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Picturing Seeds of Poppies 画罂粟的种子
IF 0.2 4区 哲学
Nuncius-Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2022-02-02 DOI: 10.1163/18253911-bja10023
C. Eriksen
{"title":"Picturing Seeds of Poppies","authors":"C. Eriksen","doi":"10.1163/18253911-bja10023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18253911-bja10023","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The middle of the seventeenth century saw the emergence of a new kind of botanical observation: Microscopical observations of seeds. Previously, naturalists had made observations of seeds to complete their description of plants published in herbals, but for the first generation of Royal Society microscopists—Henry Power, Robert Hooke, and Nehemiah Grew—seeds became the centre of attention. This essay details this transition in plant knowledge by zooming in on just one kind of seeds: The poppy seed. Poppy seeds were abundant in early modern England as they were found in fields, gardens, kitchens and pharmacies. They were also excellent specimens to look at through microscopes, but for different reasons. Focusing on pictorial representation, especially, I analyse the diverse ambitions behind Power, Hooke, and Grew’s observations of poppy seeds, and how they used pictures to further these. The comparison of these three observations of the same specimen highlights the diversity of strategies for scientific representation in the early Royal Society while showing that intense, instrument-enhanced observation did not produce a stable epistemic object, but a multiplicity of epistemic images.","PeriodicalId":54710,"journal":{"name":"Nuncius-Journal of the History of Science","volume":"130 12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79603315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Tricky Start 棘手的开始
IF 0.2 4区 哲学
Nuncius-Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2021-11-18 DOI: 10.1163/18253911-03603014
Claudio Pogliano
{"title":"A Tricky Start","authors":"Claudio Pogliano","doi":"10.1163/18253911-03603014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18253911-03603014","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The earliest encounters between cinema and anthropology occurred while the former was taking its first steps and the latter was trying to better define its disciplinary profile. Among the first to be involved was the Frenchman Félix Regnault, an investigator of many topics and a lifelong supporter of the importance of ethnographic cinema. Racial differences were at the center of his interests, although attempts to highlight them yielded contradictory results. Some years later, the Britain Alfred C. Haddon brought a camera with him on the legendary Cambridge expedition to the Torres Strait (1898) and recorded a few films. The third example discussed here is that of Baldwin Spencer, who, together with Francis Gillen, included the filming of native ceremonies in his studies on the indigenous populations of Central Australia. Not only did technical and logistical problems trouble the start of ethnographic cinema. The theoretical framework of social evolutionism was weakening and anthropology was turning more and more to the study of language, kinship and belief systems. Here the contribution that cinema could make seemed temporarily to be in question.","PeriodicalId":54710,"journal":{"name":"Nuncius-Journal of the History of Science","volume":"32 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72411453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Constructing the “Jewish Type” 构建“犹太类型”
IF 0.2 4区 哲学
Nuncius-Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2021-11-18 DOI: 10.1163/18253911-03603002
Efram Sera-Shriar
{"title":"Constructing the “Jewish Type”","authors":"Efram Sera-Shriar","doi":"10.1163/18253911-03603002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18253911-03603002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 With the emergence of new photographic technologies and processes during the second half of the nineteenth century, it became increasingly easier to pursue anthropometric research in anthropology. One group to receive particular attention was the Jewish community. This interest was due to several factors including the influx of Jewish immigrants to Britain as a result of the pogroms in the Russian Empire, easy access to subjects for the purpose of photographing and measuring them, and longstanding attempts to classify and racialize Jewish people within the human sciences. This paper will examine the construction of the supposed “Jewish type” during the late Victorian period by looking at the work of the Victorian polymath Francis Galton (1822–1911), and the Jewish folklorist and anthropologist Joseph Jacobs (1854–1916). Using the composite portraits of Jewish schoolboys that appeared in The Photographic News in 1885, the paper will explore both Galton’s and Jacobs’ visual epistemologies for constructing and representing this racial category, and the social and political factors underpinning their interpretations.","PeriodicalId":54710,"journal":{"name":"Nuncius-Journal of the History of Science","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76046080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Science and Race 科学与种族
IF 0.2 4区 哲学
Nuncius-Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2021-11-18 DOI: 10.1163/18253911-03603006
M. Capocci, Claudio Pogliano
{"title":"Science and Race","authors":"M. Capocci, Claudio Pogliano","doi":"10.1163/18253911-03603006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18253911-03603006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54710,"journal":{"name":"Nuncius-Journal of the History of Science","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82218717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Putting the Suenjel Sámi on the Map 把Suenjel Sámi放在地图上
IF 0.2 4区 哲学
Nuncius-Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2021-11-18 DOI: 10.1163/18253911-03603007
Otso Kortekangas
{"title":"Putting the Suenjel Sámi on the Map","authors":"Otso Kortekangas","doi":"10.1163/18253911-03603007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18253911-03603007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article examines the early publications and correspondence of Karl Nickul, a Finnish geodesist and amateur ethnographer/anthropologist. In his publications and correspondence, Nickul studied and discussed the Skolt Sámi of the village of Suenjel in the Finnish province of Petsamo. Nickul was a polyglot and an internationally-minded pacifist who framed the Suenjel Sámi among other “primitive” peoples worldwide, instead of among the neighbouring Finno-Ugric-speaking peoples in Soviet Karelia just across the Finnish-Soviet border. In the Suenjel Sámi, Nickul saw a chance to preserve an instance of the “original” Sámi way of life, which he viewed as being closely conditioned by nature. Nickul wanted to carry out this preservation for the sake of the Sámi themselves as well as for scholarly purposes. As he sought international recognition for the Suenjel Sámi and parallel cases of cultural preservation, Nickul simultaneously developed a scholarly persona as the foremost expert on this population without following the conventional academic route.","PeriodicalId":54710,"journal":{"name":"Nuncius-Journal of the History of Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88638416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Lidio Cipriani (1892–1962), the Photographs in His Popular Science Literature 利迪奥·奇普里亚尼(1892-1962)，他的科普文学作品中的照片
IF 0.2 4区 哲学
Nuncius-Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2021-11-18 DOI: 10.1163/18253911-03603016
Lucas Orlando Iannuzzi
{"title":"Lidio Cipriani (1892–1962), the Photographs in His Popular Science Literature","authors":"Lucas Orlando Iannuzzi","doi":"10.1163/18253911-03603016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18253911-03603016","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The case of Lidio Cipriani (1892–1962) is symptomatic of a time when sciences like anthropology and ethnology supported the fascist ideology and gave it scientific approval in a crucial political moment for Benito Mussolini’s regime (1930–1940), which enacted racist laws and institutionalized the establishment of racial segregation in the colonies as well as within the boundaries of the motherland. Over the past thirty years historiography has focused some attention on the issue, but in this contribution I would like to highlight a point that has only been mentioned in passing in studies dedicated to the Florentine anthropologist, namely the questions surrounding the use of his massive photographic corpus. Since the use of imagery to nourish a collective imagination had become crucial for the fascist regime, an analysis of these images and their circulation may allow us to better explore the interrelationship between a totalitarian political power, the social body impregnated with propaganda, and the physical anthropology practiced by Cipriani, who produced a colossal visual corpus that suited the fascist theoretical apparatus.","PeriodicalId":54710,"journal":{"name":"Nuncius-Journal of the History of Science","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79209512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Back matter 回到问题
IF 0.2 4区 哲学
Nuncius-Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2021-11-18 DOI: 10.1163/18253911-03603100
{"title":"Back matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1163/18253911-03603100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18253911-03603100","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54710,"journal":{"name":"Nuncius-Journal of the History of Science","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88110185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Alfred Russel Wallace and the Models of Amazonian “Indians” Displayed at the Crystal Palace Ethnological Exhibition 阿尔弗雷德·拉塞尔·华莱士和亚马逊“印第安人”模型在水晶宫民族学展览上展出
IF 0.2 4区 哲学
Nuncius-Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2021-11-18 DOI: 10.1163/18253911-bja10013
Victor Rafael Limeira-DaSilva, Juan Manuel Sánchez Arteaga
{"title":"Alfred Russel Wallace and the Models of Amazonian “Indians” Displayed at the Crystal Palace Ethnological Exhibition","authors":"Victor Rafael Limeira-DaSilva, Juan Manuel Sánchez Arteaga","doi":"10.1163/18253911-bja10013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18253911-bja10013","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper discusses Alfred Russel Wallace’s Amazonian ethnography and his collaboration with Robert Latham on the models of indigenous Amazonian peoples that were placed on display at the Crystal Palace ethnological exhibition in 1854. The reception of scholars and the public to this innovative work is also considered. Wallace’s involvement in the first British ethnological exhibition of large proportions was fundamental to the dissemination of his work, which made a valuable contribution to a field of study—the ethnology of South America—that was still in its infancy in Britain, in marked contrast to Portugal, Spain, Germany and France. Wallace’s field observations of indigenous peoples were instilled in the British imagination through the handbook to the exhibition, in which Latham stressed the importance of Wallace’s descriptions to the advancement of the field of ethnology. Indeed, Wallace’s ethnographic accounts were deemed to provide an authoritative supplement to James Prichard’s preliminary and still somewhat limited ethnological map of northern South America, contributing to the creation of a more complete picture of the indigenous Amazonian peoples of Brazil.","PeriodicalId":54710,"journal":{"name":"Nuncius-Journal of the History of Science","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82466455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Logic of Skull Writing 骷髅文字的逻辑
IF 0.2 4区 哲学
Nuncius-Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2021-11-18 DOI: 10.1163/18253911-03603005
Ricardo Roque
{"title":"The Logic of Skull Writing","authors":"Ricardo Roque","doi":"10.1163/18253911-03603005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18253911-03603005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this essay I discuss the significance of theories and classifications that appear in the material and graphic form of race and place name inscriptions on human skulls. I argue that human skulls themselves provided a site for the inscription of raciological thought, a privileged location for abbreviating broader conceptions of differences and distributions of ‘human races’. I will draw on the history of race science in 19th-century Europe to explore how and why certain race and place names were inscribed onto skulls, and the effect of this form of inscription on the shaping of theories in the racial sciences during this period. The article especially considers the work of the French anthropologists Armand de Quatrefages and Ernest-Théodore Hamy, who systematically wrote inscriptions on the skulls they were studying in the context of Crania Ethnica, arguably the most ambitious project of global racial craniology undertaken in the late 19th century.","PeriodicalId":54710,"journal":{"name":"Nuncius-Journal of the History of Science","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79953573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Corners, Tables, Lines 角落，桌子，线条
IF 0.2 4区 哲学
Nuncius-Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2021-11-18 DOI: 10.1163/18253911-03603001
S. Müller-Wille
{"title":"Corners, Tables, Lines","authors":"S. Müller-Wille","doi":"10.1163/18253911-03603001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18253911-03603001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The modern concept of race is usually traced back to proponents of a “natural history of mankind” in the European Enlightenment. Starting from allegorical representations of the four continents in the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and the eighteenth-century visual genre of castas paintings, I suggest that modern conceptions of race were significantly shaped by diagrammatic representations of human diversity that allowed for tabulation of data, combinatorial analysis, and quantification, and hence functioned as “tools to think with.” Accounting for racial ancestry in terms of “proportions of blood” not only became a preoccupation of scholars as a consequence, but also came to underwrite administrative practices and popular discourses. To contribute to a better understanding of the history of race relations, historians of the race concept need to pay more attention to these diagrammatic aspects of the concept.","PeriodicalId":54710,"journal":{"name":"Nuncius-Journal of the History of Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83053210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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