Journal of Fluids and Structures最新文献_第5页

Machine learning based sensing of particle shape and size using passive artificial cilia 基于机器学习的被动人工纤毛粒子形状和大小感知

IF 3.5 2区工程技术

Journal of Fluids and Structures Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2025.104446

Divyaprakash, Amitabh Bhattacharya

{"title":"Machine learning based sensing of particle shape and size using passive artificial cilia","authors":"Divyaprakash, Amitabh Bhattacharya","doi":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2025.104446","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2025.104446","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Passive biological cilia function as sensory organelles in various animal cells and microorganisms. In this computational study, we demonstrate that tip and base perturbations in an array of flexible passive artificial cilia may be used to detect the size and aspect ratio of ellipse-shaped particles immersed in an oscillatory Couette flow setup. Two-dimensional numerical simulations of the system are carried out for varying particle shape and size, and the immersed boundary method is used to couple the fluid and structure solvers. Kirchhoff rod theory and finite element method are used to evolve the elastic forces in cilia and particle, respectively. A machine learning model, comprising a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network coupled with a regression layer, is trained using the generated data, in which features such as cilia tip deflection and base angle at three time instances are used to sense the particle size and shape. Using unseen simulation data, we show that the trained model is capable of predicting the size and aspect ratio of the particle within an average prediction error of 6 percent over the entire dataset. The model using cilia base deflection appears to be less sensitive to particle aspect ratio compared to the model using cilia tip deflection, especially for smaller particles. This non-optical sensing technique is especially useful for detecting particle size and shape in opaque liquids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluids and Structures","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104446"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145475023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multiphysics analysis of a flexible oscillating water column wave energy converter with dielectric elastomer membrane 介电弹性体膜柔性振荡水柱波能转换器的多物理场分析

IF 3.5 2区工程技术

Journal of Fluids and Structures Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2025.104447

Yang Huang , Qing Xiao , Liu Yang , Saishuai Dai , Saeid Lotfian , Feargal Brennan

{"title":"Multiphysics analysis of a flexible oscillating water column wave energy converter with dielectric elastomer membrane","authors":"Yang Huang , Qing Xiao , Liu Yang , Saishuai Dai , Saeid Lotfian , Feargal Brennan","doi":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2025.104447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2025.104447","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flexible wave energy converters (FlexWECs) have emerged as a promising solution to address the limitations of conventional rigid devices in harsh marine environments. Among them, oscillating water column (OWC) systems integrated with dielectric elastomer generators (DEGs) offer simplified architectures, enhanced adaptability, and direct wave-to-electric energy conversion. However, the complex multiphysics interactions between fluid, structure, and electric fields remain poorly understood, hindering design optimization and performance prediction. This study develops a high-fidelity computational framework to simulate the coupled fluid-structure-electric behaviour of a flexible OWC wave energy converter (WEC) with a DEG membrane. The framework is first validated against experimental data, demonstrating good agreement in capturing the deformation of the flexible membrane induced by the coupled electrostatic and hydrodynamic forces. Subsequently, the model is applied to investigate how electric field influences the WEC system behaviour under regular wave excitation. Results show that applying an electric field reduces the effective stiffness of the membrane, leading to increased deformation. Additionally, it does raise overall structural stress levels, especially near the membrane centre and edge regions, where the maximum stresses are observed. Notably, electric excitation induces a secondary deformation mode in the membrane during the near-flat phase. These effects become more pronounced with increasing initial voltage, which also leads to an approximately quadratic increase in output power. The insights gained from this study provide a deeper understanding of fluid-structure-electricity (FSE) interactions in flexible OWC WECs and offer design guidance for enhancing energy harvesting efficiency in next-generation WEC devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluids and Structures","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104447"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145475027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stability analysis of a twisting flexible plate immersed in an axial airflow 扭曲柔性板在轴向气流中的稳定性分析

IF 3.5 2区工程技术

Journal of Fluids and Structures Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2025.104444

D.A. Pulido-Caviedes , J.A. Licea-Salazar , A. Cros

{"title":"Stability analysis of a twisting flexible plate immersed in an axial airflow","authors":"D.A. Pulido-Caviedes , J.A. Licea-Salazar , A. Cros","doi":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2025.104444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2025.104444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We study the stability of a rectangular, flexible plate subject to twisting motions and immersed in a uniform, incompresible axial flow. The twisting motion is characterized by the angle <span><math><mrow><mi>ϕ</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> where <span><math><mi>x</mi></math></span> is the axial coordinate and <span><math><mi>t</mi></math></span> is time, in such a way that no spanwise curvature is allowed. The complex fluid–structure interaction is governed by the torque which comes from the pressure difference between both faces of the plate. By writting the boundary conditions in the Fourier space, the three-dimensional flow potential generated by the twisting flexible plate is calculated and the torque is estimated. Subsequently, the Galerkin method enables the estimation of the frequency and growth rate of each plate mode as a function of three nondimensional parameters: a reduced fluid velocity, the mass ratio <span><math><mi>M</mi></math></span> between the fluid and plate densities, and the aspect ratio of the plate. Three different boundary conditions are analyzed: clamped-free, clamped-clamped and free-free. We find that, in all three cases, mode 1 first destabilizes through divergence when the fluid velocity is increased. At higher speed values, fluttering develops as a combination of the first two modes in both the free-free and clamped-clamped configurations. Our findings also suggest that greater plate mass and reduced width contribute to improved plate stability and for a given aspect ratio, the critical velocities evolve as <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><msqrt><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow></msqrt></mrow></math></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluids and Structures","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104444"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145340657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental study on modal characteristics of an underwater rotating disc in coupled nodal circle and diameter modes 水下旋转盘节点圆与直径耦合模态特性试验研究

IF 3.5 2区工程技术

Journal of Fluids and Structures Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2025.104443

Jiayun Zhang , Yongshun Zeng , Peijian Zhou , Wei Wang , Lingjiu Zhou , Zhifeng Yao

{"title":"Experimental study on modal characteristics of an underwater rotating disc in coupled nodal circle and diameter modes","authors":"Jiayun Zhang , Yongshun Zeng , Peijian Zhou , Wei Wang , Lingjiu Zhou , Zhifeng Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2025.104443","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2025.104443","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the modal characteristics of an underwater disc at different rotation speeds through modal testing. Modal testing was performed on the underwater disc within a rotation speed range of 0 to 720 rpm using a specially designed experimental setup. Modal analysis was conducted to extract the natural frequencies, damping ratios, and mode shapes of the disc. The study focuses on the characteristics of Coupled Nodal Circle and Diameter (CNCD) modes related to rotation speeds. The results show that: (1) the mode shapes and natural frequencies of the non-rotating underwater disc are consistent with the analytical predictions; (2) experiments show that CNCD mode frequencies agree with the analytical model’s forward-wave predictions, exhibit no splitting due to weak Coriolis force and circulatory forces effects, and that backward waves are overdamped due to higher shear; (3) for <em>RC</em>〈 0.43, CNCD mode damping ratios remain stable under hydrostatic viscous damping. When <em>RC</em>〉 0.43, the (2,1) mode exhibits a significant damping increase, indicating dominance of dynamic hydroelastic damping; (4) resonance was amplified when CNCD modes overlapped with nodal diameter modes, and these speeds should be avoided in engineering practice. The findings provide insights for the design of impellers in high-head pump turbines and the operational performance of such units.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluids and Structures","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104443"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145340658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Aeroelastic response of an airfoil with structural freeplay in transonic buffeting flow 跨声速抖振流中具有结构自由的翼型气动弹性响应

IF 3.5 2区工程技术

Journal of Fluids and Structures Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2025.104445

Michael Candon , Vincenzo Muscarello , Wim Verhagen , Pier Marzocca , Oleg Levinski

{"title":"Aeroelastic response of an airfoil with structural freeplay in transonic buffeting flow","authors":"Michael Candon , Vincenzo Muscarello , Wim Verhagen , Pier Marzocca , Oleg Levinski","doi":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2025.104445","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2025.104445","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transonic shock buffet is a nonlinear, unsteady aerodynamic phenomenon characterized by self-sustained, periodic shock oscillations that can critically affect aircraft structural integrity. While the aerodynamic aspects of shock buffet have been widely studied, its interaction with nonlinear structural dynamics remains largely unexplored. This paper presents, for the first time, a numerical investigation of aeroelastic interactions arising from the coupling of shock buffet with a nonlinear structural model featuring pitch freeplay. Using Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) simulations coupled with a two-degree-of-freedom heave–pitch airfoil model, the study reveals that structural nonlinearity can induce aerodynamic lock-in to superharmonics of the heave natural frequency, resulting in 2:1 and 3:1 lock-in mechanisms and large-amplitude heave limit cycles. These newly identified lock-in behaviors expand the current understanding of transonic aeroelastic instabilities. The influence of key parameters such as structural-to-fluid mass ratio and structural damping on these phenomena is also systematically examined. This work introduces a novel class of aeroelastic lock-in mechanism with significant implications for transonic flight dynamics and aircraft design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluids and Structures","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104445"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145475022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unsteady aerodynamic mechanisms of wing flexibility in dragonfly flapping flight 蜻蜓扑翼飞行中翅膀柔韧性的非定常气动机理

IF 3.5 2区工程技术

Journal of Fluids and Structures Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2025.104471

Mengzong Zheng , Yuanjun Deng , Jinze Liang , Guanting Su , Tianyu Pan , Liansong Peng , Zhiping Li , Qiushi Li

{"title":"Unsteady aerodynamic mechanisms of wing flexibility in dragonfly flapping flight","authors":"Mengzong Zheng , Yuanjun Deng , Jinze Liang , Guanting Su , Tianyu Pan , Liansong Peng , Zhiping Li , Qiushi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2025.104471","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2025.104471","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the effect of flexible wings on the aerodynamic performance of dragonfly flapping flight through both experimental and numerical simulations. The model experiment employed an isotropic flexible wing, and the results showed that the flexible deformation of the dragonfly wing led to a 12% increase in average lift. On the numerical side, an anisotropic flexible wing model replicating the mechanical properties of the dragonfly wing is constructed, and fluid–structure interaction (FSI) simulations are conducted. The simulation results show that the cycle-averaged lift coefficient of the flexible wing increases by 7.86% compared to its rigid counterpart. Comparative analysis of the flow field reveals three key unsteady aerodynamic mechanisms associated with wing flexibility: the chordwise camber mechanism, which stabilizes the attachment of the leading-edge vortex (LEV) to the upper surface of the wing, generating stable lift; the accelerated rotation mechanism, which increases the amplitude and speed of wing rotation and facilitates vortex accumulation; and the spanwise bending mechanism, which increases the flapping angle range and enhances lift.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluids and Structures","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104471"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145623941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Structural control of floating offshore wind turbines via active yaw control 基于主动偏航控制的浮式海上风力发电机结构控制

IF 3.5 2区工程技术

Journal of Fluids and Structures Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2025.104462

Yize Wang, Zhenqing Liu

{"title":"Structural control of floating offshore wind turbines via active yaw control","authors":"Yize Wang, Zhenqing Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2025.104462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2025.104462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Active yaw control can be utilized to maximize the total power output of a wind farm. This study proposes a novel active yaw control optimization algorithm that can simultaneously increase the farm power output and reduce the turbine structural dynamics. To achieve this goal, the effects of the environmental conditions and yaw angles on the structural dynamics of floating offshore wind turbines are investigated first. Then, accurate surrogate models are trained via the radial basis function neural network to predict the structural dynamics of the wind turbine. The maximum error of the surrogate models is only 6.22%. Finally, the attained surrogate models are utilized by a differential evolution algorithm to optimize the yaw angles of the wind turbines. The numerical results indicate that active yaw control, which aims to maximize the total power output and minimize the tower bottom moment in the pitch direction, is preferable for minimizing tower top displacement and floating platform displacement. After yaw control optimization, the total power output of the wind farm increases by 3.1%, and the tower bottom moment of the wind turbine decreases by 12.6%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluids and Structures","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104462"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145579631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental analysis of collapsible tube dynamics in pulsatile flow conditions 脉动流动条件下可折叠管动力学实验分析

IF 3.5 2区工程技术

Journal of Fluids and Structures Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2025.104468

Sifat Karim Chowdhury, Yan Zhang

{"title":"Experimental analysis of collapsible tube dynamics in pulsatile flow conditions","authors":"Sifat Karim Chowdhury, Yan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2025.104468","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2025.104468","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This experimental study explores the influence of pulsatile flow on collapsible tube dynamics and the corresponding fluid–structure interactions, which are fundamental to understanding various biological flow phenomena. A hyperelastic tube model was tested in a closed-loop flow system under controlled transmural pressure variations. High-speed imaging and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) were employed to quantify tube wall deformation and fluid flow dynamics across varying Reynolds (<em>Re</em>) and Womersley (Wo) numbers. Results indicate that at highly positive transmural pressures, tubes remain distended with minimal oscillations, while at near-neutral conditions, cyclic buckling and propagation of wall deformation occur in axial direction. Under highly negative transmural pressures, self-excited oscillations emerge potentially caused by the instability under supercritical conditions. Flow limitation was observed as transmural pressure decreased, with mean Reynolds number having a stronger influence than pulsatile frequency. This research provides valuable insights into the complex dynamics in collapsible tubes under pulsatile flow, with potential applications in understanding various physiological systems such as the respiratory tract and circulatory system. The results offer benchmark data for validating computational fluid–structure interaction models and contribute to the broader field of biofluid mechanics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluids and Structures","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104468"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145528413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lift augmentation by incorporating bend twist coupled composites in flapping wing 在扑翼中加入弯曲扭转耦合复合材料的升力增强

IF 3.5 2区工程技术

Journal of Fluids and Structures Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2025.104439

Rahul Kumar, Devranjan Samanta, Srikant S. Padhee

{"title":"Lift augmentation by incorporating bend twist coupled composites in flapping wing","authors":"Rahul Kumar, Devranjan Samanta, Srikant S. Padhee","doi":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2025.104439","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2025.104439","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drawing inspiration from the adaptive wing shape of birds in flight, this study introduces a bio-inspired concept for shape adaptation utilizing bend-twist coupling (BTC) in composite laminates. The primary aim of the design optimization is to identify the optimal fibre orientation angles needed to produce the required bending and twisting deformations, which directly contribute to the design's goal of maximizing lift without relying on external mechanisms for twisting. This novel technique increases lift by up to five times compared to a curved bending wing. We have highlighted the vortex dynamics to provide insight into the underlying reasons for such a significant lift increment. In addition, the study presents the Von Mises stress experienced by the wing, offering a comprehensive understanding of the structural behavior. Furthermore, it highlights a significant improvement in efficiency, particularly within the optimal reduced frequency range of 0.25 to 0.4. These findings underscore the potential of this method for future applications in biomimetic drones, unmanned flapping wing vehicles (UFWVs), and other flapping wing-based systems, ultimately paving the way for new advancements in aerodynamics and structural optimization for next-generation aerial vehicle designs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluids and Structures","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104439"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145340659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of calculation methods for time-averaged hydrodynamic forces on tandem flapping flexible plates: Velocity–pressure integration versus vorticity-based formulations 串联扑动柔性板上时间平均水动力计算方法的评价：速度-压力积分与基于涡度的公式

IF 3.5 2区工程技术

Journal of Fluids and Structures Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2025.104450

Dehan Yuan , LinLin Kang , Weicheng Cui , Dixia Fan

{"title":"Evaluation of calculation methods for time-averaged hydrodynamic forces on tandem flapping flexible plates: Velocity–pressure integration versus vorticity-based formulations","authors":"Dehan Yuan , LinLin Kang , Weicheng Cui , Dixia Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2025.104450","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2025.104450","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the relationship between the complex wake of tandem flexible plates and the time-averaged force, while comparing the strengths and limitations of two time-averaged force theories. Expressions for the time-averaged force are derived at both the velocity–pressure and vortical levels and analyzed in comparison. The findings indicate no direct correlation between the wake velocity profile and the time-averaged force. Accurate force predictions require both velocity and pressure information from the wake. The vortical-level theory, which omits pressure information, offers practical advantages in experimental fluid mechanics by linking fluid structures to time-averaged forces. In contrast, the velocity–pressure perturbation theory enables force predictions using near-field velocity data. A systematic comparison of the two theories is provided, with recommendations for the decomposition of the physical mechanisms of time-averaged forces in flow field diagnostics and the selection of appropriate control volumes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluids and Structures","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104450"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145475025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0