Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry最新文献

THE PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF TWO THOUSAND CASES OF NEUROSIS. 两千例神经症患者的体格检查。

Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry Pub Date : 1944-01-01 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.7.1-2.21

H G McGregor

引用次数: 1

A HEURISTIC THEORY OF NEUROSIS. 神经症的启发式理论。

Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry Pub Date : 1944-01-01 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.7.1-2.49

E Slater, P Slater

{"title":"A HEURISTIC THEORY OF NEUROSIS.","authors":"E Slater, P Slater","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.7.1-2.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.7.1-2.49","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction IN a recent communication (Slater, 1943), based on a statistical survey of two thousand neurotic soldiers, a hypothesis was developed to the effect that there was a generalized predisposition towards neurosis, which was in large part responsible for the appearance of neurotic symptoms in the individual when placed under stress. Evidence was adduced that this constitutional tendency, though it might be affected by such environmental factors as early processes of conditioning, was, at least in part, dependent on hereditary factors. Evidence was also brought that it could usefully be considered in a quantitative manner, and that so considered the intensity of the constitutional predisposition varied inversely with the degree of stress under which the individual was placed before breakdown occurred, i.e. the greater the intensity of the constitutional predisposition, the less was the degree of stress required to produce breakdown, and vice versa. On this last point, strong confirmatory evidence has recently been supplied by Symonds (1943). He states \" the incidence of neurosis in different tactical duties varies directly with the amount of hazard encountered, as measured by the casualty rates.\" He also provides a table correlating the degree of predisposition with the degree of stress in 2,200 neurotic casualties, which shows that the degree of flying stress falls steadily as predisposition increases. From his table a correlation coefficient between the two variables of -0-26±0-02 can be calculated. In the paper referred to no very detailed analysis of the nature of the neurotic predisposition was undertaken. Yet the frequency of various traits of personality was shown to vary significantly in the several diagnostic groups, and significant and fairly high correlations were found between personality traits and eventual symptomatology. There was, therefore, evidence of constitutional heterogeneity in the population investigated. On the other hand all the neurotic personality traits were noted as being at least sometimes present in all the diagnostic groups, and the same was true of all the classes of symptoms observed, with the exception of obsessional compulsive symptoms and psychotic and organic symptoms. This means in effect that the different neurotic groups fade off into one another clinically, and do not form qualitatively distinct groups. This observation is one with which every clinician is in practice familiar. This, then, is the starting point of the argument which is developed in the following pages. It is our purpose to reduce the hypothesis already propounded to precise terms which may be handled statistically, lind made the basis of predictions which can be checked by further observations. What is involved is, in fact, a general theory of the nature of the neurotic constitution.","PeriodicalId":54783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1944-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.7.1-2.49","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29899873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 61

A CASE OF PARTIAL CONGENITAL HEMI-HYPERTROPHY. 部分先天性半肥厚1例。

Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry Pub Date : 1944-01-01 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.7.1-2.30

A Huse

引用次数: 0

MYELITIS DUE TO VACCINATION. 由疫苗引起的脊髓炎。

Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry Pub Date : 1944-01-01 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.7.1-2.18

G J Dixon

引用次数: 3

CAUSATION OF MONGOLISM. 蒙古族的病因。

Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry Pub Date : 1944-01-01 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.7.1-2.27

M Engler

引用次数: 2

POST-TRAUMATIC PAIN AND THE CAUSALGIC SYNDROME. 创伤后疼痛和致痛综合征。

Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry Pub Date : 1944-01-01 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.7.1-2.33

J Doupe, C H Cullen, G Q Chance

{"title":"POST-TRAUMATIC PAIN AND THE CAUSALGIC SYNDROME.","authors":"J Doupe, C H Cullen, G Q Chance","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.7.1-2.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.7.1-2.33","url":null,"abstract":"IT is not uncommon, especially in wartime, to be faced by patients complaining of persistant severe pain in the hand or foot following an injury to a limb, despite the absence of apparent cause. It is with such cases that the present paper is concerned. Excluded from consideration are cases in which post-traumatic pain arises from tender neuromata or obvious vascular abnormalities. Weir Mitchell (1872) dealing particularly with injuries involving nerves used the term causalgia for this condition, and though describing many examples that have become classical he did not rigidly define the term. Indeed Homans (1939) suggests that a considerable number of states have been at one time or another included under this term and such a view is supported by ideas developed elsewhere (Doupe and Cullen 1943). On the other hand, it would seem that cases of causalgia have been described under a variety of other names. This tendency to dispersion in the literature has been noted, both by Homans (1939) and de Takats (1943), and they have been tempted to counteract it by grouping many of these conditions together. In Table I it will be seen that there is a disparity in the conditions so grouped by these two authors and that the cause of this disparity appears to lie not only in the redundant terminology but in different conceptions of the genesis of the condition: Homans stressing the part played by reflex arterial spasm while de Takats is impressed by the element of vasodilatation.","PeriodicalId":54783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1944-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.7.1-2.33","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29899872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 172

TRAUMATIC DILATATION OF THE CEREBRAL VENTRICLES. 脑室外伤性扩张。

Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry Pub Date : 1944-01-01 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.7.1-2.1

D W Northfield

{"title":"TRAUMATIC DILATATION OF THE CEREBRAL VENTRICLES.","authors":"D W Northfield","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.7.1-2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.7.1-2.1","url":null,"abstract":"or meningo-cerebral cicatrix which may result from focal contusion and laceration of the brain rest upon a firm foundation of fact, of unequivocal observation. 2. The enlargement involves the whole of one lateral ventricle; it may occur on that side of the head which received the blow, or on the opposite side. These cases may provide a link connecting the processes leading to local bulging, and those causing general symmetrical dilatation. It is tempting to assume that a large focal contusion can lead to cedema of the whole hemisphere. If this were proven, and if the cedema alone, as opposed to any vascular disturbances which cause cedema were sufficiently severe and enduring, then doubtless gliosis and atrophy would lead to ventricular enlargement. Although such an explanation is accepted by many, an cedema of this extent has not yet been satisfactorily proven. The occurrence of contralateral enlargement seems related to contrecoup effects, but the precise mechanism of dilatation is not thereby explained. Raised intracranial pressure by itself cannot be the cause, unless a softened state of one hemisphere allows its ventricle to dilate. 3. General symmetrical enlargement of the lateral ventricles; rarely the third and fourth ventricles are involved, although not to any considerable extent. Two questions immediately present themselves. What is an abnormally large ventricle, and what is the incidence of the condition? Davidoff and Dyke (1937) measure the distance between the outermost limits of the bodies at the lateral angles as seen in the antero-posterior projection and regard 3*5-4*5 cm. as normal. Robertson (1941) proposed","PeriodicalId":54783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1944-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.7.1-2.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29899866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

THE EFFECT OF GALVANIC EXERCISE ON DENERVATED AND RE-INNERVATED MUSCLES IN THE RABBIT. 电运动对家兔失神经和再神经肌肉的影响。

Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry Pub Date : 1944-01-01 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.7.1-2.7

E Gutmann, L Guttmann

引用次数: 58

THE CHEMICAL INHIBITION OF FIBRE REGENERATION AND NEUROMA FORMATION IN PERIPHERAL NERVES. 周围神经纤维再生和神经瘤形成的化学抑制。

Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry Pub Date : 1943-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a070219

L. Guttmann, P. Medawar

{"title":"THE CHEMICAL INHIBITION OF FIBRE REGENERATION AND NEUROMA FORMATION IN PERIPHERAL NERVES.","authors":"L. Guttmann, P. Medawar","doi":"10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a070219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a070219","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction THE problem of suppressing the regenerative growth of nerve fibres by chernical or other means owes its clinical interest to the need for preventing or stopping the acute pain that sometimes develops after injury to peripheral nerves. The conditions under which acute pain develops have not been closely defined. It cannot be definitely attributed to any one particular cause, and it is not invariably accompanied be neuroma formation. Reactions from islands of infection and foreign bodies in the nerve itself (Marinesco 1918, 1920), the involvement of escaping nerve fibres in scar tissue and muscle (discussed by Corner, 1918b), and pressure upon \" young \" unmyelinated fibres (Cone, 1918) may each play a part. Clinical evidence nevertheless shows that pain in some form, particularly in amputation stumps, is associated with neuroma formation and other consequences of unorganized regenerative growth. Pain of this sort is sometimes relieved by excising the neuroma, and is prevented from recurring, or from arising in the first instance, by taking certain preventative measures. These may be reviewed shortly under two headings:","PeriodicalId":54783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1943-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a070219","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61381532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

THE LOCAL EXTENSION OF NERVE FIBRES INTO DENERVATED AREAS OF SKIN. 神经纤维局部延伸到皮肤无神经支配的区域。

Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry Pub Date : 1943-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDJOURNALS.BMB.A070230

G. Weddell, L. Guttmann, E. Gutmann

{"title":"THE LOCAL EXTENSION OF NERVE FIBRES INTO DENERVATED AREAS OF SKIN.","authors":"G. Weddell, L. Guttmann, E. Gutmann","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDJOURNALS.BMB.A070230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDJOURNALS.BMB.A070230","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction THE existence of extensive overlap between the cutaneous nerve fibres derived from successive nerve roots was first demonstrated by Sherrington (1893) in a study of residual sensibility after section of one or more roots. Other methods, such as that involving local strychninization of the dorsal spinal roots employed by Dusser de Barenne (1910), have been found to give essentially similar results. The method of antidromic stimulation (originally used by Stricker (1876) and Bayliss (1901)) and the study of residual sensibility after the section of dorsal nerve roots were both employed by Foerster (1936) to determine the extent of each human dermatome, and again the correspondence between the results obtained by both methods was close. The amount of overlap which exists between the peripheral cutaneous nerves of the limbs has been determined by a number of methods, which include anatomical dissection, the successive anesthetization of nerves supplying contiguous areas of skin followed by sensory tests (Woollard et al., 1940), electrical stimulation methods through the intact skin (Thompson et al., 1934), and finally by the analysis of the sensory loss following peripheral nerve injuries in a large series of patients (Foerster, 1917, 1929). The correspondence between the stimulation and anwsthetization methods is reasonably close. On the other hand, the analysis of sensory loss and sweat secretion (Guttmann, 1940) following nerve injuries shows in many cases very large degrees of overlap which are not demonstrated by the other methods. This finding, taken in conjunction with the clinical observation by Pollock (1920) that the areas of sensory loss following nerve injuries shrink circumferentially before any regeneration can have taken place from the central stump, suggests either that the method of recording residual sensibility is not entirely accurate or that a proportion of overlapping nerve fibres do not transmit impulses giving rise to sensations for some time following a nerve lesion (Pollock, 1919). It is also possible that a new growth of fibres from surrounding normal nerves towards the area of sensory loss takes place (Schuh, 191 1, and Weddell and Glees, 1941). The method of staining nerve fibres throughout large whole preparations of skin by local injection of methylene blue (Weddell, 1941) has been applied 206","PeriodicalId":54783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1943-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/OXFORDJOURNALS.BMB.A070230","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61382061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 56