{"title":"The role of protected areas in modulating vegetation response to climatic stressors in hyper-arid ecosystems","authors":"Ammar Abulibdeh","doi":"10.1016/j.jnc.2025.127081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnc.2025.127081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Arid and semi-arid regions are increasingly vulnerable to climate variability, water scarcity, and land degradation, making vegetation health highly sensitive to environmental stressors. In this context, protected areas are a critical conservation strategy. This study assesses the effectiveness of Qatar’s three major protected areas: Al Reem, Khor Al Adaid, and Al Thakhira, established in 2006, in modulating the responsiveness of vegetation to climatic drivers. Using Landsat-derived NDVI (1990–2022), ERA5-Land climate variables, and statistical techniques (linear regression, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, Tukey’s HSD, and Dunn’s test), we compared vegetation–climate coupling before (1990–2006) and after protection (2007–2022). Results show that vegetation sensitivity to climate drivers increased significantly post-protection. For example, in Al Reem, the effect of evaporation on NDVI shifted from a non-significant, 28.1 (p = 0.136) before 2006 to a significant, 18.5 (p = 0.007) after protection, while the number of precipitation events lost its prior significance (β = 3.4, p = 0.016 → p = 0.981). In Al Thakhira, temperature became a stronger positive predictor of NDVI after 2006 (β = 13.9, p = 0.003 vs. β = 6.6, p = 0.176), and precipitation accumulation turned significantly positive (β = 3.2, p = 0.043). By contrast, Khor Al Adaid exhibited weaker overall responsiveness, though post-protection NDVI became significantly associated with relative humidity (β = 0.43, p = 0.006) and dew point (β = − 1.05, p = 0.006). These results demonstrate that the establishment of protected areas in 2006 enhanced vegetation–climate coupling in hyper-arid ecosystems, particularly through improved responsiveness to moisture-related variables. Findings underscore the ecological and policy relevance of expanding conservation zoning and integrating hydrometeorological indicators into land management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54898,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Nature Conservation","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 127081"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144933455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adil Riaz , Özge Özden , Dave Hodgson , Tamer Ekendal , Hikmet Uluçam , Salih Gücel
{"title":"Climate change and agricultural intensification are threatening the Endangered Tulipa cypria Stapf ex Turrill","authors":"Adil Riaz , Özge Özden , Dave Hodgson , Tamer Ekendal , Hikmet Uluçam , Salih Gücel","doi":"10.1016/j.jnc.2025.127078","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnc.2025.127078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many rare or endemic plant species survival in the world are at-risk by climate change and anthropogenic activities (agricultural and/or settlement developments). The habitats of rare plant species are decreasing and habitat fragmentation is increasing.</div><div>One of the most important endemic plant species for the island of Cyprus is <em>Tulipa cypria</em>. To understand the ecology of <em>T. cypria</em> and its threats, field censuses were made in 17 different locations in 2015 and in 2023, and tests were conducted on the temperature-dependent germination biology of seeds collected from the field. The <em>T. cypria</em> population has declined dramatically in recent years, due to to agricultural intensification. Climate change, especially long, hot and dry seasons, is likely to harm germination and bulb development of remaining plants. This research highlights the need to take urgent, island-wide measures to conserve the remaining populations of <em>T. cypria</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54898,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Nature Conservation","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 127078"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ana Luisa Albernaz , Marcelo Cordeiro Thalês , Marcelo Gordo , Diogo Lagroteria , Tainara V. Sobroza , William E. Magnusson , Philip M. Fearnside , Leandro Jerusalinsky , Renata Bocorny de Azevedo , Rodrigo Baia Castro , Dayse Campista , Wilson Roberto Spironello , Maurício Noronha
{"title":"Conservation of an endangered amazonian primate: priority areas for the pied tamarin (Saguinus bicolor) in Manaus, Brazil","authors":"Ana Luisa Albernaz , Marcelo Cordeiro Thalês , Marcelo Gordo , Diogo Lagroteria , Tainara V. Sobroza , William E. Magnusson , Philip M. Fearnside , Leandro Jerusalinsky , Renata Bocorny de Azevedo , Rodrigo Baia Castro , Dayse Campista , Wilson Roberto Spironello , Maurício Noronha","doi":"10.1016/j.jnc.2025.127069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnc.2025.127069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pied tamarin (<em>Saguinus bicolor</em>), a species that is emblematic of the Manaus region of Brazil, is threatened by the growth of the city and its <em>peri</em>-urban area. Our study aims to identify priority areas for biodiversity conservation in and around Manaus, the largest city in the Brazilian Amazon and home to over 2 million people. The geographic range of the pied tamarin, a critically endangered primate that is a symbol of conservation in the region, was used to define the boundaries of the study area. We treated the urban zone separately because of the greater barriers to conservation there and carried out systematic conservation planning for the rural zone. After defining biodiversity targets and variables and weighting for a cost surface (difficulty of protection), the map of priority areas was generated using MARXAN decision support software. Connectivity was strengthened using the LinkageMapper tool. Although protected areas already cover about 20% of the study area, most are in partially protected categories and are still losing vegetation. The results prioritize 56.1% of the pied tamarin distribution area, including urban and rural zones. The analysis of the current scenario causes concern because it shows that much of the effort to create protected areas is not as effective as it could be. The conservation of the pied tamarin, as well as other threatened primates, depends on a better understanding of the need to increase the amount of land set aside for their protection, improving monitoring, and restoring vegetation where possible.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54898,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Nature Conservation","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 127069"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144988891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tran Van Viet , Van Dien Nguyen , Thanh Tung Nguyen , Cam Thi Hong Tran , Wen-Pei Tsai , Hoang Huy Huynh
{"title":"Impacts of freshwater scarcity on fish biodiversity in an Indo-Burma Ramsar wetland: A case study of U Minh Thuong National Park, Vietnam","authors":"Tran Van Viet , Van Dien Nguyen , Thanh Tung Nguyen , Cam Thi Hong Tran , Wen-Pei Tsai , Hoang Huy Huynh","doi":"10.1016/j.jnc.2025.127065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnc.2025.127065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>U Minh Thuong National Park (UMTNP), a Ramsar site characterized by Melaleuca forests and peatlands, is vital for biodiversity conservation in the Mekong Delta. However, seasonal fluctuations, particularly during the dry season, threaten freshwater availability and the stability of ecosystems. To evaluate key conservation threats, we investigated how seasonal water scarcity and water quality impact fish diversity in UMTNP. From 2020 to 2021, we conducted field surveys across five habitat types: canals, flat-forms with and without aquatic plants, Melaleuca forests, and buffer zones; over four seasonal sampling events. We analyzed fish diversity and water quality using the Shannon-Wiener, Simpson, and Bray-Curtis indices, alongside nine physicochemical parameters. Our surveys recorded a total of 1,438 fish individuals, representing 32 species, 19 families, and 8 orders. Fish diversity was found to be highest in canals and flat-forms without aquatic plants, while it was lowest in buffer zones and Melaleuca forests. Statistical analyses and principal component analysis (PCA) revealed significant seasonal and spatial differences, particularly in biological oxygen demand (BOD), hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S), and total ammonia nitrogen (TAN). The buffer zones showed persistent pollution, and dry-season water scarcity further diminished fish diversity. These findings provide essential data to inform targeted conservation strategies and enhance the resilience and sustainability of aquatic ecosystems in UMTNP. Such insights underscore the urgent need for integrated water and fisheries management across Indo-Burma Ramsar sites facing similar challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54898,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Nature Conservation","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 127065"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144912243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jun He, Yangyang Lu, Min Yan, Guohua Fang, Zihan Zhu
{"title":"Factors affecting ecological protection and socioeconomic development and their coupling coordination across riverfront resources along the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province, China","authors":"Jun He, Yangyang Lu, Min Yan, Guohua Fang, Zihan Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.jnc.2025.127067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnc.2025.127067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Riverfronts are important sites of infrastructure, including ports, roads, bridges, industrial construction, tourism, and leisure, and are strategic resources. This study first clarified the mechanisms of coupling coordination of the complex eco-economic systems of the riverfront and then constructed an index for the evaluation of the coupling coordination for the simultaneous ecological protection and socioeconomic development of riverfront resources. The entropy method and a model of coupling coordination were used to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics and factors in the Jiangsu section of the Yangtze River from 2008 to 2023. The results show that, (1) the ecological protection and socioeconomic development indices of the riverfront resources of cities in Jiangsu Province generally increased, and the coupling coordination degree between the two increased from 0.44 in 2008 to 0.83 in 2023. (2) The coordinated development of the study area can be divided into three stages: a period of decline in dissonance, a transitional development period and a period of coordinated development; three spatial categories were identified: a high-level coupling region, an intermediate coupling region, and a primary coupling region. (3) Structural equation model analysis demonstrated that land-use pressures, ecological responses, and economic benefits have a particularly significant impact on the coupling coordination of ecological protection and socioeconomic development of riverfront resources. This study deepens the understanding of the relationship between ecological protection and socioeconomic development of riverfront resources, and provides theoretical support for governments and relevant departments to formulate riverfront resource management policies, guide industrial layout and development, and promote regional coordinated development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54898,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Nature Conservation","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 127067"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144912244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inmaculada Navarro , Miguel Ángel Farfán , Julia E. Fa , Antonio-Román Muñoz
{"title":"Herbaceous cover management in olive groves can be important for aerial-feeding birds. A case study in southern Spain","authors":"Inmaculada Navarro , Miguel Ángel Farfán , Julia E. Fa , Antonio-Román Muñoz","doi":"10.1016/j.jnc.2025.127068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnc.2025.127068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The European Olive (<em>Olea europaea</em>) is a widely cultivated tree throughout the Mediterranean Basin where it plays an important economic, social and cultural role. Given the extensive area occupied by olive groves, which are known to be ecologically important for many animals, species diversity and abundance may be affected by the type of herbaceous vegetation management applied. Here, we investigate the effect of vegetation treatment (mechanical or chemical management of herbaceous cover, or bare soil) on bird abundance with a particular focus on six aerial-feeding (AF) bird species – Common (<em>Apus apus</em>) and Pallid Swifts (<em>A. pallidus</em>), Alpine Swift (<em>Tachymarptis melba</em>), Barn Swallow (<em>Hirundo rustica</em>), Red-rumped Swallow (<em>Cecropis daurica</em>), and the Common House Martin (<em>Delichon urbicum</em>). Using point counts, we recorded all birds (AF and non-AF birds) heard and observed in three separate olive grove plots subjected to the different herbaceous cover treatments. Our results show that plots with herbaceous cover hosted a higher number of bird species, including insectivorous and AF species, as well as a greater abundance of total birds, insectivorous birds, and AF birds, compared to the bare soil plot. The abundance of AF bird was significantly higher in the two plots with herbaceous cover compared to the plot with bare soil. During the post-nuptial migration period, AF birds—together with other species—were also among the dominant species in the two plots with herbaceous cover, whereas in the bare soil plot, none of the six species was dominant. Our results suggest that olive groves can be important for AF birds, a group not traditionally included in studies of bird communities in olive farms. We suggest that farmers and policy makers, as the main actors in olive farming, should consider the impact of the different management techniques on AF bird populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54898,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Nature Conservation","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 127068"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144912188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Scaling up nature-based solutions for food security and climate resilience in wetlands: typologies, barriers and opportunities","authors":"Sujata Regmi, Shabbir H. Gheewala","doi":"10.1016/j.jnc.2025.127062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnc.2025.127062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ecosystem and land degradation, biodiversity loss, and food security are critical challenges today, especially in developing countries. Climate change exacerbates these risks, impacting agricultural systems, wetlands, and food security. Nature-based Solutions (NbS) help mitigate these challenges by protecting, managing, and restoring ecosystems across forests, agriculture, wetlands, and coastal areas; therefore, their widespread adoption is crucial for future food security and resilience. For wider scaling up, a basic understanding of the NbS concept, along with its barriers and opportunities for scaling up, is critical. However, systematic documentation of barriers and opportunities of NbS and NbS typologies for different sectors is poorly done. Existing information is scanty and scattered, particularly for wetlands. Through a systematic review and analysis of relevant literature using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method, this study analyzes NbS for enhancing resilience in wetland ecosystems, identifies barriers and opportunities for adoption of NbS, provides recommendations for their scaling up, and suggests NbS typologies for different sectors and themes. It revealed that barriers such as poor awareness, knowledge gaps, technological hesitancy, ecological and geographic challenges, institutional and policy obstacles, and financial constraints hinder the widespread adoption of NbS. Opportunities to address these barriers include customized technologies, robust policy frameworks, increased funding, and capacity building supported by collaborative efforts across sectors and traditional knowledge. Policy reforms and diverse financing mechanisms are crucial for scaling up NbS, ultimately enhancing food security, environmental sustainability, and climate resilience. The typologies are grouped in ecosystem-based, climate-based, socioeconomy-based, and objective-based. It is an important contribution to the field and a strategic roadmap for scaling up NbS in different socio-economic and environmental settings, ultimately accelerating their adoption and promoting sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54898,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Nature Conservation","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 127062"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144903020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Giovanna de Andrade Ferreira , José Matheus Segre Moneva Viveiros , Giulio Brossi Santoro , Vinicius Cunha Amaral , Matheus Pinheiro Ferreira , Pedro Henrique Santin Brancalion , Paulo Guilherme Molin
{"title":"Solution for diagnostics of biological invasion in terrestrial ecosystems: how can deep learning help biodiversity conservation?","authors":"Giovanna de Andrade Ferreira , José Matheus Segre Moneva Viveiros , Giulio Brossi Santoro , Vinicius Cunha Amaral , Matheus Pinheiro Ferreira , Pedro Henrique Santin Brancalion , Paulo Guilherme Molin","doi":"10.1016/j.jnc.2025.127066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnc.2025.127066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tree invasions are a serious threat to grassland ecosystems, but control measures often rely on diagnostic approaches that are not yet effective or scalable. This study applied the deep learning algorithm Mask R-CNN to detect an invasive exotic species (<em>Pinus elliottii</em>) in a native wetland area, aiming to create a biological invasion diagnostic tool to support the management of native areas and assist in biological invasion control. The model was developed using high spatial resolution images (1.5 cm/pixel) and achieved a mean Average Precision (mAP) of 78 % and an Intersection over Union (IoU) score of 81 %. The segmentations generated by the model provides an assessment of the biological invasion process caused by <em>Pinus</em> spp. through the detection of individual trees, quantify the canopy cover area affected and evaluate the effectiveness of the method as a supporting tool for biodiversity conservation in protected areas. Recognizing the management priority of invasive exotic species and the limitations of available tools for public managers, the deep learning approach presented here may contribute to the development of diagnostics that inform more targeted and effective management actions, reducing financial costs, environmental impacts, and time spent on field activities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54898,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Nature Conservation","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 127066"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145004617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohamed Thani Ibouroi , David L. Waldien , Mounir Soulé , Malik Oedin , Camille Lebarbenchon , Steven M. Goodman
{"title":"Population collapse and habitat loss in the Comoros Flying-Fox after cyclone Chido: Urgent conservation priorities","authors":"Mohamed Thani Ibouroi , David L. Waldien , Mounir Soulé , Malik Oedin , Camille Lebarbenchon , Steven M. Goodman","doi":"10.1016/j.jnc.2025.127064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnc.2025.127064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tropical cyclones represent a significant ecological disturbance with profound implications for insular biodiversity. They have been identified as major drivers of local extirpations and population collapses among <em>Pteropus</em> species on the islands of the Indian Ocean. The passage of Cyclone Chido in December 2024 caused extensive damage to Mayotte’s native forest ecosystems, resulting in significant biodiversity loss. Among the most impacted taxa is the Comoros flying-fox (<em>Pteropus seychellensis comorensis</em>), an important pollinator and seed disperser species whose population on Mayotte, previously the second largest within the Comoros archipelago after that of Grande Comore (Ngazidja), has undergone a dramatic decline, with post-cyclone assessments indicating the presence of only a few dozen surviving individuals. In this study, we identify and propose a set of evidence-based conservation priorities aimed at informing long-term strategies for the recovery and persistence of <em>P. s. comorensis</em> on Mayotte, in the context of increasing climatic variability and anthropogenic pressures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54898,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Nature Conservation","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 127064"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144896053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Balakrishnan, A. Anny Leema, Gladys Gnana Kiruba B, Anjaneya Gupta, Raj Aryan
{"title":"Deep-track: A real-time animal detection and monitoring system for mitigating human-wildlife conflict in fringe areas","authors":"P. Balakrishnan, A. Anny Leema, Gladys Gnana Kiruba B, Anjaneya Gupta, Raj Aryan","doi":"10.1016/j.jnc.2025.127063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnc.2025.127063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human-wildlife conflict is a big challenge in the fringe areas where wildlife and humans meet each other often resulting in their harm. For instance, in India, conflicts like Elephants obstructing crops, deer hitting and jumping cars, and Leopard attacking herds have become more and more common in rural areas. This research proposes a novel solution to reduce wild animals’ negative impact on humans by suggesting a field surveillance system that uses camera technology and deep learning for real-time wildlife detection as the main aspects of reducing conflicts. The study was performed in areas dealing with human-wildlife co-existence using video streams captured along the boundaries of the human settlements. The digital video footage is being analyzed for insights per frame, using Visual Geometry Group, VGG16 model, a deep-learning model that has undergone transfer learning, fine-tuned using the Serengeti dataset available on Kaggle to classify and identify the animal species. The animals are also detected in the images and are enclosed in bounding boxes by the VGG16 model, which is implemented with TensorFlow and Keras. The deep-SORT (Simple Online and Real-Time Tracking) algorithm is activated to track and follow the animals in real-time, which makes the process of tracking multiple animals and their movement straightforward. This information is then sent to the local authority, people and commuters via an email or emergency messaging systems (Twilio, MailTrap), alerting them to be vigilant to avoid animal intrusions, protect from animal attacks, crop protection and wildlife conservation effort. During the extensive testing period of the proposed system, the results revealed that the system was able to achieve an accuracy rate of 92.19% with a remarkable precision, recall, and F1-score, thus, proving that the system is accurate in both the detection and classification of wild animals. In conclusion, the proposed system will definitely reduce the human-wildlife conflict and supports human as well as agricultural protection and biodiversity conservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54898,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Nature Conservation","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 127063"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}