Integrative and Comparative Biology最新文献

{"title":"Application of microbiome feedback theory to animals: Can parasites drive coexistence in ungulate communities?","authors":"James D Bever, James S Adelman, Maarten B Eppinga, Elizabeth A Archie, Vanessa O Ezenwa","doi":"10.1093/icb/icaf087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icaf087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parasites can have large impacts on host populations, but the extent to which parasite dynamics impact or respond to multi-species community structure remains uncertain. Empirical and theoretical studies within the host-microbiome feedback framework (often called plant-soil feedback) has provided strong evidence of the importance of soil pathogens to plant community structure and function. We adapt this framework to herd animals by extending the mathematics of host-microbiome feedback theory to accommodate increased likelihood of exposure to microbiomes from conspecific hosts rather than heterospecific hosts. We then integrate this framework with a model of interguild frequency dependence. Coupling this model with empirical observations, we estimate the host-specific fitness of gastro-intestinal nematodes living on ungulate species of Western United States. We find evidence that host-specific differences in nematode fitness could generate negative feedback on host fitness and contribute to coexistence of ungulates. Moreover, we find that this is more likely to be the case for pairs of ungulate species with high habitat overlap. If nematodes can indeed drive such negative feedbacks, then negative impacts of nematodes on their ungulate hosts should decline, i.e., be diluted, with increasing host diversity. While more work is necessary to confirm the underlying assumptions driving these conclusions, our work highlights the possibility that parasites play under appreciated roles in structuring animal communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":54971,"journal":{"name":"Integrative and Comparative Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144267911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A conceptual framework for integrative work in organismal biology, bioinspired design, and beyond.","authors":"Jessica L Tingle","doi":"10.1093/icb/icaf083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icaf083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Crossing traditional disciplinary boundaries can accelerate advances in scientific knowledge, often to the great service of society. However, integrative work entails certain challenges, including the tendency for individual specialization and the difficulty of communication across fields. Tools like the AskNature database and an engineering-to-biology thesaurus partially reduce the barrier to information flow between biology and engineering. These tools would be complemented by a big-picture framework to help researchers and designers conceptually approach conversations with colleagues across disciplines. Here, I synthesize existing ideas to propose a conceptual framework organized around function. The basic framework highlights the contributions of sub-organismal traits (e.g., morphology, physiology, biochemistry, material properties), behavior, and the environment to functional outcomes. I also present several modifications of the framework that researchers and designers can use to make connections to higher levels of biological organization and to understand the influence neural control, development/ontogeny, evolution, and trade-offs in biological systems. The framework can be used within organismal biology to unite subfields, and also to aid the leap from organismal biology to bioinspired design. It provides a means for mapping the often-complex pathways among organismal and environmental characteristics, ultimately guiding us to a deeper understanding of organismal function.</p>","PeriodicalId":54971,"journal":{"name":"Integrative and Comparative Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144259359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are the kids alright? Dehydration and high temperatures during pregnancy impact offspring physiology, morphology, and survival in a cold-adapted lizard.","authors":"George A Brusch, Jean-François Le Galliard, Robin Viton, Rodrigo S B Gavira, Jean Clobert, Olivier Lourdais","doi":"10.1093/icb/icaf082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icaf082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Climate change will continue to increase mean global temperatures, with daily minima increasing more than daily maxima temperatures on average. In addition, altered rainfall patterns due to climate change will disrupt water availability. Such changes are likely to influence thermo-hydroregulation and reproduction strategies in terrestrial ectotherms. We manipulated access to preferred diurnal temperature (9 hours vs 4 hours at preferred temperature), nocturnal temperature at rest (22 vs 17°C) as well as water availability during gestation (± ad libitum access to water) in female common lizards (Zootoca vivipara), a cold and wet adapted species. We previously reported that hot conditions (day and night) accelerated gestation but high nighttime temperatures increased the burden on females already constrained by heavy resource and water investment during gestation. We expanded the understanding of this relationship by examining the effects of maternal hydration and temperature on offspring (neonates and juveniles; N = 625) physiology (water loss rates and respiratory activity), morphology, performance (endurance capacity and growth), and survival. On average, longer access to preferred temperature during the day conferred benefits on offspring growth and survival, despite a negative effect on body condition at birth. High nighttime temperatures during gestation reduced offspring postnatal growth during early life and, together with high daytime temperatures, reduced tail width and endurance capacity at birth as well as offspring survival. Additionally, water deprivation poses a challenge to homeostasis, but offspring demonstrate resilience in coping with this potential stressor and these effects were not stronger in hot climates. Notably, the benefits of hotter environments are not always additive, highlighting the complexity of temperature-mediated effects on maternal and offspring outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":54971,"journal":{"name":"Integrative and Comparative Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144259415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beating the heat: a lowland tropical lizard expresses heat shock protein networks in response to acute thermal stress.","authors":"Kelly Lin Wuthrich, Albert K Chung, Adam Rosso, W Owen McMillan, Michael L Logan, Christian L Cox","doi":"10.1093/icb/icaf057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icaf057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ectothermic species in lowland tropical forests have evolved in historically stable climates, leading to the prediction that transcriptomic and phenotypic plasticity do not play major roles in their responses to changes in environmental temperature. However, these species are often thermoconformers and are therefore exposed to short-term temporal fluctuations in temperature. Hence, transcriptomic plasticity in tropical forest ectotherms might replace behavioral thermoregulation as a mechanism to buffer against thermal stress. In particular, upregulatation of heat shock proteins can occur during thermal stress is a range of organisms. However, while many studies have explored gene expression plasticity in response to heat stress in model organisms, little is known about transcriptomic plasticity in the tropical, non-model species that will be the most impacted by climate change. We studied the effects of moderate and severe acute heat stress events in the Panamanian slender anole (Anolis apletophallus) to gain insight into a mechanism that might allow tropical ectotherms to withstand the heat waves that are likely to rise in frequency over the coming decades under anthropogenic climate change. We found that multiple genes were upregulated across several heat shock protein networks in three tissues, and the magnitude of the expression response was similar irrespective of whether heat stress was moderate or severe. Overall, our results indicate a potentially crucial role for heat shock protein networks in the ability of tropical ectotherms to resist the negative effects of rising temperatures.</p>","PeriodicalId":54971,"journal":{"name":"Integrative and Comparative Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond the Hexagon: Meso-structures in the Bee's Honeycomb for Bio-inspired Design.","authors":"Jacqueline Lehner, Cahit Ozturk, Clint A Penick, Nikhilesh Chawla, Dhruv Bhate","doi":"10.1093/icb/icaf071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icaf071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Perhaps no other biological structure has inspired as many engineering applications as the nest of the honeybee Apis mellifera. It is primarily just the hexagonal unit cell, with its material minimizing benefits, that has been abstracted as a design principle for bio-inspired structures. This is in part because of design constraints associated with manufacturing honeycomb panels, but also due to our limited understanding of the benefits of other design features of interest. The bee's honeycomb has several interesting meso-structural design elements, like the corner radius and the wall coping, which can be replicated using additive manufacturing processes. In this paper, we first identify and categorize these meso-scale design elements at four levels: (i) the unit cell shape, (ii) its size and distribution, (iii) the features that make up the unit cell and the parameters associated with them, and (iv) the integration of the cells into the build environment. Once identified, we attribute functional bases to each of these features, leveraging prior and ongoing studies in biology, as well as in materials science and mechanics. We then identify promising design principles for further advancing the engineering of honeycomb structures using additive manufacturing, as well as call out opportunities for future research. More generally, this paper argues for the importance of considering meso-structural design elements, beyond just unit cell selection, in the design of cellular materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":54971,"journal":{"name":"Integrative and Comparative Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The hidden figures at species boundaries: the mitochondrial energetics behind mating signal divergence.","authors":"Derek Eddo, Zachary Hodur, Silu Wang","doi":"10.1093/icb/icaf058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icaf058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The energy expenditures of mating signals are often divergent between species and influence heterospecific mating, thus mediating the direction of gene flow across the species boundaries. The relative energetics of the mating signals can be underpinned by mitochondrial haplotype divergence between species, which contributes to hybrid mitonuclear incompatibility and speciation. Here, we discuss the connection between mitochondrial variation, mating signal energetics, and their impact on gene flow across the species boundaries. Using multiple case studies, we highlighted the connections between mitochondrial functions, mating signal energetics, and hybridization across visual, acoustic, kinesthetic, and chemosensory signaling modalities. Integrating mitochondrial functions and mating signal energetics at the species boundaries will illuminate the organismal mechanisms underlying the formation and maintenance of species boundaries.</p>","PeriodicalId":54971,"journal":{"name":"Integrative and Comparative Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144235976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does urbanization alter purifying selection? A case study in the burrowing owl.","authors":"Aude E Caizergues","doi":"10.1093/icb/icaf065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icaf065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urbanization is one of the most striking examples of anthropogenic disturbance dramatically altering ecosystems and evolutionary processes. In particular, natural selection and genetic drift are expected to be affected by the drastic changes in urban environmental conditions and landscape fragmentation. Whether selection strength increases or decreases in cities remains to be elucidated, especially since it is profoundly dependent on the strength of genetic drift. Using a previously published genomic dataset of 3 replicated pairs of urban and rural Argentinian populations of burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia), I investigate if urbanization affects genetic drift and the strength of purifying selection. Through genome-wide measures of ratios of deleterious to neutral diversity, I searched for potential accumulation of deleterious mutations associated with increased drift or decreased purifying selection, as well as measured the strength of purifying selection in each population by computing the distribution of fitness effects of mutations. Urban burrowing owls overall maintained nucleotide diversity levels similar to rural populations despite their small effective population sizes. Additionally, I found no evidence of genomic accumulation of deleterious mutations in urban populations, consistent with maintained genetic diversity, both suggesting a low or not yet visible, effect of genetic drift on urban populations. In contrast, the distribution of fitness effects of segregating variation revealed that the strength of purifying selection was reduced in cities, sometimes drastically (more than 50% weaker), compared to rural areas. These results provide new insight into how urbanization shapes natural selection and drift and show that the strength of selection can overall be reduced in cities, either because of the buffering environmental conditions or because of increased genetic drift.</p>","PeriodicalId":54971,"journal":{"name":"Integrative and Comparative Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144235975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D muscle architecture of the tongue of the White-bellied Pangolin (Phataginus tricuspis) reveals a muscular hydrostat.","authors":"Christopher M Zobek, Lillian M Porter, Conner Verhulst, Eric Hostnik, Copper Aitken-Palmer, Casey M Holliday","doi":"10.1093/icb/icaf049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icaf049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The tongues of pangolins are among the more derived of other mammalian ant-eating specialists, extending nearly a body length to capture food. Pangolins pack portions of their hyolingual apparatus in their thoracoabdominal cavity. These muscles are responsible for protruding, retracting and bracing the tongue through a large range of motion akin to that of muscular hydrostats. Using DiceCT and 3D muscle architectural modeling of a cadaveric Phataginus tricuspis (White-bellied pangolin), we show how the arrangement of muscle fascicles in a section of the thoracoabdominal portion of the tongue converges on the structure of a hydrostat. Rostrally, the body of the tongue is occupied by m. sternoglossus, paired, parallel-fibered muscle bellies which run the longitudinal distance of the first 2/3 of the tongue. Upon entering the abdominal cavity, the body tethers to coiled, elongate xyphoid bones via m. xiphisternalis. Xiphisternal muscle fibers envelop the caudal portion of m. sternoglossus and anchor to the distal portions of the xiphoid bones and aid in retracting the tongue. The coiled nature of the xiphisternal bones and attachments of tongue muscles suggest an elastic mechanism may help propel tongue extension. The body of the tongue resides in a glossal tube, an extension of geniohyoid muscles built by layers of circular and longitudinal fibers which modestly, helically wind around the long axis of the tongue also aiding in tongue protraction. Together, these muscles act as a hydrostat in promoting hyolingual movements in pangolins.</p>","PeriodicalId":54971,"journal":{"name":"Integrative and Comparative Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144217626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lizard and Snake Tongues as Muscular Hydrostats: Morphology, Function, and Diversity.","authors":"Kurt Schwenk","doi":"10.1093/icb/icaf080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icaf080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Evolution of the mobile tetrapod tongue replaced the functional roles of water during feeding in ancestral fish. The tongue as an analogue of water is most clearly manifested in the protean shape changes permitted by hydrostatic mechanisms intrinsic to the complexly muscled tongues of mammals and lepidosaurian reptiles (tuatara, lizards, snakes), which include the orthogonal and circular fiber systems characteristic of muscular hydrostats. I examine the morphology of lepidosaurian tongues and evidence for their use of hydrostatic mechanisms during several behaviors encompassing two major biological roles: feeding and chemoreception. Specifically, I consider, (a) lingual prey capture in iguanian lizards (and tuatara); (b) lingual prey capture in a non-iguanian species, the blue-tongued skink (Tiliqua scincoides); (c) tongue projection in chameleons; and (d) chemosensory tongue-flicking in lizards and snakes (squamates). All behaviors result in significant tongue protrusion beyond the jaw margins. During lingual prey capture in (non-chameleon) iguanians, tongue protrustion is tightly coupled to hyobranchial movement, with little evidence of hydrostatic shape change while visible, whereas lingual prey capture in Tiliqua is entirely dependent on extensive hydrostatic tongue deformation, including elongation, broadening, and elaborate, localized shape changes. Tuatara (Sphenodon) show no evidence of hydrostatic shape change as of yet. Tongue projection in chameleons depends on preloading elastic energy within the accelerator muscle via hydrostatic elongation. In vivo measurements from x-ray film of a chameleon with implanted markers show that elongation continues after projection throughout the ballistic phase until prey capture and that total accelerator muscle elongation is 267% of resting length. Finally, chemosensory tongue-flicking in all squamates, including iguanians, is driven by hydrostatic elongation. However, protrusion distance in iguanians is limited by the tongue's extensive anatomical coupling to the hyobranchium. Snakes exhibit a unique form of rapid, oscillatory tongue-flicking that is reflected in the tongue's derived muscle fiber architecture. I suggest that the extensive phenotypic variation present in lepidosaurian tongues might make them more effective than the better studied mammals as a model system for elucidating form-function relationships in a muscular hydrostat.</p>","PeriodicalId":54971,"journal":{"name":"Integrative and Comparative Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144217627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of mobility in intertidal invertebrates' responses to thermal stress.","authors":"L M McIntire, L P Miller","doi":"10.1093/icb/icaf078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icaf078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As climate change progresses, it is important to be able to predict how the effects of elevated temperatures are affected by the ability of ectotherms to seek shelter. Many studies on ectotherms have suggested that mobility is a vital characteristic to understand how species will react to warming. Highly mobile ectotherms are not often exposed to thermally stressful conditions because they can actively select temperatures that are thermally beneficial or benign. Slow-moving or sessile ectotherms, however, are not able to change habitats quickly enough to escape from thermal stress or even death. In order to measure how mobility affected how organisms cope with temperature, we quantified the body temperatures, environmental temperatures (using biomimetic models), and thermal limits using respirometry of eight intertidal ectotherms in four mobility classes: fast, intermediate, slow, and sessile. In addition, we also calculated thermal safety margins (TSMs) for each of our species. While we predicted that fast and intermediately mobile species would have lower thermal limits and narrower TSMs than slow and sessile animals, we found that faster organisms had lower thermal limits and narrower thermal safety margins than the other three mobility classes. Our findings indicate that there is an effect of mobility on how organisms cope with temperatures and lay the groundwork for understanding how communities may respond to climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":54971,"journal":{"name":"Integrative and Comparative Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144210296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}