Journal of Great Lakes Research最新文献

{"title":"Unbundling sustainable community-based cage aquaculture in an afrotropical lake for blue growth","authors":"Christopher Mulanda Aura ,&nbsp;Ruth Lewo Mwarabu ,&nbsp;Chrisphine Sangara Nyamweya ,&nbsp;Collins Onyango Ongore ,&nbsp;Safina Musa ,&nbsp;James Last Keyombe ,&nbsp;Fredrick Guya ,&nbsp;Jane Fonda Awuor ,&nbsp;Monica Owili ,&nbsp;James Muriithi Njiru","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2024.102410","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jglr.2024.102410","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cage aquaculture is rapidly expanding in the African Great Lakes Region, with the potential of boosting fish output while also providing food security, poverty reduction, and job creation. However, there is growing concern that the proliferation of fish cages in Lake Victoria will have a detrimental effect on the lake’s ecology. Using Lake Victoria, Kenya as a case study, the current study evaluated the sustainability features of a community-based cage aquaculture that are based on socio-economic, physico-chemical, biological variables and risks in the lake and proposed potential mitigation measures. The potential production carrying capacity was estimated to be more than 500% of current cage culture production, but subject to the use of good aquaculture practices (GAPs) and best management practices (BMPs) for sustainable lake ecology. The study suggests using a community-based cage culture framework, appropriate policies and regulations, to improve lake and resource management, as well as to guide cage culture businesses, improve security, and facilitate resource usage dispute resolution procedures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54818,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","volume":"50 5","pages":"Article 102410"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142315960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction to the special section: Aquatic resources for a sustainable future and blue economy prosperity for the African Great Lakes region","authors":"R. Michael McKay ,&nbsp;Julius Otieno Manyala ,&nbsp;Fiona Nunan ,&nbsp;Chrisphine Nyamweya ,&nbsp;Fonda Jane Awuor ,&nbsp;James Njiru","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2024.102413","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jglr.2024.102413","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change, overfishing, pollution, and habitat degradation are no longer distant threats and demand our collective action. Rising to this challenge, the Aquatic Resources and Blue Economy Conference (ARBEC) held in Kisumu, Kenya served as a call to action for sustainable aquatic practices and protection of blue economy resources. The blue economy holds much promise yet as the global community faces unprecedented environmental challenges, it’s potential hinges on our ability to make informed, science-driven decisions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54818,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","volume":"50 5","pages":"Article 102413"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0380133024001722/pdfft?md5=e3e8ffcc29aba53ccb8359124a501de1&pid=1-s2.0-S0380133024001722-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142315959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new observation of lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis spawning behaviour","authors":"Andrew M. Muir ,&nbsp;Yvonne Drebert ,&nbsp;Ryan Lauzon ,&nbsp;Zach Melnick ,&nbsp;Camilla M. Ryther ,&nbsp;Erin S. Dunlop ,&nbsp;Katherine Skubik","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2024.102399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jglr.2024.102399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The lake whitefish <em>Coregonus clupeaformis, dikameg</em> in Anishinaabemowin, holds cultural importance, and is a mainstay of commercial, recreational, and subsistence fisheries throughout North America. In the Laurentian Great Lakes, declines in recruitment, since the early 2000s, have raised concerns among stewards and fishery managers. A more detailed understanding of the lake whitefish mating system could help resolve potential recruitment bottlenecks and thus inform appropriate stewardship actions. Herein, we describe, for the first time, a single lake whitefish spawning event captured using high-resolution underwater videography. From 94 h spent on the water, we captured and analyze a 4.5-min video clip that shows pre-mating, mating, and post-mating behaviours of a male and female lake whitefish pair in Little Traverse Bay, Lake Michigan. The clip shows a number of what we interpret as courtship, site-selection, and spawning behaviours culminating in release of about 20 eggs and milt in a single spawning event. Behaviours that included travelling, physical contact, chasing, circling, orienting, and gamete release are described and time-referenced to a video supplement. This single observation is part of a larger project to assess lake whitefish spawning behaviour in the wild but is noteworthy in that it provides new insights into the spawning behaviour of lake whitefish and appears consistent with reproductive behaviours observed in European coregonines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54818,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","volume":"51 2","pages":"Article 102399"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143631819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A reservoir-based approach of the SWAT hydrological model in the Napanee River and Wilton Creek agricultural watersheds, Bay of Quinte","authors":"Aisha Javed,&nbsp;Alex Neumann,&nbsp;Haibin Cai,&nbsp;Carlos Alberto Arnillas,&nbsp;George B. Arhonditsis","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2024.102404","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jglr.2024.102404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we employ the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), to simulate the hydrological cycle in the Napanee River and Wilton Creek watersheds located in the Bay of Quinte Area of Concern. The geomorphological attributes of the two sites presented challenges in successfully reproducing the observed streamflow with a conceptual model, like SWAT. After adjusting the model inputs and revising the boundary conditions, SWAT performance for the Napanee River model was found to be “very good” within both calibration (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency, NSE, =0.83 and NSE = 0.87 for the daily and monthly streamflow rates, respectively) and validation (NSE = 0.87 and NSE = 0.91) domains. In contrast, despite the small size of Wilton Creek (∼233 km²) and the lack of permanent or human-regulated dams, the observed streamflow patterns displayed considerably delayed response to extreme precipitation events which posed challenges in achieving satisfactory model performance. Field evidence suggests that model residual variability is driven by excessive surface storage of water, the presence of beaver dams and narrowing of the stream channels under the bridges, which could potentially delay the flow of water for many days. After delineating the areas of flooding and treating them as reservoirs in Wilton Creek, we were able to overcome the modelling challenges with minor modifications in the original SWAT configuration and achieve satisfactory fit for both the calibration (NSE = 0.55 and NSE = 0.73) and validation (NSE = 0.59 and NSE = 0.76) periods. Our study suggests that the reservoirs play a significant role in buffering the impact of extreme flow conditions, especially during the spring freshet</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54818,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","volume":"50 5","pages":"Article 102404"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0380133024001631/pdfft?md5=27434f7907d14defe3f9fbcac885958d&pid=1-s2.0-S0380133024001631-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142316236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of anthropogenic impacts on the trophic dynamics of Babine Lake: Implications for the production of sockeye salmon","authors":"Cécilia Barouillet ,&nbsp;Kathleen R. Laird ,&nbsp;Brian F. Cumming ,&nbsp;Bruce P. Finney ,&nbsp;Daniel T. Selbie","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2024.102395","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jglr.2024.102395","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Babine Lake, British Columbia, is Canada’s largest sockeye salmon (<em>Oncorhynchus nerka</em>) nursery lake, sustaining numerous ecosystem services (e.g., fisheries, recreation, cultural and spiritual benefits). The lake and its watershed have experienced significant anthropogenic and natural disturbances since the early 1900’s, including extensive logging, pine beetle infestations, mining, fisheries enhancements, and climate change. To help understand the cumulative impacts of local and regional factors on the trophic ecology of this large freshwater ecosystem, we used the paleolimnological approach to reconstruct changes over the past ∼ 200 years of primary production (subfossil pigments, diatom microfossils), secondary production (cladoceran zooplankton microfossils) and geochemistry (carbon and nitrogen isotopes, elemental analyses, % organic matter). Between ca. 1950 and the 2000’s changes in the sedimentary proxies are consistent with an enhanced influx of nutrients and dissolved organic carbon likely due to the cumulative landscape disturbances and an increase in precipitation. These changes include shifts in diatom composition ca. 1950 to higher abundances and taxa indicative of decreased light penetration and nutrient enrichment. Increases in δ¹⁵N (∼ +1‰) and cladoceran concentrations, concurrent with increasing sockeye salmon escapement post ca. 1975, is indicative of a higher pelagic fish production that occurs concurrently with both fisheries enhancements and sustained higher precipitation. The largest and most abrupt change in algal pigments occurred post ca. 2000, characterized by increases in motile and buoyant algae (i.e., chrysophytes, cryptophytes, colonial cyanobacteria), a time of increasing regional air temperatures, reduced spring and autumn winds, and resultant changes in patterns of lake mixing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54818,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","volume":"50 5","pages":"Article 102395"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0380133024001539/pdfft?md5=73ca425f4899d5450ba008e4aa54c32c&pid=1-s2.0-S0380133024001539-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142316131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nearshore and embayment zooplankton community structure in Lake Michigan, implications for invasion by bigheaded carps","authors":"Hillary L. Glandon ,&nbsp;Emily M. Reed ,&nbsp;Scot D. Peterson ,&nbsp;Charles R. Roswell ,&nbsp;Amber R. Schmidt ,&nbsp;John H. Chick ,&nbsp;Sara M. Thomas ,&nbsp;Patrick S. Forsythe ,&nbsp;Carl R. Ruetz III ,&nbsp;Sergiusz J. Czesny","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2024.102405","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jglr.2024.102405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zooplankton communities in Lake Michigan’s nearshore and embayment regions are important food sources for planktivorous and larval fish. Geographically extensive surveys of nearshore zooplankton abundance and composition are crucial for understanding spatial patterns in community structure and Lake Michigan’s food web. Over 400 zooplankton samples collected in 2013 and 2014 from 25 locations in Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin harbors, open waters, and drowned river mouth lakes of Lake Michigan were used to identify spatial and temporal patterns in zooplankton assemblages. Special focus was placed on the accurate collection of small-bodied taxa such as rotifers, copepod nauplii, and dreissenid veligers to explore the contribution of smaller taxa to total zooplankton biomass. Multivariate analysis identified zooplankton biomass and community structure in Green Bay, Wisconsin and Michigan drowned river mouth lakes as distinct from Illinois and Wisconsin harbor and nearshore areas. Our zooplankton biomass estimates were then applied to an existing bioenergetics model for bigheaded carps (<em>Hypophthalmichthys nobilis</em> and <em>H. molitrix</em>) to quantify their predicted growth, as a proxy for successful establishment in Lake Michigan. Locations where bigheaded carps were predicted to grow were consistent with patterns in zooplankton community structure and were restricted to a handful of sites in Green Bay and Michigan drowned river mouths. These results emphasize the importance of embayment zooplankton communities and small-bodied zooplankton as energy sources for both native and non-native fishes in an increasingly oligotrophic Lake Michigan.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54818,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","volume":"50 5","pages":"Article 102405"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0380133024001643/pdfft?md5=884d2396e1caeab0de008aac65e425ef&pid=1-s2.0-S0380133024001643-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141944658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The benthic nepheloid layer in the offshore waters of the Great Lakes and its post-dreissenid disappearance","authors":"Richard P. Barbiero ,&nbsp;Lyubov E. Burlakova ,&nbsp;James M. Watkins ,&nbsp;Alexander Y. Karatayev ,&nbsp;Barry M. Lesht","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2024.102408","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jglr.2024.102408","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prior to the appearance of <em>Dreissena</em>, pronounced benthic nepheloid layers (BNL) near the bottom characterized by elevated levels of both turbidity and total phosphorus (TP), were a consistent and extensive feature of the offshore, stratified waters of all the Laurentian Great Lakes, except Lake Superior. In recent (2010–2019) years, the BNL has disappeared from all areas except for central Lake Erie, where only a small decrease in bottom turbidity has occurred. All stratified regions which exhibited a pre-<em>Dreissena</em> BNL, including central Lake Erie, experienced substantial post-<em>Dreissena</em> reductions in near-bottom TP, although the forms of phosphorus (particulate or soluble) responsible for these reductions have varied from lake to lake. Notably, the arrival of <em>Dreissena</em> at offshore sites was not accompanied by an increase in soluble phosphorus. Initiation of changes in the BNL almost invariably preceded appearance of <em>Dreissena</em> in the offshore, suggesting both that dreissenid impacts on the reductions in the BNL were largely remote, and by extension that the source of the BNL was also at least in part remote. Previous researchers’ estimates of the importance of the benthic pool of phosphorus to offshore water column concentration suggest that the post-invasion reductions in bottom phosphorus during the stratified season could be contributing to the offshore oligotrophication of the lakes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54818,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","volume":"50 5","pages":"Article 102408"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142316239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aquatic invertebrate diversity in Apostle Islands and Isle Royale waters: Comparison among habitats and sampling gears and to open Lake Superior","authors":"Anett Trebitz ,&nbsp;Gerald Shepard ,&nbsp;Christy Meredith ,&nbsp;Greg Peterson ,&nbsp;Joel Hoffman","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2024.102406","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jglr.2024.102406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aquatic invertebrate composition in Great Lakes nearshore regions is known to differ from offshore, but studies representing the closest-to-land end of this gradient are primarily from estuaries and rivermouths having substantial watershed connectivity and anthropogenic influence. Here, we present data from aquatic invertebrate surveys conducted in two Lake Superior parks that are distanced from such watersheds and pressures, namely Apostle Islands National Lakeshore (APIS) and Isle Royale National Park (ISRO). Our intensive, multi-gear surveys from 99 APIS stations in 2017 and 165 ISRO stations in 2012 reveal a broad diversity of zooplankton and benthic/littoral macroinvertebrate taxa. Park samples yielded 29 zooplankton and &gt;300 benthic/littoral taxa, with richness exceeding that of comparable nearshore datasets, especially for aquatic insects, leeches, and mites. Station depth was a major factor structuring invertebrates, and benthic/littoral densities were highest and composition most diverse at shallow stations having aquatic vegetation. Species composition and taxa accumulation patterns differed considerably among sampling gears, highlighting the value of multi-gear surveys. Several park mollusk and insect species matched ‘special concern’ listings, and two non-native cladocerans were very abundant. These two surveys added 11 new species to the aquatic macroinvertebrates known from Lake Superior, highlighting the importance of these parks in harboring biodiversity and the importance of individualized assessments of places not well represented in more routine lakewide biological monitoring. Our data are available as baselines for future biological surveys and trend assessments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54818,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","volume":"50 5","pages":"Article 102406"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142316130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historical and morphological evidence for a remnant population of Lake Erie cisco Coregonus artedi (albus) in Crystal Lake, Pennsylvania","authors":"Joseph D. Schmitt ,&nbsp;Douglas P. Fischer ,&nbsp;Yu-Chun Kao ,&nbsp;Aaron Frey ,&nbsp;Marc Chalupniki ,&nbsp;James E. McKenna Jr ,&nbsp;Kristy Phillips ,&nbsp;Mark R. DuFour ,&nbsp;Richard T. Kraus ,&nbsp;Randy L. Eshenroder","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2024.102407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jglr.2024.102407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The cisco (<em>Coregonus artedi</em>) population in Crystal Lake, Pennsylvania, is of great scientific interest as it either originated from Lake Erie or Lake Ontario. Cisco in Lake Erie once supported the largest freshwater fishery in the world, but populations were extirpated by 1960. We conducted a morphological analysis of Crystal Lake cisco to determine whether it was consistent with a distinctive Lake Erie form (<em>albus</em>), which was also historically documented, albeit rarely, in western Lake Ontario. Using principal component analysis, we compared eight morphometric ratios and one meristic from our Crystal Lake cisco collection with historical and contemporary collections of cisco from Lakes Erie and Ontario. Maximum likelihood ellipse overlaps between Crystal Lake cisco and presumed <em>albus</em> (the dominant Lake Erie form prior to extirpation) collections averaged 54%. For all groups, the greatest morphological overlap (73.9%) occurred between Crystal Lake and 1957 Lake Erie cisco, which only differed from Crystal Lake cisco in dorsal fin length. Alternatively, overlap between Crystal Lake cisco and all other Lake Ontario collections averaged 3.2%. Our results demonstrate that Crystal Lake cisco are likely an <em>albus</em> form; furthermore, historical documentation and our morphological results suggest a Lake Erie origin. Substantial overlap between Crystal Lake cisco and Lake Ontario <em>albus</em> collected in 1917 is likely explained by continuous entrainment of Lake Erie larvae into Lake Ontario. We suspect this created an <em>albus</em> metapopulation spanning Lakes Erie and Ontario, yet <em>albus</em> are no longer observed in either lake today.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54818,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","volume":"50 5","pages":"Article 102407"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0380133024001667/pdfft?md5=1fb5bf26afe37bd298e8c49d90c2a6ce&pid=1-s2.0-S0380133024001667-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142316132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An evaluation of sanitary and environmental survey use to protect beaches in the Great Lakes basin","authors":"Thomas A. Edge ,&nbsp;Gabrielle Parent Doliner ,&nbsp;Shannon Briggs ,&nbsp;Julie Kinzelman ,&nbsp;Matthew Dellinger","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2024.102401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jglr.2024.102401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Beaches are important for recreational and economic purposes. Beach advisories represent significant potential for human health risks as well as adverse impacts on local economies. The International Joint Commission’s Health Professionals Advisory Board (HPAB) and the Great Lakes Beach Association (GLBA) collaborated to assess the binational extent, experience, and effects of Great Lakes Beach Sanitary Surveys (BSS) in the United States and equivalent Environmental Health and Safety Surveys (EHSS) in Canada. A working group of HPAB and GLBA members distributed a questionnaire to beach managers around the Great Lakes. A total of 34 responses were received from beach programs and groups in each Great Lakes state in the United States and from Ontario, Canada. While 68% of respondents indicated surveys were conducted annually, at least 26% indicated they were not. Most beach monitoring programs around the Great Lakes used surveys to identify Canada geese (85% of programs), gulls (74%), stormwater runoff (74%), runoff from parking lots (59%) and algal blooms (58%) as sources of fecal pollution and potential health threats. Sewage (44%), dog fecal droppings (41%) and dangerous currents (32%) were also commonly reported. Waterfowl control actions after BSS/EHSS were the most common mitigation activity (65% of programs). Beach landscaping (50%) and sand grooming (47%) were also common mitigations. These results indicate the need to encourage use of BSS/EHSS more strongly, ensure beach programs have sustainable resources for BSS/EHSS, and ensure BSS/EHSS guide follow-up studies or mitigation actions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54818,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","volume":"50 5","pages":"Article 102401"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141847994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}