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The Gentleman, the Detective, and the Housewife 《绅士、侦探和家庭主妇
4区 哲学
Nuncius-Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1163/18253911-bja10083
Hansun Hsiung
{"title":"The Gentleman, the Detective, and the Housewife","authors":"Hansun Hsiung","doi":"10.1163/18253911-bja10083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18253911-bja10083","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article examines Japanese experiments concerning the power of “thoughtography,” demonstrating how sensory disagreements between psychologists and physicists were concretized through divergent gendered personae within contested spaces of experiment. Specifically, I analyze thoughtography as a story of conflicts between personae of “gentleman” and “detective” within the private, nuclear-familial home of the “housewife.” In the early twentieth century, the psychological laboratory had yet to establish its authority in Japan. Successful experiment thus required visiting subjects and navigating the intersensorial spaces of their homes. The strategies through which researchers adapted to homes, and the strategies by which housewives manipulated homes to their advantage, reveal contestations over how to look, touch, and feel in the presence of others. They furthermore reveal that the drive to emulate “Western science” met with contradictions in “Westernization” itself, particularly between demands concerning new protocols of masculine scholarly sociability and the prerogatives of the bourgeois wife and mother.","PeriodicalId":54710,"journal":{"name":"Nuncius-Journal of the History of Science","volume":"204 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135372205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Medical Masculinity and the Sensation of Suffering in Leonard Portal Mark’s Acromegaly (1912) 医学上的男子气概与《肢端肥大症》(1912)中的痛苦感
IF 0.2 4区 哲学
Nuncius-Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2023-09-06 DOI: 10.1163/18253911-bja10072
Harriet Palfreyman
{"title":"Medical Masculinity and the Sensation of Suffering in Leonard Portal Mark’s Acromegaly (1912)","authors":"Harriet Palfreyman","doi":"10.1163/18253911-bja10072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18253911-bja10072","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In 1912 physician Leonard Mark published a book titled Acromegaly: A Personal Experience. Within, he documented his life suffering from the titular condition which manifested in symptoms ranging from headaches to the hypertrophic enlargement of the head, hands and feet. As the condition began to affect Mark’s ability to perform his medical and artistic work his writing had to contend with his changing identity, body, and the problem of how to effectively explain the experience of his suffering. At the same time as the wider medical profession was becoming fixated on acromegaly as a disease defined almost wholly by its spectacular visible symptoms, Mark’s writing invited his reader to go beyond the merely visible and engage with his narrative on a multisensory level. What emerges in Acromegaly, and what this paper explores, is how Mark used contemporary ideas of medical masculinity, particularly in deconstructing them, to invite this sensorial engagement.","PeriodicalId":54710,"journal":{"name":"Nuncius-Journal of the History of Science","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73574692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Pendulum that Diagnoses and Cures 诊断和治疗的钟摆
IF 0.2 4区 哲学
Nuncius-Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2023-09-06 DOI: 10.1163/18253911-bja10067
Hervé Guillemain, Adrian Morfee
{"title":"The Pendulum that Diagnoses and Cures","authors":"Hervé Guillemain, Adrian Morfee","doi":"10.1163/18253911-bja10067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18253911-bja10067","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The example of medical radiesthesia illustrates how a new discipline may be elaborated and taken up by amateurs on the fringes of official academic science. Driven by scholarly discoveries about waves, it broke with the long tradition of dowsing while expanding its initial ambition, that of discovering hidden things by using an object to prolong the individual’s sensitivity. This break was materialised by the shift from rods to pendulums in the 1930s. Medical radiesthesia consists in using a pendulum—a simple object made of a solid or hollow ball of varying material oscillating on a cord—for diagnosis and therapy. It may be characterized as an amateur practice because radiesthesia was devised in the 1930s as a new discipline on the margins of professional scientific circles; and because it was theorised by non-doctors and practised mainly by people not involved in the world of professional healthcare.","PeriodicalId":54710,"journal":{"name":"Nuncius-Journal of the History of Science","volume":"269 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72526585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Émile Belot’s Models, or an Engineer’s Quest for Scientific Legitimacy Émile贝洛特的模型，还是工程师对科学合法性的追求
IF 0.2 4区 哲学
Nuncius-Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2023-09-06 DOI: 10.1163/18253911-bja10068
Volny Fages
{"title":"Émile Belot’s Models, or an Engineer’s Quest for Scientific Legitimacy","authors":"Volny Fages","doi":"10.1163/18253911-bja10068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18253911-bja10068","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Between 1905 and 1937, Émile Belot, an engineer and then director of a public tobacco factory, threw himself into scientific research seeking to reconstruct the history of the formation of the solar system. This article goes over and analyses the experimental practices Belot drew on in support of his theory, looking at the equipment he manufactured and operated in his “experimental cosmogony laboratory.” Together with a few other French engineers, Belot persistently sought to prove his legitimacy to address astronomical and geological issues. His machines reproducing the formation of spiral nebulae, volcanoes, or lunar craters acted both as material resources for deciding between rival scientific hypotheses, and as tools which, by analogy, materialised the mechanical nature of the cosmos Belot hoped to study without being confined to the scientific margins.","PeriodicalId":54710,"journal":{"name":"Nuncius-Journal of the History of Science","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88177075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Handling and Photographing Fossils 处理和拍摄化石
IF 0.2 4区 哲学
Nuncius-Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2023-09-06 DOI: 10.1163/18253911-bja10073
David Ceccarelli
{"title":"Handling and Photographing Fossils","authors":"David Ceccarelli","doi":"10.1163/18253911-bja10073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18253911-bja10073","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Paleontological iconography has come under considerable scrutiny in the recent years. In particular, historians have analyzed the impact of photography on paleontological illustration, with authors often coming to different conclusions. The present article aims at showing that visual alteration has long represented a fundamental tool of scientific inquiry in paleontological photography. During the 1900s–1960s period, paleontologists, photographers and other practitioners developed several techniques to handle fossils and fossil pictures in order to bring out phenotypic characteristics useful for taxonomic determination. The article will examine two major case-studies: photographic retouching and the so-called “coating” techniques, with specific regard to the ammonium chloride and magnesium oxide methods for whitening fossils.","PeriodicalId":54710,"journal":{"name":"Nuncius-Journal of the History of Science","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84603576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pierre Janet’s Secret Garden, or the Botanical Collection of a Psychopathologist 皮埃尔·珍妮特的秘密花园，或者精神病理学家的植物收藏
IF 0.2 4区 哲学
Nuncius-Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2023-09-06 DOI: 10.1163/18253911-bja10069
Florent Serina
{"title":"Pierre Janet’s Secret Garden, or the Botanical Collection of a Psychopathologist","authors":"Florent Serina","doi":"10.1163/18253911-bja10069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18253911-bja10069","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Pierre Janet, the French philosopher, psychotherapist, and doctor (1859–1947), has often been presented as one of the central figures in contemporary clinical psychology, whose practices and ideas are said to have anticipated those of Sigmund Freud, before becoming a fierce critic of psychoanalysis. What is less well known, however, is that he was also an experienced botanist. The recent discovery of his personal herbarium, which was long thought to be lost, leads historians to address a curious paradox. Unlike his professional papers, of which only a fraction remains, his entire collection built up over 70 years of passionate collecting has been preserved. Thus although the world-famous clinician, bound to medical secrecy, still resists historical exposition, the hitherto unknown amateur naturalist appears in the full light of day. Even though Janet was careful not to hastily amalgamate the study of human behaviour to that of plants, detailed examination of his abundant written work shows that these two disciplines could overlap on occasions.","PeriodicalId":54710,"journal":{"name":"Nuncius-Journal of the History of Science","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89617893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bodies and Objects in the Hispanic Occupation of Tahiti 西班牙人占领塔希提岛时的身体和物体
IF 0.2 4区 哲学
Nuncius-Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2023-09-06 DOI: 10.1163/18253911-bja10071
Ester García Moscardó
{"title":"Bodies and Objects in the Hispanic Occupation of Tahiti","authors":"Ester García Moscardó","doi":"10.1163/18253911-bja10071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18253911-bja10071","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Focusing on the Spanish occupation of Tahiti (1772–1776), this text deals with the plan devised by Viceroy Manuel Amat to subdue the will of the islanders. My perspective takes the analysis into the realm of seduction, emphasising the key role of objects and bodies in the project. From a wide range of colonial sources, I address the specific forms taken by technologies of domination in particular contexts, the role played by the arrangement of bodies and objects in them, and the assumptions that made it possible to think of particular bodies as mouldable raw material in the Hispanic setting of the late 18th century.","PeriodicalId":54710,"journal":{"name":"Nuncius-Journal of the History of Science","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73347435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Work of a Dilettante or a Grand Amateur? 业余爱好者的作品还是业余爱好者的作品?
IF 0.2 4区 哲学
Nuncius-Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2023-09-06 DOI: 10.1163/18253911-bja10070
Nathalie Richard, Hadrien Viraben
{"title":"The Work of a Dilettante or a Grand Amateur?","authors":"Nathalie Richard, Hadrien Viraben","doi":"10.1163/18253911-bja10070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18253911-bja10070","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 From 1873 onwards, Scottish antiquarian James Miln (1819–1881) undertook an uninterrupted series of excavations in Carnac, for which he used his skills as a draughtsman and a photographer. The archives and printed sources conserving the traces of his activities thus contain an extensive array of images: sketches drawn in his excavation notebooks; watercolour landscapes; engraved illustrations for his books; models sculpted from his surveys of archaeological sites. Through this visual production, Miln embodied successive and overlaying types of amateurism, from a gentleman dilettante to a grand amateur, closely resembling a specialist while being able to establish working conditions comparable to those of the (few) contemporary professionals.","PeriodicalId":54710,"journal":{"name":"Nuncius-Journal of the History of Science","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81154545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Enclosing the Open Fields 封闭开放的土地
IF 0.2 4区 哲学
Nuncius-Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2023-08-16 DOI: 10.1163/18253911-bja10065
Louisa-Dorothea Gehrke
{"title":"Enclosing the Open Fields","authors":"Louisa-Dorothea Gehrke","doi":"10.1163/18253911-bja10065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18253911-bja10065","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Early modern natural history was both characterized by naturalists collecting jointly on excursions and by the employment of paper technologies in the exchange of information and objects. Evaluating a sample of Matthias Ernst Boretius’s correspondence with Johann Philipp Breyne (Gotha research library) as well as Jacob Breyne’s 1659 herbarium as a gift to Hieronymus van Beverningh (Naturalis Biodiversity Center Leiden), this paper argues that naturalists made creative use of those technologies as substitutes for joint outings. It analyzes the specific characteristics of the letter and the herbarium as instruments for both distance interaction and self-presentation, considering the relationship between sender and addressee, and the aims the authors pursued with their respective media. As the herbarium has not been fully considered before this background yet, the paper contributes to its understanding as a means of naturalist communication.","PeriodicalId":54710,"journal":{"name":"Nuncius-Journal of the History of Science","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80502663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
From Postal Scale to Psychological Apparatus 从邮政刻度到心理仪器
IF 0.2 4区 哲学
Nuncius-Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2023-08-16 DOI: 10.1163/18253911-bja10066
Claudia Cristalli, R. Jackson
{"title":"From Postal Scale to Psychological Apparatus","authors":"Claudia Cristalli, R. Jackson","doi":"10.1163/18253911-bja10066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18253911-bja10066","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper describes our reconstruction of the apparatus used in C.S. Peirce and Joseph Jastrow’s 1885 psychophysical experiment, “On Small Differences of Sensation” and how it relates to persistent questions in scientific theories of measurement. We situate Peirce and Jastrow’s work in the broader context of nineteenth-century discussions about the status of psychology as a science and emphasize the role of measurement and experiment in determining that status. Through our re-enactment of the experiment, we analyze the experiment’s methodology, which features blinding, randomization, noise control, and a technology for data recording. Our claims are illustrated by images of historical and reconstructed apparatuses, as well as graphs of the data collected in our reproduction. Our findings exemplify the relevance of history of psychology for contemporary philosophy of science and theories of measurement, and defend experimental reconstructions as a particularly fertile method of inquiry in the history of psychophysical sciences.","PeriodicalId":54710,"journal":{"name":"Nuncius-Journal of the History of Science","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84473423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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