Permafrost and Periglacial Processes最新文献

{"title":"Advances in retrogressive thaw slump research in permafrost regions","authors":"Yuan Li, Youqian Liu, Ji Chen, Hai Dang, Shouhong Zhang, Qihang Mei, Jing-yi Zhao, Jinchang Wang, Tianchun Dong, Yaojun Zhao","doi":"10.1002/ppp.2218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2218","url":null,"abstract":"A retrogressive thaw slump (RTS) is a slope failure formed by slope thaw settlement and retrogressive slump following the thawing of ice‐rich permafrost or the melting of massive ice. Here, we review recent literature on RTSs, one of the main geomorphological landscapes developed in the process of permafrost degradation. The main topics are as follows: development and temporal evolution, mechanisms and processes, influencing factors, evaluation susceptibility and calculation, and assessment of engineering and environmental impacts. There has been a rapid increase in the number and distribution area of RTSs over permafrost in recent years. Climate warming events, extreme rainfall, forest fires, bank and coast erosion, and anthropogenic activity are the primary factors leading to RTSs in permafrost regions, disrupting the initial hydrothermal equilibrium of permafrost slopes. This causes a rise in ground temperature and the thaw of ice‐rich permafrost. Meltwater seeps down and collects on the ice surface, weakening freeze–thaw interface shear resistance and resulting in soil collapse. The development of RTSs may last several decades or longer. RTSs destabilize infrastructure, destroy vegetation, boost soil erosion and land desertification, alter the environment of nearby waters, and increase emissions of some major greenhouse gases. Numerous methods have been developed and adopted to explore RTSs, including geographic information systems (GIS) and equilibrium, numerical, and reliability analysis methods. However, research on formation mechanisms and processes, quantitative prediction, engineering and environmental influences, and mitigative measures of RTSs under a warming climate are still inadequate. Existing research methods, such as numerical simulations, remote sensing, airborne ground‐based geophysical surveys, investigations and mapping, and hydrothermal and deformation field monitoring, should be systematically integrated. Additionally, equipment for laboratory testing and numerical models for simulating RTSs may need to be timely introduced and better developed.","PeriodicalId":54629,"journal":{"name":"Permafrost and Periglacial Processes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140424409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The trajectory of contemporary cryoplanation literature: A bibliometric assessment","authors":"K. Nyland, Frederick E. Nelson, Devin Higgins","doi":"10.1002/ppp.2214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2214","url":null,"abstract":"The origin of cryoplanation landforms has long been a subject of controversy in the literature on periglacial geomorphology. Multiple hypotheses have been advanced over the past century, but by the early 1970s only two had survived: geological structure and climate‐driven nivation processes. To determine whether some publications may be playing a “gate‐keeping” role through selective citation, we conducted a co‐citation analysis of the cryoplanation literature for the 1971–2018 period preceding a resurgence of publications by the authors of the present paper. The results indicate that there has been no overt attempt to influence the trajectory of the cryoplanation literature. Although consensus now exists that cryoplanation landforms are erosional phenomena, the roles of structure and nivation and their relative importance are still contested. We suggest that terminological complexity and ambiguity can be reduced by treating “nivation” as a process term and “cryoplanation terrace” as a morphological descriptor.","PeriodicalId":54629,"journal":{"name":"Permafrost and Periglacial Processes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139686951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The geolocation of features on information surfaces and the use of the open and FAIR data principles in the mountain landscape domain and geoheritage","authors":"W. B. Whalley","doi":"10.1002/ppp.2217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2217","url":null,"abstract":"This note suggests that decimal latitude/longitude [dLL] locations should be used to identify features of interest, landforms, sample and investigations sites, in an ‘information landscape’ provided by the geomorphological literature. All the information associated with a labelled, or tagged, geolocation should be available for examination as part of information landscapes that can be explored and represented in books, papers and other publications. This note also outlines the ‘open’ and FAIR data that are findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable and how the principles can be used to better explain landscapes, especially in the mountain landscape domain. Tors and rock glaciers illustrate [dLL] geolocation to identify sites and inform fieldwork and literature searching. Any [dLL]‐specified location is an identifying label, as are names given to landforms and toponyms. Two letters (digraph) are used as landform labels: TO for tors and RG for rock glaciers. Citations, (author–date–title–source) attributions, are also labels. The note shows how these attributions can be linked to [dLL] geolocations specifying locations in time and space and in the literature. The addition of [dLL] will facilitate future literature searches and modelling to explore ‘unknowns’ in the landscape, and this paper suggests ways in which this can be achieved, including geoheritage and geotourism.","PeriodicalId":54629,"journal":{"name":"Permafrost and Periglacial Processes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139598790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Talus and its cooling effects on the thermal regime of permafrost: A review","authors":"Shengtao Lan, Bin Cao, Yan Hu, Ziyong Sun, Rui Ma, Xin Li","doi":"10.1002/ppp.2213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2213","url":null,"abstract":"Talus, as the product of movement and accumulation along the slope after the cracking of cliffs or steep rock walls, is a common landform in the mountain periglacial environment. Significant thermal anomalies within talus have been widely reported to be a result of cooling effects. During the cold season, the increased temperature difference between talus and the ambient environment strengthens the intensity of convection (vertical flows) and transforms into upward advection (lateral flows) and exhausts the internal warm current. During the warm season, heat is concentrated on the surface of the talus, and the internal dominant cold current moves downward along the slope by advection. The principle of the proactive cooling effects of talus has been widely utilized in railway construction within permafrost regions as embankments to alleviate degradation of the underlying permafrost. However, limited model studies have examined the cooling effects of blocky debris in nature, and in situ observations are rare. Therefore, it will be important to increase observations and develop process‐based models that couple heat conduction, convection/advection, water transfer processes, and even the latent heat of phase change. This will help to better understand the extent of the cooling effects and its impact on the thermal regime of permafrost.","PeriodicalId":54629,"journal":{"name":"Permafrost and Periglacial Processes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139004432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Main results of permafrost monitoring in the French Alps through the PermaFrance network over the period 2010–2022","authors":"F. Magnin, L. Ravanel, Xavier Bodin, P. Deline, Emmanuel Malet, Jean-Michel Krysiecki, P. Schoeneich","doi":"10.1002/ppp.2209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2209","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents data from the first years of permafrost monitoring in boreholes in the French Alps that started at the end of 2009 in the framework of the PermaFrance network. Nine boreholes are instrumented, among which six monitored permafrost temperature and active layer thickness (ALT) over >10 years. Ice‐poor and cold permafrost in high‐elevation north‐facing rock walls has warmed by up to >1°C at 10 m depth over the reference decade (2011–2020), whereas ice‐rich permafrost (rock glacier) temperatures remained stable. ALT has increased at four of the five boreholes for which decadal data are available. Summer 2015 marks a turning point in ALT regime and greatest ALT values were observed in 2022 (available for six boreholes), but thawing intensity did not show an obvious change. At one site with a layer of coarse blocks about 2 m thick, ALT was stable over 2018–2022 and response to the hottest years was dampened. Linear trends suggest an ALT increase of 2 m per decade for some ice‐poor rock walls, independently of their thermal state. The data reveal a variety of permafrost patterns and evolution with significant intraregional and local differences. Snow modulates the response to air temperature signal in various ways, with an important effect on near‐surface temperature trends and ALT: early snow melting in spring favors an ALT increase in rock walls. Maintaining these monitoring systems and understanding the physical processes controlling heterogeneous responses to climate signals is crucial to better assess permafrost dynamics and to adapt to its consequences.","PeriodicalId":54629,"journal":{"name":"Permafrost and Periglacial Processes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139251742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lithological controls on soil properties, Snow Island, Maritime Antarctica","authors":"D. V. Lopes, Fábio Soares de Oliveira, João Santiago Reis, Carlos Ernesto G. R. Schaefer","doi":"10.1002/ppp.2212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2212","url":null,"abstract":"Soil–parent material is a critical controlling factor of soil properties in the Antarctic region due to a limited degree of soil development. However, the degree to which soil–parent material can be considered the major controlling factor in pedogenesis and subsequent soil physical and chemical properties in Antarctica should be better understood to improve soil mapping and interpretations. The present study aims to analyze the soil properties of different lithological groups on the President Head Peninsula on Snow Island, Maritime Antarctica. Thirty soil profiles across the major lithological groupings on Snow Island (beach deposits, andesites, basalts/andesites, conglomerate, sandstones, siltstones, and mudstones) were described, and the morphological, physical, and chemical properties of samples from sampled genetic horizons were characterized. Beach deposits were most clearly differentiated from other lithological groups, whereas most other groups overlapped strongly in observed properties. Whereas some lithological groups (e.g., sedimentary rock groups) were characterized largely by immature soils with little degree of pedogenesis, other sampled soils exhibited more development. The soil–parent material relationships of Snow Island revealed a unique setting of a complex heterogeneous landscape and show that the area has a great pedological complexity induced by phosphatization, melanization, and cryoturbation processes that preclude placing primary importance on parent material and lithology as the major controlling factor in Antarctic soils.","PeriodicalId":54629,"journal":{"name":"Permafrost and Periglacial Processes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139255856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topographical effect of high embankments on resistivity investigation of the underlying permafrost table","authors":"Yanhui You, Xicai Pan, Wei Fu, Yun Wang, Qihao Yu, Lei Guo, Xinbin Wang","doi":"10.1002/ppp.2210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2210","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Investigation of resistivity has been effectively used in assessing the risks of embankmentation and failure. A two‐dimensional (2D) approximation of the surveyed object is commonly assumed for a survey line on the road surface. However, this approximation may not be met when resistivity investigations are conducted over a raised high embankment; under these conditions, regular inversions might yield erroneous results. This study explored the topographical effect of a high embankment on resistivity measurements by forward and inverse modeling of a 3D high embankment model. The results show that a 2D approximation of the survey lines on the road surface significantly increases the apparent resistivity within the depth of the raised embankment. Maximum relative errors reached 21% and 11% for the road shoulder and midline survey lines, respectively. The biased apparent resistivity resulted in an inverted resistivity that was higher than the true values, although resistivity contrasts can still identify interfaces between layers. A geometric factor was used to correct the biased apparent resistivity to eliminate the high embankment topographical effect. Inversion results of the corrected apparent resistivity agreed well with the forward model. The method was then verified by field application. The apparent resistivity of the field data collected on a high embankment in permafrost regions on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau was corrected before inversion. The permafrost table derived from the inverted resistivity was verified based on borehole temperatures. These findings indicate that the topographical influence of high embankments on resistivity measurements needs to be considered. Correction of the apparent resistivity is indispensable for quantitative interpretation of the inverted resistivity.","PeriodicalId":54629,"journal":{"name":"Permafrost and Periglacial Processes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135218380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Best practices for using electrical resistivity tomography to investigate permafrost","authors":"Teddi Herring, Antoni G. Lewkowicz, Christian Hauck, Christin Hilbich, Coline Mollaret, Greg A. Oldenborger, Sebastian Uhlemann, Mohammad Farzamian, Fabrice Calmels, Riccardo Scandroglio","doi":"10.1002/ppp.2207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2207","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is a minimally invasive geophysical method that produces a model of subsurface resistivity from a large number of electrical resistance measurements. Strong resistivity contrasts usually exist between frozen and unfrozen earth materials, making ERT an effective and increasingly utilized tool in permafrost research. In this paper, we review more than 300 scientific publications dating from 2000 to 2022 to identify the capabilities and limitations of ERT for permafrost applications. The annual publication rate has increased by a factor of 10 over this period, but several unique challenges remain, and best practices for acquiring, processing, and interpreting ERT data in permafrost environments have not been clearly established. In this paper, we make recommendations for ERT surveys of permafrost and highlight recent advances in the field, with the objective of maximizing the utility of existing and future surveys.","PeriodicalId":54629,"journal":{"name":"Permafrost and Periglacial Processes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135763048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The summer heatwave in 2022 and its role in changing permafrost and periglacial conditions at a historic mountain pass in the Eastern Alps (Hochtor, Hohe Tauern Range, Austria).","authors":"Andreas Kellerer-Pirklbauer, Julia Eulenstein","doi":"10.1002/ppp.2205","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ppp.2205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Air temperatures in Europe in 2022 had been the highest on record for the meteorological summer season [June, July and August (JJA)], with +1.3°C above the 1991-2020 average. We studied the effects of recent warming on permafrost and periglacial conditions at a historical mountain pass in the Eastern Alps (Hochtor, 2,576 m asl, 47.08°N, 12.84°E). We used ground temperature data (2010-2022), repeated electrical resistivity tomography measurements (2019, 2022) and auxiliary data dating back to Roman times. We quantified permafrost conditions, evaluated frost-related weathering and slope processes and assessed the impact of atmospheric warming on it. Results show that summer ground surface temperatures increased by 2.5°C between 1891-1920 and 1991-2020, whereas frost-related weathering and periglacial processes decreased. The summers of 2003, 2015, 2019 and 2022 were the four warmest ones in 1887-2022. Hochtor changed in 2010-2022 from an active permafrost site to an inactive one with supra-permafrost talik. A general three-layer structure was quantified for all three ERT profiles measured. The middle, 5-10 m thick layer is ice-poor permafrost detected in 2019, whose existence, although smaller, was confirmed in 2022. Resistivity decreased at the three profiles by 3.9% to 5.2% per year, suggesting permafrost degradation. We interpret the resistivity changes between the summers of 2019 and 2022 as a long-term signal of permafrost degradation and not as the single effect of the summer heatwave in 2022. As our data show how rapidly permafrost degrades and as we face an even warmer climate for the remaining part of the 21st century, we expect that near-surface permafrost at the Hochtor site will soon be history.</p>","PeriodicalId":54629,"journal":{"name":"Permafrost and Periglacial Processes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10946519/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41255224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disparate permafrost terrain changes after a large flood observed from space","authors":"Simon Zwieback, Mark McClernan, Mikhail Kanevskiy, Mark T. Jorgenson, Donald A. Walker, Qianyu Chang, Helena Bergstedt, Horacio Toniolo, Vladimir E. Romanovsky, Franz J. Meyer","doi":"10.1002/ppp.2208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2208","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The 2015 spring flood of the Sagavanirktok River inundated large swaths of tundra as well as infrastructure near Prudhoe Bay, Alaska. Its lasting impact on permafrost, vegetation, and hydrology is unknown but compels attention in light of changing Arctic flood regimes. We combined InSAR and optical satellite observations to quantify subdecadal permafrost terrain changes and identify their controls. While the flood locally induced quasi‐instantaneous ice‐wedge melt, much larger areas were characterized by subtle, spatially variable post‐flood changes. Surface deformation from 2015 to 2019 estimated from ALOS‐2 and Sentinel‐1 InSAR varied substantially within and across terrain units, with greater subsidence on average in flooded locations. Subsidence exceeding 5 cm was locally observed in inundated ice‐rich units and also in inactive floodplains. Overall, subsidence increased with deposit age and thus ground ice content, but many flooded ice‐rich units remained stable, indicating variable drivers of deformation. On average, subsiding ice‐rich locations showed increases in observed greenness and wetness. Conversely, many ice‐poor floodplains greened without deforming. Ice wedge degradation in flooded locations with elevated subsidence was mostly of limited intensity, and the observed subsidence largely stopped within 2 years. Based on remote sensing and limited field observations, we propose that the disparate subdecadal changes were influenced by spatially variable drivers (e.g., sediment deposition, organic layer), controls (ground ice and its degree of protection), and feedback processes. Remote sensing helps quantify the heterogeneous interactions between permafrost, vegetation, and hydrology across permafrost‐affected fluvial landscapes. Interdisciplinary monitoring is needed to improve predictions of landscape dynamics and to constrain sediment, nutrient, and carbon budgets.","PeriodicalId":54629,"journal":{"name":"Permafrost and Periglacial Processes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135579980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}