IET Communications最新文献

{"title":"Automatic Modulation Classification via Recurrent Self-Attention with Weight Non-Negative Constraint","authors":"Shilong Zhang,&nbsp;Yu Song,&nbsp;Shubin Wang","doi":"10.1049/cmu2.70025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cmu2.70025","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) has led to an increasingly prominent issue of spectrum resource scarcity. To effectively address this shortage, automatic modulation classification (AMC) has emerged as one of the critical factors. Most existing deep learning-based AMC methods rely on supervised attention models. However, these approaches have not fully accounted for the inherent characteristics of modulation signals and feature sparsity. In response, this paper proposes a weight non-negative constraint recurrent self-attention (WNRSA) model. This model incorporates a recurrent attention module (RAM) within an autoencoder architecture, creating a recurrent self-attention extraction mechanism that enhances multi-dimensional feature representations. RAM comprises three types of attention modules: spatial, frequency, and temporal. The point attention model (PAM) extracts local spatial information to emphasize critical regions in the image. The frequency attention model (FAM) captures salient features at different scales in the frequency domain, reducing noise sensitivity to details and high-frequency information. The time attention model (TAM) captures temporal information, strengthening the ability to extract dynamic features. Additionally, we introduce weight non-negative constraint and KL-divergence regularization term to optimize the WNRSA model's loss function, achieving sparser feature representations and reducing sensitivity to noise. Experimental results demonstrate that the WNRSA model achieves superior performance across various signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":55001,"journal":{"name":"IET Communications","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/cmu2.70025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection Strategies for MIMO-GFDM-IM System","authors":"José Luis Calpa Juajinoy,&nbsp;João Cal-Braz,&nbsp;Raimundo Sampaio-Neto","doi":"10.1049/cmu2.70016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cmu2.70016","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper is dedicated to the study of the multiple-input multiple-output generalized frequency division multiplexing with index modulation (MIMO-GFDM-IM) wireless communication system. This system garners significant interest for future communications technologies due to its notable features, such as high spectral efficiency, energy efficiency, and robustness against multipath propagation channels. Preceding the study of the system, the model of signals and systems for MIMO-GFDM is developed based on the MIMO orthogonal frequency division multiplexing model and detection strategies for the system are presented. A new proposal for MIMO-GFDM detection, based on two filtering phases, is presented, resulting in an attractive tradeoff between detection performance and computational complexity. The presented system model is then extended to include index modulation as an information carrier, resulting in the MIMO-GFDM-IM system. Different proposals for detectors based on processing the complete channel matrix and also for detectors of reduced complexity are evaluated, from the perspective of detection performance and computational complexity.</p>","PeriodicalId":55001,"journal":{"name":"IET Communications","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/cmu2.70016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Analysis of RIS-Assisted Relay Systems","authors":"Guoqing Dong,&nbsp;Zhen Yang,&nbsp;Youhong Feng,&nbsp;Bin Lyu","doi":"10.1049/cmu2.70023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cmu2.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is an emerging technology that can enhance service coverage and spectral efficiency in sixth-generation wireless networks. In contrast, relays are a traditional technique for achieving coverage extension. To explore potential benefits, we investigate three probable RIS-relay cascaded scenarios over Nakagami-<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mi>m</mi>\u0000 <annotation>$emph {m}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> fading channels, where the full-duplex relay is utilized for ensuring spectral efficiency. To evaluate the performance across different scenarios, we first derive their closed-form expressions for the outage probability. Next, we determine the respective diversity order using asymptotic approximations in the high signal-to-noise-ratio regime. Finally, we present the system throughput in delay-limited transmission. Simulation results validate our analysis and demonstrate significant performance differences among various cascaded configurations, with the multi-RIS-assisted relay scenario achieving the best performance. Furthermore, the considered RIS-decode-and-forward relay schemes outperform the corresponding RIS-amplify-and-forward relay schemes in the low-SNR regime.</p>","PeriodicalId":55001,"journal":{"name":"IET Communications","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/cmu2.70023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143595425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robust Multicast Beamforming for Jittering UAV: A Secrecy Energy Efficiency Perspective","authors":"Jian Ouyang,&nbsp;Jing Ding,&nbsp;Chengyang Liu,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Liu,&nbsp;Min Lin","doi":"10.1049/cmu2.70022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cmu2.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, we investigate an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) enabled secure multicast communication system, where a UAV serves multiple legitimate ground users in the presence of multiple coordinated eavesdroppers. Taking into account the inherent jittering characteristics of UAVs caused by the airflow, we aim to maximise the worst-case secrecy energy efficiency (SEE) under a constrained UAV transmission power budget. The formulated optimization problem is inherently non-convex and challenging to solve due to the combined effects of jittering uncertainties and the max–min fractional structure of the SEE metric. To address these challenges, we first simplify the original SEE maximization problem by introducing auxiliary variables. Next, considering the impact of jittering on the antenna array response, we develop a novel second-order Taylor series expansion-based approach to approximate beamforming gains as quadratic functions of the angle-of-departure errors, which can be subsequently transformed into deterministic convex constraints by using <i>S</i>-Procedure. Based on these theoretical results, we design an iterative algorithm that combines the penalty function method with the successive convex approximation to efficiently obtain a suboptimal solution. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed scheme compared to several benchmark schemes, highlighting its potential for practical implementation in UAV-enabled secure multicast communication systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":55001,"journal":{"name":"IET Communications","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/cmu2.70022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143594938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Privacy preservation-driven communication-computing collaboration for multi-mode heterogeneous IoT network management","authors":"Zhong Gan,&nbsp;Yilong Chen,&nbsp;Yunjie Xiao,&nbsp;Diqing Zhou,&nbsp;Chen Feng,&nbsp;Bing Shen","doi":"10.1049/cmu2.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cmu2.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The multi-mode heterogeneous network combines the advantages of high-speed power line communication (HPLC) and high radio frequency (HRF), ensuring service quality and meeting the requirements for data transmission delay and reliability even when devices are flexibly deployed. Queuing delay and privacy entropy are important metrics for managing multi-mode heterogeneous internet of things (IoT) networks, which require collaborative optimization of the transmission phase (server selection and sub-channel allocation) and the computing phase (computing resource allocation) to ensure low latency and high privacy entropy. However, existing communication-computing collaborative optimization methods face issues such as low privacy security of electricity-carbon service data, high difficulty in solving the joint optimization problem, and resource competition. Therefore, this paper proposes a privacy preservation-driven communication-computing collaboration method for the management of multi-mode heterogeneous IoT networks. Firstly, the architecture for the management of multi-mode heterogeneous IoT networks is constructed and a privacy entropy model for electricity-carbon computing service data is established to measure the privacy security performance of the network management. Secondly, a joint optimization problem of queuing delay and privacy entropy under long-term privacy entropy constraints are constructed and the long-term privacy entropy constraints from short-term decisions is decoupled based on Lyapunov optimization. Finally, a joint optimization algorithm for server selection and multi-mode sub-channel allocation driven by privacy protection is proposed. This algorithm reduces the three-dimensional matching optimization problem among different devices, servers, and channels, and uses auction matching to solve the conflict of resource block selection, further optimizing the computing resource allocation of edge servers based on the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) conditions. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm effectively reduces queuing delay and improves privacy security of data transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":55001,"journal":{"name":"IET Communications","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/cmu2.70003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143554903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel FBMC/QAM Scheme to Eliminate the Error Floor in Multipath Channels","authors":"Yufeng Zhang,&nbsp;Xueqin Chen","doi":"10.1049/cmu2.70019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cmu2.70019","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To eliminate the error floor of filter bank multicarrier with quadrature amplitude modulation (FBMC/QAM) in multipath fading channels, a novel cyclic prefix–based FBMC/QAM (CP-FBMC/QAM) scheme is proposed in this paper. The proposed CP-FBMC/QAM scheme only requires simple single-tap channel equalization to compensate for the influence of multipath channels. Moreover, we formulate a prototype filter optimization problem by minimising the interference powers subject to the spectrum localization constraints and derive prototype filters with good spectrum confinement for CP-FBMC/QAM. The proposed prototype filters can eliminate the impact of CP insertion on the spectrum confinement. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of CP-FBMC/QAM in terms of spectrum confinement and bit error rate performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":55001,"journal":{"name":"IET Communications","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/cmu2.70019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143554209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Analysis for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Aided Cache-Enabled Wireless Networks","authors":"Jinbo Liu,&nbsp;Shaohui Sun","doi":"10.1049/cmu2.70021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cmu2.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Locally caching at base stations (BSs) can increase the network capacity as well as reduce the backhaul burden. However, it iremains an open problem whether it could increase energy efficiency (EE) for the future sixth-generation (6G) network when the offloading link is in a deep fading condition. In order to analyse this problem, we attempt to analyse the energy efficiency of cache-enabled wireless communication system assisted by reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS), which is a new paradigm to increase EE. First, by considering the central limit theorem and Jensen's inequality, we obtain the approximated expression for EE when the number of RIS reflecting elements is very large. Secondly, due to the adoption of the RIS-User/BS random association and a new BS-RIS-User wireless link, we analyse the performance between EE and the number of RIS reflecting elements under some condition. Finally, it is shown by full simulation that it is valid of our analysis, meanwhile, we gain the optimal cache capacity and the optimal transmission power of BS to maximize EE. Moreover, we show that the help of RIS can improve EE when the system is noise-limited due to RIS can improve the signal power and has very low transmit power, but EE decreases in an interference-limited system. Furthermore, we obtain the optimal number of BSs at the minimum EE in interference-limited system, but EE decreases as the number of BS increases when the system is noise-limited.</p>","PeriodicalId":55001,"journal":{"name":"IET Communications","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/cmu2.70021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143554208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compact Dual-Band Microstrip Array Feed Network Using CRLH-TL Power Dividers","authors":"Aslan Nouri Moqadam,&nbsp;Hadi Sharifi,&nbsp;Reza Masoumi,&nbsp;Hossein Khalili,&nbsp;Mohammad Bemani","doi":"10.1049/cmu2.70013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cmu2.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper introduces a novel, dual-band, compact 1:4 feed network employing a parallel power divider architecture designed to operate at 0.915 and 2.44 GHz, covering both industrial, scientific, and medical and ultra high frequency bands. The design leverages the non-linear phase characteristics of composite right/left-handed transmission lines to achieve dual-band functionality with high precision. Simulation results confirm the efficacy of the proposed network, which delivers quadrature-phase outputs with a 90° phase shift and uniform power distribution across all output ports, facilitating wideband circular polarisation in array antenna applications. Compared to traditional series power dividers, the parallel power divider offers significant advantages in terms of fabrication simplicity, reduced size, and lower manufacturing costs. The design avoids the use of non-radiating composite right/left-handed transmission lines and addresses impedance-matching challenges through the implementation of only three resistors, effectively isolating the output ports. The proposed architecture is highly scalable and can be easily adapted to various output port configurations, frequencies, and power division ratios, offering broad flexibility for a wide range of microwave applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":55001,"journal":{"name":"IET Communications","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/cmu2.70013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143535804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Efficient Cluster Based Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks Using Multiobjective-Perturbed Learning and Mutation Strategy Based Artificial Rabbits Optimisation","authors":"Babiyola Arulanandam,&nbsp;Khalid Nazim Abdul Sattar,&nbsp;Rocío Pérez de Prado,&nbsp;Bidare Divakarachar Parameshchari","doi":"10.1049/cmu2.70020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cmu2.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is a wireless system including the set of distributed sensor nodes used for physical or environmental observation. A network energy expenditure is considered as a significant concern because of battery restricted sensors of the WSN. Clustering and multi hop routing are considered as effective approaches to enhance the network lifecycle and communication. Achieving the anticipated objective of reducing the energy expenditure, thereby increasing the network lifecycle, is considered as an optimisation issue. In recent times, a nature inspired meta-heuristic approaches are extensively utilised for solving the different optimisation issues. In this context, this research aims to accomplish the objective by proposing the multiobjective-perturbed learning and mutation strategy based artificial rabbits optimisation namely M-PMARO for an optimum cluster head (CH) selection and route discovery. The proposed M-PMARO incorporates an experience based perturbed learning (EPL) and mutation strategy to identify the capable regions over the search space for enhancing the exploration and avoiding the local optima issue. To formulate the multiobjective, the residual energy, average intracluster distance, average base station (BS) distance, CH balancing factor (CHBF) and node centrality are incorporated for optimum CH discovery while the residual energy and average BS distance are considered for multi hop routing. The M-PMARO is analysed based on alive nodes, dead nodes, energy expenditure, throughput and data received in BS and network lifecycle. The viability of M-PMARO is validated by comparing it with existing approaches such as fitness based glowworm swarm with fruitfly algorithm (FGF), energy balanced particle swarm optimisation (EBPSO), improved bat optimisation algorithm (IBOA), graph neural network (GNN) and fuzzy logic and particle swarm optimisation (PSO) based clustering routing protocol namely PFCRE. The alive node count of M-PMARO is 100 for 1200 rounds, which is higher than the EBPSO.</p>","PeriodicalId":55001,"journal":{"name":"IET Communications","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/cmu2.70020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CRAFIC Framework: Multi-Account Collaborative Fraud Detection, Efficient Feature Extraction and Relationship Modelling Combined with CNN-LSTM and Graph Attention Network","authors":"Li Yangyan,&nbsp;Chen Tingting","doi":"10.1049/cmu2.70014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cmu2.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study proposed a complex fraud detection framework called CRAFIC (complex relationship analysis for fraud identification and cost management), which combines deep learning and graph neural networks to address complex fraud behaviours such as multi account collaborative fraud. The study used the DataCo Global supply chain dataset and the IEEE-CIS fraud detection dataset to extract order features using convolutional neural networks and long short term memory networks, and analysed the relationships between orders using graph attention networks to reveal complex fraud patterns. The results show that the CRAFIC framework performs well in both single order and collaborative fraud detection tasks. In single order fraud detection, the accuracy of the CRAFIC framework increased from the initial 45.21% to 93.75%, and the loss value decreased from 1.19 to 0.14, significantly better than other models. In collaborative fraud detection, the accuracy of the CRAFIC framework reached 90.3%, once again surpassing other models. These results validate the advantages of the CRAFIC framework in multimodal data fusion and complex relationship modelling. The CRAFIC framework reveals complex fraud patterns, optimizes internal controls and audit processes, enhances data security measures, prevents system vulnerabilities from being exploited, and enhances market reputation and customer trust.</p>","PeriodicalId":55001,"journal":{"name":"IET Communications","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/cmu2.70014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143481298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}