Metal Ions in Biological Systems最新文献

{"title":"Microbial transformations of radionuclides: fundamental mechanisms and biogeochemical implications.","authors":"J. Lloyd, J. Renshaw","doi":"10.1201/9780849346071-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780849346071-8","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses fundamental mechanisms and biogeochemical implications of microbial transformations of radionuclides.","PeriodicalId":54739,"journal":{"name":"Metal Ions in Biological Systems","volume":"44 1","pages":"205-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65950160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthropogenic impacts on the biogeochemistry and cycling of antimony.","authors":"W. Shotyk, M. Krachler, Bin Chen","doi":"10.1201/9780849346071-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780849346071-12","url":null,"abstract":"Antimony is a potentially toxic trace element with no known biological function. Antimony is commonly enriched in coals, and fossil fuel combustion appears to be the largest single source of anthropogenic Sb to the global atmosphere. Abundant in sulfide minerals, its emission to the atmosphere from anthropogenic activities is linked to the mining and metallurgy of non-ferrous metals, especially Pb, Cu, and Zn. In particular, the geochemical and mineralogical association of Sb with Pb minerals implies that, like Pb, Sb has been emitted to the environment for thousands of years because of Pb mining, smelting, and refining. In the US alone, there are more than 400 former secondary lead smelting operations and worldwide there are 133 Pb-Zn smelters in operation today. Antimony is used in creating and improving dozens of industrial and commercial materials including various alloys, ceramics, glasses, plastics, and synthetic fabrics, making waste incineration another important source of Sb to the environment. Enrichments of Sb in atmospheric aerosols, plants, soils, sediments, as well as alpine and polar snow and ice suggest that Sb contamination is extensive, but there are very few quantitative studies of the geographic extent, intensity, and chronology of this contamination. There is an urgent need to quantify the extent of human impacts and how these have changed with time. The decreasing inventories of anthropogenic Sb with time in peat cores from Switzerland and Scotland suggest that the atmospheric Sb flux may be declining, but there have been too few studies to make any general conclusions. In fact, some studies of sediments and biomonitors in central Europe show little decline in Sb concentrations during the past decades. There is an obvious need for reliable data from well dated archives such as polar snow and ice, peat bogs, and sediments. The air concentrations, extent of enrichment, particle size distribution, and rate of deposition of Sb in urban areas is cause for concern. The natural processes which controlled the Sb flux to the atmosphere in the pre-anthropogenic past are poorly understood. The cumulative amount of anthropogenic Sb in soils has not yet been quantified. The long-term fate of Sb in soils, including weathering and mobilization, has only started to be investigated. However, the limited data available suggests that, in some locations at least, anthropogenic Sb in soils may be more mobile than anthropogenic Pb. Further study of this problem is needed, as well as the chemical speciation of Sb in soil-water-plant-sediment systems, and the implications which this has for human and ecosystem health.","PeriodicalId":54739,"journal":{"name":"Metal Ions in Biological Systems","volume":"3 1","pages":"171-203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65950047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biogeochemistry of carbonates: recorders of past oceans and climate.","authors":"R. Rickaby, D. Schrag","doi":"10.1201/9780849346071-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780849346071-14","url":null,"abstract":"Trace metal proxies bound within the calcium carbonate tests of oceanic organisms provide a unique insight into how the climate system works on timescales which span eight orders of magnitude, from annual to hundreds of millions of years. Whilst the motivation for developing these proxies was the idea that thermodynamic equilibria control the chemistry during precipitation, in reality the application of trace metal proxies relies upon empirical calibration. Such calibration can be applied to a wide range of environmental reconstructions, but more accurate application of proxies requires a mechanistic understanding of the biomineralization process. The partitioning of trace metals into biogenic carbonates reflects to some extent the same pattern as an inorganic crystal, but there is an additional selectivity and differing environmental sensitivity to, e.g., temperature, which confirms that biochemical processes also play a role in the uptake and assembly of ions into a crystal. Different organisms display differing degrees of biological control on their carbonate chemistry. Aragonitic coral chemistry is most similar to inorganic precipitation from seawater whilst coccolithophores are most different, and these contrasts correlate with the degree of control of the organism over its biomineralization. Selectivity between Ca and trace metals during biomineralization arises during transport by pumps, channels, or nucleation upon an organic matrix. The biological selectivity of the transporters and matrix is strikingly similar in its base chemistry to the selective assembly of ions into a crystal. In each case, the selectivity between Ca2+ and trace metals derives from the balance between the energy required for dehydration of the hexaaqua complex of the cation, and the energy released from the new coordination geometry of binding with either carbonyl oxygen from polysaccharides or amino acids, or carbonate oxygen in the crystal. This is a speculative idea, but with some careful chemical calculations based on the energy of binding of Ca2+ or the trace metal ions to these macromolecular structures, it provides an alternative thermodynamic framework within which to consider the application of trace metal proxies.","PeriodicalId":54739,"journal":{"name":"Metal Ions in Biological Systems","volume":"44 1","pages":"241-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65950091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biogeochemistry of dihydrogen (H2).","authors":"Tori M Hoehler","doi":"10.1201/9780824751999.ch2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780824751999.ch2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydrogen has had an important and evolving role in Earth's geo- and biogeochemistry, from prebiotic to modern times. On the earliest Earth, abiotic sources of H2 were likely stronger than in the present. Volcanic out-gassing and hydrothermal circulation probably occurred at several times the modern rate, due to presumably higher heat flux. The H2 component of volcanic emissions was likely buffered close to the modern value by an approximately constant mantle oxidation state since 3.9 billion years ago, and may have been higher before that, if the early mantle was more reducing. The predominantly ultramafic character of the early, undifferentiated crust could have led to increased serpentinization and release of H2 by hydrothermal circulation, as in modern ultramafic-hosted vents. At the same time, the reactive atmospheric sink for H2 was likely weaker. Collectively, these factors suggest that steady state levels of H2 in the prebiotic atmosphere were 3-4 orders of magnitude higher than at present, and possibly higher still during transient periods following the delivery of Fe and Ni by large impact events. These elevated levels had direct or indirect impacts on the redox state of the atmosphere, the radiation budget, the production of aerosol hazes, and the genesis of biochemical precursor compounds. The early abiotic cycling of H2 helped to establish the environmental and chemical context for the origins of life on Earth. The potential for H2 to serve as a source of energy and reducing power, and to afford a means of energy storage by the establishment of proton gradients, could have afforded it a highly utilitarian role in the earliest metabolic chemistry. Some origin of life theories suggest the involvement of H2 in the first energy-generating metabolism, and the widespread and deeply-branching nature of H2-utilization in the modern tree of life suggests that it was at least a very early biochemical innovation. The abiotic production of H2 via several mechanisms of water-rock interaction could have supported an early chemosynthetic biosphere. Such processes offer the continued potential for a deep, rock-hosted biosphere on Earth or other bodies in the solar system. The continued evolution of metabolic and community-level versatility among microbes led to an expanded ability to completely exploit the energy available in complex organic matter. Under the anoxic conditions that prevailed on the early Earth, this was accomplished through the linked and sequential action of several metabolic classes of organisms. By transporting electrons between cells, H2 provides a means of linking the activities of these organisms into a highly functional and interactive network. At the same time, H2 concentrations exert a powerful thermodynamic control on many aspects of metabolism and biogeochemical function in these systems. Anaerobic communities based on the consumption of organic matter continue to play an important role in global biogeochemistry even","PeriodicalId":54739,"journal":{"name":"Metal Ions in Biological Systems","volume":"43 ","pages":"9-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25763245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dioxygen over geological time.","authors":"Norman H Sleep","doi":"10.1201/9780824751999.ch3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780824751999.ch3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54739,"journal":{"name":"Metal Ions in Biological Systems","volume":"43 ","pages":"49-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25763246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological cycling of phosphorus.","authors":"Bernhard Schink","doi":"10.1201/9780824751999.ch6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780824751999.ch6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54739,"journal":{"name":"Metal Ions in Biological Systems","volume":"43 ","pages":"131-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25763249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Speciation and bioavailability of trace metals in freshwater environments.","authors":"Laura Sigg,&nbsp;Renata Behra","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54739,"journal":{"name":"Metal Ions in Biological Systems","volume":"44 ","pages":"47-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25149096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioavailability and biogeochemistry of metals in the terrestrial environment.","authors":"Kerstin Michel,&nbsp;Bernard Ludwig","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54739,"journal":{"name":"Metal Ions in Biological Systems","volume":"44 ","pages":"75-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25149097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atmospheric transport of metals.","authors":"T. Berg, E. Steinnes","doi":"10.1201/9780849346071-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780849346071-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54739,"journal":{"name":"Metal Ions in Biological Systems","volume":"488 1","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65949985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The biogeochemical cycles of the elements and the evolution of life.","authors":"Peter M H Kroneck","doi":"10.1201/9780824751999.ch1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780824751999.ch1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54739,"journal":{"name":"Metal Ions in Biological Systems","volume":"43 ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1201/9780824751999.ch1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25763243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}