Ofioliti最新文献

{"title":"NEOGENE RADIOLARIAN BIOSTRATIGRAPHY FROM ODP LEG 119, SITE 745","authors":"G. Sharma","doi":"10.4454/OFIOLITI.V38I2.425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4454/OFIOLITI.V38I2.425","url":null,"abstract":"Abundant, generally well preserved radiolarians were used in a stratigraphic analysis of the Neogene sequence of ODP Leg 119, Site 745. Detailed biostratigraphic analysis has been undertaken of radiolarian assemblages of the Pliocene-Pleistocene sequence. Seventy-seven radiolarian taxa were identified including three reworked forms. Twenty-one stratigraphically important species are described and illustrated from this 99.55 m long core, and allow the recognition of four radiolarian zones, i.e., Phi, Chi, Psi and Omega (from oldest to youngest) and the Plio-Pleistocene boundary. These are then correlated with the earlier established zones and boundary in the Southern Ocean.","PeriodicalId":54690,"journal":{"name":"Ofioliti","volume":"38 1","pages":"175-203"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2013-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70969536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AGE AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF BASALT-CHERT ASSOCIATIONS IN THE OPHIOLITES OF THE IZMIR-ANKARA MÉLANGE EAST OF ANKARA, TURKEY: PRELIMINARY DATA","authors":"V. Bortolotti, M. Chiari, M. C. Göncüoğlu, M. Marcucci, G. Principi, U. K. Tekin, E. Saccani, R. Tassinari","doi":"10.4454/OFIOLITI.V38I2.424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4454/OFIOLITI.V38I2.424","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present the preliminary data on the age of the radiolarian cherts deposited on top of basalts belonging to the Eastern Ankara Melange (part of the Izmir-Ankara Melange). Petrological studies on the basalts were carried out in order to constrain the tectonic setting of the studied basalt-chert sequences. Nine sections were sampled East of Ankara and twenty seven samples were collected for biostratigraphic and geochemical analyses. The oldest radiolarian cherts dated in the present paper are referable to the Late Triassic (Section 6: late Norian) and are associated with basaltic rocks of OIB character. OIB type volcanic rocks are also found in other sections, associated with cherts of Late Jurassic (Section 3: middle-late Oxfordian to late Kimmeridgian-early Tithonian) and Early Cretaceous (Section 1: late Valanginian to late Hauterivian) ages. E-MORB type rocks are associated with radiolarian cherts of Cretaceous age (Section 4: middle late Barremian-early early Aptian and Section 7: Valanginian to middle Aptian-early Albian), whereas the oldest N-MORBs were found in a section of Late Jurassic age (Section 5: early-early late Tithonian). Other N-MORBs are associated with radiolarian cherts of Early Cretaceous age (Section 8: late Valanginian-early Barremian). P-MORBs type rocks were found only in a section of Middle Jurassic age (Section 2: early-middle Bajocian to late Bathonian-early Callovian age). In this work, we document the occurrence of Late Triassic OIB-type rocks and of rocks showing different geochemical affinities (N-, E-, P-MORBs and OIB) generated within the same time span (Middle-Late Jurassic - Early Cretaceous). N-MORBs are compatible with composition of melts generated by partial melting of a depleted MORB mantle source. In contrast, OIBs are compatible with partial melting of an enriched-type mantle source. E-MORBs may have derived from mantle source slightly enriched with respect to a DMM source, whereas P-MORBs are compatible with melts generated from a mantle source significantly enriched, compared to DMM.","PeriodicalId":54690,"journal":{"name":"Ofioliti","volume":"38 1","pages":"157-173"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2013-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70969530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asbestos in natural and anthropic ophiolitic environments: a case study of geohazards related to the Northern Apennine ophiolites (Eastern Liguria, Italy)","authors":"L. Gaggero, L. Crispini, E. Isola, P. Marescotti","doi":"10.4454/OFIOLITI.V38I1.414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4454/OFIOLITI.V38I1.414","url":null,"abstract":"Asbestos-related environmental issues include: i) the presence of natural outcrops of asbestos-bearing rocks, ii) the cycle of asbestos within natural matrix- es, and iii) the quantitative assessment of asbestos fibres within large volumes of rock. The characterisation of the origin of asbestos as an exogenous agent, or during anthropogenic activity and the subsequent dispersal of fibres in neighbouring areas, allows the definition of a “fibre-cycle”, which is overall parallel to the hydric cycle. Pilot studies using microstructural and mineralogical investigations to assess the distribution and approximate volumes of asbestos minerals and their potential contribution of airborne fibres were undertaken at six quarry sites within the very-low-grade metamorphic ophiolites of the Northern Apen- nines in eastern Liguria, Italy. These studies also incorporated the assessment of the abundance of fibres within heaps of sedimentary debris within the same quarries; this assessment focused on heaps that were formed during natural erosion in addition to those formed during mineral extraction. This study also tested a protocol that aimed to improve the Italian DM 16/5/1994 Release Index by addressing the issue of multi-scale analyses that are tai- lored for studies from outcrop scales to the microscale by integrating multiple techniques (optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, XR diffractome- try, µ-Raman, geomechanical analysis, and modal petrographic analyses).","PeriodicalId":54690,"journal":{"name":"Ofioliti","volume":"38 1","pages":"29-40"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2013-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70969140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INFLUENCE OF OPHIOLITIC ROCKS ON THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF CHROMIUM AND NICKEL IN STREAM SEDIMENTS OF THE CECINA RIVER BASIN (TUSCANY, ITALY)","authors":"V. Laterza, F. Franceschini","doi":"10.4454/OFIOLITI.V38I1.416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4454/OFIOLITI.V38I1.416","url":null,"abstract":"The concentrations of Cr and Ni and other heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) have been determined in stream sediments collected into the Cecina River basin (Tuscany, Italy) in order to evaluate Cr and Ni levels and their spatial distribution and origin. An aqua regia digestion coupled to ICP-MS analysis has been performed on the samples. The distribution of Cr and Ni concentration as a function of grain size was also investigated, comparing finer samples (< 63 µm) and coarse samples (< 2000 µm). In Possera Creek samples, a left tributary of the Cecina River, another sieve fraction (< 125 µm) was sampled. The high lev- els of Cr and Ni in the stream sediments often exceed the thresholds of the Italian law currently in force (Legislative Decree No. 152/2006). Multivariate data analysis techniques (Hierarchical Clustering Analysis, HCA) were used to obtain information about the potential sources of heavy metals. The results indicate an Cr and Ni enrichment in stream sediments due to the presence of some extensive outcrops of serpentinized ultramafic rocks (ophiolites). The enrichment is major in the < 2000 µm fraction compared to the < 63 µm fraction.","PeriodicalId":54690,"journal":{"name":"Ofioliti","volume":"38 1","pages":"59-73"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2013-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70969512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IMMOBILE TRACE ELEMENT SYSTEMATICS OF OCEANIC ISLAND BASALTS: THE ROLE OF OCEANIC LITHOSPHERE IN CREATING THE GEOCHEMICAL DIVERSITY","authors":"Kaan Sayıt","doi":"10.4454/OFIOLITI.V38I1.419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4454/OFIOLITI.V38I1.419","url":null,"abstract":"The Earth’s mantle is known to be heterogeneous at different scales, which has been generally linked to the presence of diverse mantle reservoirs, some of which are believed to have remained isolated for long periods of time. When oceanic island basalts (OIBs) are subdivided into five distinct end-member groups on the basis of Sr-Nd-Pb isotope systematics, which include DM, EM1, EM2, HIMU and C, trace element systematics do not appear to be effective discriminators as isotopes, though an end-member signature may become dominant relative to others within a specific ratio range. Melting of a lithologically heterogeneous source or melting of distinct sources, which is followed by melt mixing, appears to be an important mechanism in creating variable geochemi- cal signatures in OIB genesis. Ratio-based trace element modeling suggests that sole involvement of eclogitic components cannot explain the entire elemental variation observed in OIBs; a peridotitic component must have been involved in the genesis of all types of end-member signatures. Combined trace element and isotope systematics are consistent with the involvement of metasomatized oceanic lithosphere (crust + lithospheric mantle) with/without sediments. This mechanism, which involves slab components uprising within the plumes, may also have been the main reason causing the geochemical diversity in the Tethyan mantle.","PeriodicalId":54690,"journal":{"name":"Ofioliti","volume":"38 1","pages":"101-120"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2013-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70969201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SERPENTINITE-WATER INTERACTION AND CHROMIUM(VI) RELEASE IN SPRING WATERS: EXAMPLES FROM TUSCAN OPHIOLITES","authors":"A. Langone, I. Baneschi, C. Boschi, A. Dini, M. Guidi, A. Cavallo","doi":"10.4454/OFIOLITI.V38I1.415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4454/OFIOLITI.V38I1.415","url":null,"abstract":"Since 2006 the Regional Environmental Agency (ARPA) of Tuscany has found Cr(VI) concentration in groundwater above the maximum acceptable con- centration (5 ppb) according to the Italian regulation (D.M. 25 October 1999, n. 471). Recently, hydrogeological investigations (Grassi, 2009) confirmed high total Cr and Cr(VI) contents in soils and waters related to ultramafic rocks from coastal Tuscany. To study the release of Cr(VI) to water from geogenic sources we examined the spring waters, soils and bedrocks compositions within two serpentinized bodies of the coastal Tuscany, namely Santa Luce and Querceto. These selected sites are characterized by Cr(VI)-free and Cr(VI)-bearing spring waters, respec- tively. The prevalence of Mg-HCO3 waters at these sites indicates that waters are primarily interacting with serpentinites. Samples from Querceto are enriched in Mg suggesting the leaching of brucite. Soil profiles and bedrocks were analysed for major and trace elements by XRF to assess the fate of Cr during weather- ing. Detailed petrographic and chemical analyses of both soil and rock samples revealed that Cr is mainly hosted within chromites. Chemical data and alteration features indicate a metasomatism coeval to the oceanic serpentinization leading to a Mn-enrichment of the alteration products of primary spinel. The co-occur- rence of Mn-bearing and Fe-rich oxides with Cr-rich spinels creates a chemical system potentially able to promote the Cr(III) to Cr(VI) oxidation. However, the occurrence of Mn-rich minerals seems to be not correlated to the oxidation state of chromium in the spring waters. In fact, they are ubiquitous in both the study localities, while Cr(VI) has been detected only at Querceto. Unlike Santa Luce, serpentinites from Querceto contain a significant amount of Fe-rich brucite and show evidence for ongoing brucite dissolution coupled with precipitation of hydromagnesite crusts and veinlets. Formation of complex hydroxy-carbonate min- erals could be an alternative way for producing the proper environment for oxidative leaching of chromium from serpentinites to spring waters.","PeriodicalId":54690,"journal":{"name":"Ofioliti","volume":"38 1","pages":"41-57"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2013-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70969371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AIRBORNE DISPERSION OF ASBESTOS FIBERS FROM SERPENTINITES: A SIMULATION ON OPHIOLITES OF PIEVESCOLA AREA (TUSCANY, ITALY)","authors":"Edoardo Zaccagnini, M. Marroni","doi":"10.4454/OFIOLITI.V38I1.417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4454/OFIOLITI.V38I1.417","url":null,"abstract":"In Italy, the asbestos-related hazard is still high, mainly due to airborne dispersion of fibers as a consequence to quarrying activities into asbestos-bearing rocks, as serpentinites or basalts. The Ministerial Decree 14/05/1996 provides a method to define the hazard deriving from the exploitation of the asbestos- bearing rocks quarying, but the proposed procedures are unclear from a geologic point of view, and not so effective for a precise hazard assessment. In this paper, we present an integrated approach based on geological, mineralogical and petrographical standard investigations on serpentinites and we test a model of airborne dispersion of fibers in order to propose more effective procedures in order to assess the asbestos-related hazard. The adopted approach consists of 5 successive steps: 1) detailed structural mapping and collection of samples representative of the cropping out rocks, 2) petrographical study of selected thin sections of serpentinites with the aim to assess the presence of fibrous minerals, 3) X-Ray powder diffraction analyses for the identification of the species of fibrous minerals, 4) determination of the Index of Release according to the Ministerial Decree 14/05/1996 in order to deter- mine the amount of fibrous minerals released by crushing of the asbestos-bearing serpentinites and 5) modelling of the airborne dispersion of asbestos fibers by the quarrying activity based on the data collected in the previous steps. This approach has been simulated for an area located west of Pievescola, south of Casole d’Elsa (Southern Tuscany), where no quarrying activity occurs or is scheduled for the future. The implications of the adopted approach are also discussed in order to identify valuable procedures to minimize the asbestos-related hazard.","PeriodicalId":54690,"journal":{"name":"Ofioliti","volume":"38 1","pages":"75-87"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2013-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70969489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SERPENTINIZATION HISTORY IN MANTLE SECTION FROM A FOSSIL SLOW-SPREADING RIDGE SEQUENCE: EVIDENCES FROM POMAIA QUARRY (SOUTHERN TUSCANY, ITALY)","authors":"D. Donatio, M. Marroni, S. Rocchi","doi":"10.4454/OFIOLITI.V38I1.413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4454/OFIOLITI.V38I1.413","url":null,"abstract":"In the Pomaia quarry (Southern Tuscany, Italy) a mantle section consisting of peridotites belonging to the Internal Ligurian units is exposed. This mantle section, that is regarded as representative of the Jurassic oceanic lithosphere of the Ligure-Piemontese oceanic basin, provides the opportunity for a complete reconstruction of the serpentinization history of the peridotites by studying of the systems of serpentine-bearing veins. The tectono-magmatic history reconstructed for the peridotites includes the development of tectonitic textures followed by the intrusion of gabbro dykes and stocks. Subsequently, the gabbros as well as their boundaries with the peridotites are cut by high-T mylonitic shear zones, and then by thick cataclastic shear zones. The peridotites are cut by several systems of serpentine-bearing veins originated in the host rocks after the intrusion of gabbroic melts. All the structural, petrographic and mineralogical data, indicate that in the studied mantle a sequence of veins sequence developed. This sequence includes: 1) veins filled by lizardite with blocky texture 2) veins filled by chrysotile with both blocky and fibrous texture and 3) veins filled by antigorite. This paper provides for the first time the evidence that the serpentinization in the peridotites from the Internal Ligurian units is associated to a sequence of different events of veining. These events developed in response to a history dominated by alternance of tectonic-controlled and magmatic-controlled hydration of the peridotites in a slow-spreading ridge setting. According to this reconstruction, the Pomaia peridotites represents the core of a megamullion built-up dur- ing an oceanic extensional tectonic stage in in a slow-spreading ridge system.","PeriodicalId":54690,"journal":{"name":"Ofioliti","volume":"38 1","pages":"15-22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2013-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70969458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OPHIOLITE INHERITANCE IN THE PO PLAIN SEDIMENTS: INSIGHTS ON HEAVY METALS DISTRIBUTION AND RISK ASSESSMENT","authors":"G. Bianchini, D. Giuseppe, C. Natali, L. Beccaluva","doi":"10.4454/OFIOLITI.V38I1.412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4454/OFIOLITI.V38I1.412","url":null,"abstract":"High heavy metals backgrounds, in particular chromium and nickel, are renowned in soils and sediments of the Po Plain. New XRF data, synthetized in geo-referenced geochemical maps, emphasize that the anomalously high Cr-Ni backgrounds are related to the fine alluvial sediments of the Po River. A com- parison with the regolith composition of ophiolite rocks cropping out within the Po River basin suggests that the observed geochemical features reflect sedi- mentary components deriving from the weathering of femic and ultrafemic rocks. The elevated Cr-Ni backgrounds are therefore a geogenic character of the Po River alluvial sediments, unrelated to anthropogenic contamination. Electron microprobe investigation focused on femic minerals highlights that nickel is mainly sequestrated in serpentine (up to 0.4 wt%) whereas chromium is mainly hosted in chlorite (up to 2.5 wt%). Extraction tests, in which leachates have been analysed by ICP-MS, reveal that the mobility of chromium is limited; coherently the natural water of the area usually display concentration lower than the national drinking standards. Unfortunately, this element is considered toxic and dangerous even at extremely low concentration if oxidized in the hexava- lent form that is prevalent in supergene conditions, thus posing serious environmental concerns. Nickel, on the other hand, displays a higher mobility, possibly due to the metastable behaviour of serpentine. Coherently the Cr/Ni is always higher than one in the investigated sediments and soils, whereas is always lower than one in both the natural waters and agricultural products of the area. Therefore, the high nickel concentration represents further geochemical risk and the relative content has to be monitored in the local agricultural crops. For the same reasons, aquaculture activities such as mussels and clam farms developed in the lagoons widespread around the delta of Po River are also potentially exposed to nickel bio-accumulation and the related products have to be carefully monitored.","PeriodicalId":54690,"journal":{"name":"Ofioliti","volume":"38 1","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2013-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70968993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ORIGIN OF OLIVINE-RICH TROCTOLITES FROM THE OCEANIC LITHOSPHERE: A COMPARISON BETWEEN THE ALPINE JURASSIC OPHIOLITES AND MODERN SLOW SPREADING RIDGES","authors":"A. Sanfilippo, R. Tribuzio","doi":"10.4454/OFIOLITI.V38I1.418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4454/OFIOLITI.V38I1.418","url":null,"abstract":"Olivine-rich troctolite bodies occur within lower crust and mantle sections of the Jurassic oceanic lithosphere exposed along the Alpine-Apennine belt. These rocks bear structural and compositional resemblances to the olivine-rich troctolites from slow spreading ridges. The olivine-rich troctolites from the Alpine-Apennine belt contain olivines (Fo = 89-87 mol%) with rounded to embayed morphology and clinopyroxene oikocrysts with high Mg# (90-88). The clinopyroxene oikocrysts have higher Cr2O3  (1.6-1.3 wt%) and lower Ti/Yb than clinopyroxenes in equilibrium typical MORB-type melts. These chemical characteristics were most likely acquired by reaction between an olivine-rich matrix and migrating melts crystallizing clinopyroxene and plagioclase. The pla- gioclases from the olivine-rich troctolites of the Alpine-Apennine belt are commonly poorer in anorthite component (71-61 mol%) than the plagioclases from slow spreading ridge olivine-rich troctolites. The migrating melts involved in the formation of the olivine-rich troctolites from the Alpine-Apennine belt were most likely slightly enriched in Na2O with respect to the basalts normally produced at slow spreading ridges. We attribute this Na2O enrichment to a low de- gree of melting of asthenospheric sources. The olivine-rich troctolites from fossil and modern oceanic lithosphere probably formed at the mantle-crust transi- tion. The occurrence of olivine-rich troctolite bodies within gabbroic sequences is reconciled with a process of dissection and entrapment of the mantle-crust transition during the growth of the lower crust.","PeriodicalId":54690,"journal":{"name":"Ofioliti","volume":"38 1","pages":"89-99"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2013-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70969160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}