this area concern strategies for the development of FCMs. Although a few fully automated algorithms to learn these models from data have been introduced, the resulting FCMs are structurally considerably different than those developed by human experts. In particular, maps that were learned from data are much denser (with the density over 90% versus about 40% density of maps developed by humans). The sparseness of the maps is associated with their interpretability: the smaller the number of connections is, the higher is the transparency of the map. To this end, a novel learning approach, sparse real-coded genetic algorithms (SRCGAs), to learn FCMs is proposed. The method utilizes a density parameter to guide the learning toward a formation of maps of a certain predefined density. Comparative tests carried out for both synthetic and real-world data demonstrate that, given a suitable density estimate, the SRCGA method significantly outperforms other state-of-the-art learning methods. When the density estimate is unknown, the new method can be used in an automated fashion using a default value, and it is still able to produce models whose performance exceeds or is equal to the performance of the models generated by other methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":55006,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Part B-Cybernetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/TSMCB.2011.2182646","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30469450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Deadlock-free genetic scheduling algorithm for automated manufacturing systems based on deadlock control policy.","authors":"KeYi Xing, LiBin Han, MengChu Zhou, Feng Wang","doi":"10.1109/TSMCB.2011.2170678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMCB.2011.2170678","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Deadlock-free control and scheduling are vital for optimizing the performance of automated manufacturing systems (AMSs) with shared resources and route flexibility. Based on the Petri net models of AMSs, this paper embeds the optimal deadlock avoidance policy into the genetic algorithm and develops a novel deadlock-free genetic scheduling algorithm for AMSs. A possible solution of the scheduling problem is coded as a chromosome representation that is a permutation with repetition of parts. By using the one-step look-ahead method in the optimal deadlock control policy, the feasibility of a chromosome is checked, and infeasible chromosomes are amended into feasible ones, which can be easily decoded into a feasible deadlock-free schedule. The chromosome representation and polynomial complexity of checking and amending procedures together support the cooperative aspect of genetic search for scheduling problems strongly.</p>","PeriodicalId":55006,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Part B-Cybernetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/TSMCB.2011.2170678","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30271932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}