International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping最新文献

{"title":"Guidance for structural integrity assessment of smooth pipe elbows containing defects using R6","authors":"Yuebao Lei","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2024.105353","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2024.105353","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, guidance for fracture assessment of defective elbows using the R6 failure assessment diagram (FAD) method has been included in R6 Revision 4 Amendment 13 (2023). This paper provides an overview of the new guidance and supporting validation. The guidance is validated using 75 cases of 3-D finite element (FE) elastic-plastic <em>J</em> results of smooth pipe elbows of various geometries with axial/circumferential internal/external semi-elliptical/extended/fully-circumferential surface cracks under internal pressure, in-plane/out-of-plane bending moment, torsion and various load combinations, by comparing the FE-based Option 3 failure assessment curves (FAC) with the R6 Option 2 FAC. The results show that, for 74 out of 75 cases, the FE-based Option 3 data points are above the R6 Option 2 FAC with reasonable conservatism when the guidance for evaluating the elbow stress intensity factor and limit load is followed. In other words, following the new guidance can lead to reasonably conservative assessment results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 105353"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting creep life of CrMo pressure vessel steel using machine learning models with optimal feature subset selection","authors":"Mengyu Chai ,&nbsp;Yuhang He ,&nbsp;Junjie Wang ,&nbsp;Zichuan Wu ,&nbsp;Boyu Lei","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2024.105349","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2024.105349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The data-driven approach for creep life prediction typically integrates numerous characteristics, including material compositions, manufacturing details, and service conditions, into machine learning models. In this study, a machine learning-based creep life prediction approach with optimal feature subset selection is established for 2.25Cr1Mo pressure vessel steel. Before model training and testing, six critical features that significantly impact the creep life of 2.25Cr1Mo steel are selected, specifically the applied stress, temperature, and chemical compositions consisting of Cr, Ni, Mn, and Mo. Various machine learning algorithms, along with the traditional L–M method, are utilized for model training and performance evaluation. Additionally, the developed models undergo validation using experimental data independent of the training and testing datasets to assess their generalization abilities. The results reveal that, among all tested models, the support vector regression (SVR) model, coupled with the optimal feature subset, demonstrates superior prediction accuracy and generalization capability. Finally, the creep life prediction model exhibiting optimal performance is deployed into a software application, leveraging the Python programming language. This predictor tool facilitates rapid and precise creep life predictions for 2.25Cr1Mo pressure vessel steel, relying solely on a limited amount of input information, and provides a clear and visual presentation of the prediction results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 105349"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study of natural fiber Jute reinforced by metal wires and its using as patch on semi-elliptical defected of the API X52 pipelines corroded according to ratio a/t","authors":"Zahi Messaoud,&nbsp;Madjid Meriem-Benziane","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2024.105346","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2024.105346","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of a hybrid patch of Jute with/without Glass fiber reinforced with Steel wire for repairing defective API X52 pipeline. Five specimens were tested using Jute fiber, Glass fiber and Steel wire to enhance the mechanical properties according to ASTM 3039 and D790 standards. The experimental results showed that the effects of hybrid materials (synthetic and natural) for repairing API X52 pipeline defect depend on the nature of the patch and the properties of the adhesive (polyester resin) by increasing the tensile strength and bending load. In the first step, specimen S5 was selected due to its distinctive mechanical properties, which revealed maximum values of tensile strength, toughness and bending load respectively 47,42014 MPa, 2357,42 kJ m⁻³ and 488,3 N. In the second step, the selected sample (S5) was used as a patch to repair API X52 pipeline, which has semi-elliptical defects where the bending load is 31.4246 kN. According to the obtained results, the patch efficiency is 103 % for defects with a/t &lt; (0,3), which can be, restored 100 % of the mechanical properties. Therefore, repairing API X52 pipeline using hybrid patch (Jute reinforced with Steel wires) with shallower defects can be a successful technique.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 105346"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of the Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman damage model parameters for simulating small punch tests of heat-resistant alloys","authors":"Qiwen Li ,&nbsp;Lei Zhao ,&nbsp;Xun Wang ,&nbsp;Lianyong Xu ,&nbsp;Yongdian Han","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2024.105348","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2024.105348","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The small punch (SP) test is utilized to assess the mechanical characteristics and damage progression of heat-resistant alloys. The inverse finite element analysis method incorporating SP tests is a parameter identification method based on adjusting the accuracy of the simulated load-displacement curves. In this paper, the elastoplastic parameters of the Hollomon model and the damage parameters of the Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman (GTN) model are determined based on the undamaged and damaged stages of the load-displacement curves, respectively. The whole stress-strain curves of the tested materials are then built using the results of finite element simulations of the tensile specimens of ZG15Cr2Mo1, P91, 316H, and Hastelloy X at room and elevated temperatures. Comparison with uniaxial tensile tests indicates that the simulated stress-strain curves closely resemble the experimental data from the tensile testing. In addition, the simulated damage evolution characteristics of the SP specimens are consistent with the mechanical model based on the actual deformation behavior. It is possible to comprehend the damage evolution process by analyzing the SP specimens’ stress and strain change characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 105348"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural integrity assessment of pipe elbows: Burst test and finite element analysis","authors":"Suria Devi Vijaya Kumar ,&nbsp;Saravanan Karuppanan ,&nbsp;Veeradasan Perumal ,&nbsp;Mark Ovinis","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2024.105339","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2024.105339","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the failure pressures of pipe elbows were compared with those predicted using Level 3 numerical assessment method (Finite Element Method). Four 90-degree pipes elbows representing a pristine pipe, a pipe with a single corrosion defect, a pipe with longitudinally aligned interacting defects, and a pipe with a circumferentially aligned interacting defects, were subjected to internal pressure based on the ASME B31.3–2012 Burst Test standard until failure. The Sch-80 pipes were made of ASTM <span><span>A234</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> WPB steel with a wall thickness and bending radius of 12.7 mm and 305 mm respectively. The corrosion defects were simulated on the exterior surface of the pipe elbows using computer numerical control (CNC) machine to generate a machined version of the corrosion defect. The results revealed that corrosion defects significantly reduce the burst pressure of pipe elbows, with longitudinally aligned interacting defects causing the largest reduction of 20.9 % compared to pristine pipe. The comparison between the Level 3 numerical assessment method and burst test showed close agreement with a maximum difference of 4.79 %, confirming the accuracy and reliability of the numerical method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 105339"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive assessment of deep-water vessel implosion mechanisms: OceanGate's Titan submersible failure sequence explained","authors":"Ruud Weijermars","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2024.105340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2024.105340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study outlines the physical mechanisms involved in a submersible implosion and analyzes the loss of the Titan submersible (‘sub’) that occurred on June 18, 2023 during a mission to visit the wreck of the Titanic. Titan's collapse mechanisms at the moment of implosion are described in detail and outer hull fracturing rate, subsequent implosion rate, accompanying heat release and other key processes are quantified. Plausible causes of the hull's leak leading up to critical loss of the sub's hermetic closure are reviewed using test results made publicly available by the U.S. Marine Board of Investigation. Their data indicated that the bond interfaces between the individual layers of the carbon fiber hull (Hull V2) were critically compromised due to manufacturing defects, voids, porosity, and inadequate adhesive integrity, resulting in significant delamination. Analysis of data from the real-time hull health monitoring system, revealed acoustic anomalies and strain shifts, pointing toward increasing structural fatigue, which went unaddressed prior to the fatal dive. The implosion process can be characterized by an instantaneous collapse of the air volume within the hull under extreme external pressure: even the tiniest leak would lead to destruction of the vessel's structural integrity. The destruction was the more devastating, because it was accompanied by a secondary explosion due to the heat exchange between the collapsing air volume and the ambient sea water. While the collapsing air was phase-changed into a supercritical state, the generated heat caused the adjacent seawater to evaporate and expand. Hull pieces fragmented by the initial implosion were strewn around during the secondary explosion phase, which ceased rapidly as the steam condensed back into seawater once again. The Titan incident underscores the urgent need for improved design standards, rigorous quality control in manufacturing, and enhanced real-time monitoring to prevent similar failures of future deep-sea exploration vehicles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 105340"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142698081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on low temperature and narrow heating bands of post weld heat treatment for girth welds stress reduction of long-distance pipelines","authors":"Shengyuan Niu,&nbsp;Xueda Li,&nbsp;Congyue Liu,&nbsp;Liying Li,&nbsp;Tao Han,&nbsp;Bin Han","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2024.105347","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2024.105347","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Residual stress affects the service safety of pipelines, but there are few efficient methods to reduce the residual stress, especially for long-distance pipelines with large diameters. In this paper, a Secondary Post Weld Heat Treatment (S-PWHT) stress reduction method with low temperature and two narrow heating bands is proposed, and this method fully considers the failure of the corrosion resistance layer caused by high temperature. The temperature distribution and stress distribution under different S-PWHT parameters are compared to obtain the optimal S-PWHT parameters using finite element numerical simulation. The thermocouples are conducted to verify the temperature, and the coercivity experiment is used to verify the stress distribution. Results show that two heating bands width of 80 mm and a peak temperature of 120 °C are the optimal S-PWHT parameters with the stress reduced by 61 %. Besides, the levels of stress reduction on the inner surface and the HAZ are higher than those on the outer surface and the base metal, respectively. The high-stress zone is transferred from the inner surface to the outer surface, and from the HAZ to the base metal. Furthermore, the stress reduction mechanism of S-PWHT has been revealed through constraint theory. Temperature change is the initial force, and the constraint is the driving force for stress reduction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 105347"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracking research on the performance changes of S31042 steel under long term service","authors":"Xianxi Xia ,&nbsp;Xiao Jin ,&nbsp;Qinzheng Ma ,&nbsp;Baoyin Zhu ,&nbsp;Yanwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Jun Wang ,&nbsp;Zhilin Chen ,&nbsp;Lukuan Yang ,&nbsp;Gaocan Luan ,&nbsp;Yangyang Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2024.105344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2024.105344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>S31042 is widely used in ultra-supercritical units due to its excellent comprehensive performance at high temperatures. Tracking and monitoring research was conducted on as-received S31042 tubes and tubes in service for 13 k hours, 31 k hours, and 52 k hours at 650 °C. The results show that as the service time increased, a large quantity of M₂₃C₆ phase precipitated along the grain boundaries, gathered and grew up into the bulk. This weakened of the grain boundaries, which facilitated crack propagation and significantly reduced the plasticity and toughness of the S31042 heat-resistant steel. After 13 k hours of operation, the dispersion strengthening of the precipitated phase inside the grain and grain boundary led to a substantial increase in hardness, while there was no obvious change in strength. However, after 52 k hours of operation, the dispersed precipitated phase within the grain slowly aggregated and grew, decreasing the effectiveness of dispersion strengthening. Consequently, both the high-temperature strength and hardness of the S31042 steel gradually decreased. As the service time increased, the continuously distributed and similarly sized M₂₃C₆ phases on the grain boundaries of S31042 developed into an inhomogeneous coarsening chain structure. Additionally, the appearance of nanoscale secondary NbCrN and M₂₃C₆ phases within the grain and their resulting precipitation strengthening effects were the main reasons for the significant change in S31042 hardness values. Based on these findings, the residual life of S31042 heat-resistant steel in service was predicted using an extrapolation method based on high-temperature creep rupture tests and the relationship model between hardness and the P function. A comparison of the L-M parametric life prediction results with the strength extrapolation life prediction results based on the standard creep rupture test shows that the creep rupture strength extrapolation method is slightly conservative. Therefore, the prediction results based on the hardness L-M parameter method, which is simple and easy to perform, can be used for preliminary life prediction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 105344"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced elastic stress solutions for junctions in various pipe bends under internal pressure and combined loading (90° pipe bend, U-bend, double-bend pipe)","authors":"Seok-Pyo Hong ,&nbsp;Seok-Jun Yoon ,&nbsp;Dong-Jun Kim ,&nbsp;Yun-Jae Kim ,&nbsp;Nam-Su Huh","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2024.105343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2024.105343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Piping systems in nuclear power plants normally operate under high pressure and high temperature. To efficiently manage space within these systems, pipe bends are extensively used. However, the welded joints connecting these pipes may be susceptible to flaws due to weld residual stress, transient loads, and operating environments. When flaws are present in such areas, analytical evaluation of flaws is to be carried out based on fracture mechanics parameters such as stress intensity factor. To calculate the stress intensity factor, distributions of the elastic stress are required. Therefore, this paper presents closed-form approximations of elastic stress in the junction between a pipe bend and a straight pipe under internal pressure. Review of the existing elastic stress solutions for estimating the stresses in pipe bends was carried out analyzing their limitations. Based on those limitations elastic stress solutions for thick to thin wall pipe bends were proposed and were validated against finite element (FE) analysis for thick-wall to thin-wall pipe bends under internal pressure and combined loading (i.e. internal pressure, in-plane bending, out-of-plane bending inflicted simultaneously). <span><math><mrow><mrow><mn>90</mn><mo>°</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> pipe bend, U-bend and double-bend pipe configurations were considered and showed good agreement with the FE results exhibiting less than 5.8 % discrepancies. The accuracy of the elastic stress solutions for pipe bends provided in the existing code are summarized and validated in the appendix as well.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 105343"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A dual-channel convolutional neural network with attention mechanism DC_EcaNet-6 for creep life prediction of notched components","authors":"Zhou Zheng,&nbsp;Jian-Guo Gong,&nbsp;Zhi Liu,&nbsp;Fu-Zhen Xuan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2024.105341","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpvp.2024.105341","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Machine learning models offer novel possibilities for creep life prediction of materials and components at elevated temperatures. Present studies primarily focus on material-level creep life prediction, with limited reports on component-level analysis due to the complex stress states around structural discontinuities. Based on this, a dual-channel convolutional neural network with attention mechanism, DC_EcaNet-6, is proposed for creep life prediction of notched components, where the images of Mises stress and stress tri-axiality are employed as the input. The prediction results by the DC_EcaNet-6 model are compared with that by some deep learning models and the simplified method. Creep reliability assessment of notched components using the DC_EcaNet-6 model is conducted. The results indicate that the proposed model provides a more superior creep life prediction accuracy of notched components than other models mentioned. This model provides a potential tool for creep life prediction and reliability assessment of notched components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 105341"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}