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A Model for the Binding of Fluorescently Labeled Anti-Human CD4 Monoclonal Antibodies to CD4 Receptors on Human Lymphocytes. 人淋巴细胞上荧光标记的抗人CD4单克隆抗体与CD4受体结合的模型。
IF 1.5 4区 工程技术
Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Pub Date : 2018-12-14 DOI: 10.1002/HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.6028/JRES.123.022
Lili Wang, A. Gaigalas, P. DeRose
{"title":"A Model for the Binding of Fluorescently Labeled Anti-Human CD4 Monoclonal Antibodies to CD4 Receptors on Human Lymphocytes.","authors":"Lili Wang, A. Gaigalas, P. DeRose","doi":"10.1002/HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.6028/JRES.123.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.6028/JRES.123.022","url":null,"abstract":"The CD4 glycoprotein is a component of the T cell receptor complex which plays an important role in the human immune response. This manuscript describes the measurement and modeling of the binding of fluorescently labeled anti-human CD4 monoclonal antibodies (mAb; SK3 clone) to CD4 receptors on the surface of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). CD4 mAb fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and CD4 mAb allophycoerythrin (APC) conjugates were obtained from commercial sources. Four binding conditions were performed, each with the same PBMC sample and different CD4 mAb conjugate. Each binding condition consisted of the PBMC sample incubated for 30 min in labeling solutions containing progressively larger concentrations of the CD4 mAb-label conjugate. After the incubation period, the cells were re-suspended in PBS-based buffer and analyzed using a flow cytometer to measure the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of the labeled cell populations. A model was developed to estimate the equilibrium concentration of bound CD4 mAb-label conjugates to CD4 receptors on PBMC. A set of parameters was obtained from the best fit of the model to the measured MFI data and the known number of CD4 receptors on PBMC surface. Divalent and monovalent binding had to be invoked for the APC and FITC CD4 mAb conjugates, respectively. This suggests that the mAb binding depends on the size of the label, which has significant implications for quantitative flow cytometry. The study supports the National Institute of Standards and Technology program to develop quantitative flow cytometry measurements.","PeriodicalId":54766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology","volume":"123 1","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2018-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44356244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Industrial Wireless End-to-End Measurements and Impacts in a Gas-Sensing Scenario. 气体传感场景中的工业无线端到端测量和影响。
IF 1.5 4区 工程技术
Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Pub Date : 2018-12-11 DOI: 10.1002/HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.6028/JRES.123.023
M. Kashef, R. Candell
{"title":"Industrial Wireless End-to-End Measurements and Impacts in a Gas-Sensing Scenario.","authors":"M. Kashef, R. Candell","doi":"10.1002/HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.6028/JRES.123.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.6028/JRES.123.023","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial wireless is a potential networking solution in many scenarios due to its flexibility and ease of communications in harsh environments. Industrial wireless in gas-sensing and air-quality monitoring applications is essential when wired communications cannot perform the task safely and effectively. A major example of such environments is confined spaces where attaching mobile gas sensors with wires is a major concern for safety and cannot be deployed in some cases. At the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), we developed an end-to-end characterization method for industrial wireless networks. We employed this characterization method to study the end-to-end error and delay performance for a confined-space gas-sensing scenario. We have built the scenario using the NIST industrial wireless test bed, which includes ISA100.11a wireless devices, a channel emulator, and a high-performance programmable logic controller (PLC), where the physical process is simulated. In this work, we studied the effects of the size of the confined space, the relaying, input signal rate, and the impact of the existing workers in the confined space.","PeriodicalId":54766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology","volume":"123 1","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2018-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48676517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Industrial Wireless End-to-End Measurements and Impacts in a Gas-Sensing Scenario. 工业无线端到端测量和气体传感场景的影响。
IF 1.5 4区 工程技术
Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Pub Date : 2018-12-11 eCollection Date: 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.6028/jres.123.023
Mohamed Kashef, Richard Candell
{"title":"Industrial Wireless End-to-End Measurements and Impacts in a Gas-Sensing Scenario.","authors":"Mohamed Kashef,&nbsp;Richard Candell","doi":"10.6028/jres.123.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.123.023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Industrial wireless is a potential networking solution in many scenarios due to its flexibility and ease of communications in harsh environments. Industrial wireless in gas-sensing and air-quality monitoring applications is essential when wired communications cannot perform the task safely and effectively. A major example of such environments is confined spaces where attaching mobile gas sensors with wires is a major concern for safety and cannot be deployed in some cases. At the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), we developed an end-to-end characterization method for industrial wireless networks. We employed this characterization method to study the end-to-end error and delay performance for a confined-space gas-sensing scenario. We have built the scenario using the NIST industrial wireless test bed, which includes ISA100.11a wireless devices, a channel emulator, and a high-performance programmable logic controller (PLC), where the physical process is simulated. In this work, we studied the effects of the size of the confined space, the relaying, input signal rate, and the impact of the existing workers in the confined space.</p>","PeriodicalId":54766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology","volume":"123 ","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2018-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.6028/jres.123.023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39790932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
How to Define the Units of the Revised SI Starting from Seven Constants with Fixed Numerical Values. 如何从具有固定数值的七个常数出发，定义修订版 SI 的单位。
IF 1.5 4区 工程技术
Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Pub Date : 2018-12-03 eCollection Date: 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.6028/jres.123.021
Richard S Davis
{"title":"How to Define the Units of the Revised SI Starting from Seven Constants with Fixed Numerical Values.","authors":"Richard S Davis","doi":"10.6028/jres.123.021","DOIUrl":"10.6028/jres.123.021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As part of a revision to the International System of Units (SI) approved in 2018 and to take effect in May 2019, the seven base units will be defined by giving fixed numerical values to seven defining constants. This article shows how the definitions of all seven base units can be derived efficiently from the defining constants, with the result appearing as a table. The table's form makes evident a number of connections between the defining constants and the base units. Appendices show how the same methodology could have been used to define the same base units in the present SI, as well as the mathematics that underpins the methodology. Since the base units are now defined in terms of constants, then all units in the SI are now defined in terms of those constants.</p>","PeriodicalId":54766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology","volume":"123 ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2018-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7339751/pdf/jres-123-021.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39701120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Implementation of an Effective Bond Energy Formalism in the Multicomponent Calphad Approach. 多分量calphhad方法中有效键能形式的实现。
IF 1.5 4区 工程技术
Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Pub Date : 2018-11-26 eCollection Date: 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.6028/jres.123.020
Nathalie Dupin, Ursula R Kattner, Bo Sundman, Mauro Palumbo, Suzana G Fries
{"title":"Implementation of an Effective Bond Energy Formalism in the Multicomponent Calphad Approach.","authors":"Nathalie Dupin,&nbsp;Ursula R Kattner,&nbsp;Bo Sundman,&nbsp;Mauro Palumbo,&nbsp;Suzana G Fries","doi":"10.6028/jres.123.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.123.020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most models currently used for complex phases in the calculation of phase diagrams (Calphad) method are based on the compound energy formalism. The way this formalism is presently used, however, is prone to poor extrapolation behavior in higher-order systems, especially when treating phases with complex crystal structures. In this paper, a partition of the Gibbs energy into effective bond energies, without changing its configurational entropy expression, is proposed, thereby remarkably improving the extrapolation behavior. The proposed model allows the use of as many sublattices as there are occupied Wyckoff sites and has great potential for reducing the number of necessary parameters, thus allowing shorter computational time. Examples for face centered cubic (fcc) ordering and the <i>σ</i> phase are given.</p>","PeriodicalId":54766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology","volume":"123 ","pages":"1-33"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2018-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.6028/jres.123.020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39702546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Gain Calibration of Current-to-Voltage Converters. 电流-电压转换器的增益校准。
IF 1.5 4区 工程技术
Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Pub Date : 2018-11-19 DOI: 10.1002/HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.6028/JRES.123.019
T. Larason, C. Cameron Miller
{"title":"Gain Calibration of Current-to-Voltage Converters.","authors":"T. Larason, C. Cameron Miller","doi":"10.1002/HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.6028/JRES.123.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.6028/JRES.123.019","url":null,"abstract":"Current-to-voltage converters are used in many photometric and radiometric applications. The calibration of current-to-voltage converters at a few input currents is not always sufficient to understand the linearity and the bias of a device. Many devices have structure deviating from a linear response over the operating range of a gain setting. Measurement services that rely on these devices now have decreased uncertainties to a level that requires quantifying the uncertainties and understanding how they propagate. The National Institute of Standards and Technology has developed a system to calibrate the current-to-voltage conversion factor or \"gain\" and offset of these devices for direct current photocurrents. The equipment used for the calibration is described here, and the results and uncertainties are discussed.","PeriodicalId":54766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology","volume":"123 1","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2018-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41913188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Gain Calibration of Current-to-Voltage Converters. 电流-电压转换器的增益校准。
IF 1.5 4区 工程技术
Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Pub Date : 2018-11-19 eCollection Date: 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.6028/jres.123.019
Thomas Larason, C Cameron Miller
{"title":"Gain Calibration of Current-to-Voltage Converters.","authors":"Thomas Larason,&nbsp;C Cameron Miller","doi":"10.6028/jres.123.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.123.019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Current-to-voltage converters are used in many photometric and radiometric applications. The calibration of current-to-voltage converters at a few input currents is not always sufficient to understand the linearity and the bias of a device. Many devices have structure deviating from a linear response over the operating range of a gain setting. Measurement services that rely on these devices now have decreased uncertainties to a level that requires quantifying the uncertainties and understanding how they propagate. The National Institute of Standards and Technology has developed a system to calibrate the current-to-voltage conversion factor or \"gain\" and offset of these devices for direct current photocurrents. The equipment used for the calibration is described here, and the results and uncertainties are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":54766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology","volume":"123 ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2018-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.6028/jres.123.019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39701118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Model of a Wireless Factory Work-Cell Using the Systems Modeling Language. 使用系统建模语言的无线工厂工作单元模型。
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术
Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Pub Date : 2018-10-25 eCollection Date: 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.6028/jres.123.018
Richard Candell
{"title":"A Model of a Wireless Factory Work-Cell Using the Systems Modeling Language.","authors":"Richard Candell","doi":"10.6028/jres.123.018","DOIUrl":"10.6028/jres.123.018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology","volume":"123 ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2018-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7339604/pdf/jres-123-018.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39790503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Model of a Wireless Factory Work-Cell Using the Systems Modeling Language. 基于系统建模语言的无线工厂工作单元模型。
IF 1.5 4区 工程技术
Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Pub Date : 2018-10-25 DOI: 10.1002/HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.6028/JRES.123.018
R. Candell
{"title":"A Model of a Wireless Factory Work-Cell Using the Systems Modeling Language.","authors":"R. Candell","doi":"10.1002/HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.6028/JRES.123.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.6028/JRES.123.018","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless technology is a key enabler of the vision of the future factory work-cell. Such a work-cell will operate autonomously with a high degree of mobility enabled by wireless technology. This paper describes the work-cell using the Systems Modeling Language (SysML). Using SysML the structural and parametric characteristics of the work-cell are described. Our model provides the architectural components and performance constraints of the work-cell in which wireless is used for a significant portion of connectivity. It identifies the structural components, interfaces, and data flows. Parametric characteristics that impact work-cell performance are included in the model. Using this model, industrial wireless networking requirements and work-cell behaviors may be developed and performance limits may be evaluated. The SysML model presented here is developed using MagicDraw 18.5 by No Magic.","PeriodicalId":54766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2018-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44100519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Calibration Fluids and Calibration Equations: How Choices May Affect the Results of Density Measurements Made with U-Tube Densimeters. 校准流体和校准方程:选择如何影响用u型管密度计进行密度测量的结果。
IF 1.5 4区 工程技术
Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Pub Date : 2018-10-09 DOI: 10.1002/HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.6028/JRES.123.017
S. Outcalt
{"title":"Calibration Fluids and Calibration Equations: How Choices May Affect the Results of Density Measurements Made with U-Tube Densimeters.","authors":"S. Outcalt","doi":"10.1002/HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.6028/JRES.123.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.6028/JRES.123.017","url":null,"abstract":"Data on the calibration fluids water and toluene individually, and the combination of those two sets of data, were correlated with two different equations (resulting in six sets of calibration equation parameters) to analyze data measured with a vibrating-tube densimeter on the lubricants pentaerythritol tetrapentanoate (POE5), pentaerythritol tetraheptanoate (POE7), and pentaerythritol tetranonanoate (POE9) at temperatures from 270 K to 470 K and pressures from 0.5 MPa to 50 MPa. The objective was to explore how the calculated densities of the lubricants would differ based on the calibration equations and calibration fluid(s). The viscosities of the measured lubricants are much greater than those of the calibration fluids, and because there has long been a question of how measurements of higher viscosity fluids are affected when measured with a vibrating-tube densimeter, combinations of calibration fluid(s) and equations were tested to explore the role they play in obtaining accurate results. For the lubricants studied herein, more accurate results were obtained with a calibration fitted to multiple calibration fluids, while the consistency of results was more equation dependent.","PeriodicalId":54766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology","volume":"123 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2018-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42074566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
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