Prion最新文献

{"title":"Correction.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/19336896.2020.1804218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19336896.2020.1804218","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54585,"journal":{"name":"Prion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19336896.2020.1804218","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38277655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the role of the cellular prion protein in the uptake and signaling of pathological aggregates in neurodegenerative diseases.","authors":"Giuseppe Legname,&nbsp;Carlo Scialò","doi":"10.1080/19336896.2020.1854034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19336896.2020.1854034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurodegenerative disorders are associated with intra- or extra-cellular deposition of aggregates of misfolded insoluble proteins. These deposits composed of tau, amyloid-β or α-synuclein spread from cell to cell, in a prion-like manner. Novel evidence suggests that the circulating soluble oligomeric species of these misfolded proteins could play a major role in pathology, while insoluble aggregates would represent their protective less toxic counterparts. Recent convincing data support the proposition that the cellular prion protein, PrP^C, act as a toxicity-inducing receptor for amyloid-β oligomers. As a consequence, several studies focused their investigations to the role played by PrP^C in binding other protein aggregates, such as tau and α-synuclein, for its possible common role in mediating toxic signalling. The biological relevance of PrP^C as key ligand and potential mediator of toxicity for multiple proteinaceous aggregated species, prions or PrP^Sc included, could lead to relevant therapeutic implications. Here we describe the structure of PrP^C and the proposed interplay with its pathological counterpart PrP^Sc and then we recapitulate the most recent findings regarding the role of PrP^C in the interaction with aggregated forms of other neurodegeneration-associated proteins.</p>","PeriodicalId":54585,"journal":{"name":"Prion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19336896.2020.1854034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38732831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic wasting disease associated with prion protein gene (<i>PRNP</i>) variation in Norwegian wild reindeer (<i>Rangifer tarandus</i>).","authors":"Mariella E Güere,&nbsp;Jørn Våge,&nbsp;Helene Tharaldsen,&nbsp;Sylvie L Benestad,&nbsp;Turid Vikøren,&nbsp;Knut Madslien,&nbsp;Petter Hopp,&nbsp;Christer M Rolandsen,&nbsp;Knut H Røed,&nbsp;Michael A Tranulis","doi":"10.1080/19336896.2019.1702446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19336896.2019.1702446","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The emergence of CWD in Europe in 2016 and the first natural infection in wild reindeer warranted disease management. This led to the testing of 2424 hunted or culled reindeer during 2016-2018, from the infected subpopulation in the Nordfjella mountain range in Southern Norway. To identify any association between <i>PRNP</i> variation and CWD susceptibility, we characterized the open reading frame of the <i>PRNP</i> gene in 19 CWD positive reindeer and in 101 age category- and sex-matched CWD negative controls. Seven variant positions were identified: 6 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and a 24 base pair (bp) deletion located between nucleotide position 238 and 272, encoding four instead of five octapeptide repeats. With a single exception, all variant positions but one were predicted to be non-synonymous. The synonymous SNV and the deletion are novel in reindeer. Various combinations of the non-synonymous variant positions resulted in the identification of five <i>PRNP</i> alleles (A-E) that structured into 14 genotypes. We identified an increased CWD risk in reindeer carrying two copies of the most common allele, A, coding for serine in position 225 (Ser225) and in those carrying allele A together with the 24 bp deletion.</p>","PeriodicalId":54585,"journal":{"name":"Prion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19336896.2019.1702446","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37470382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinicopathological findings of a long-term survivor of V180I genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.","authors":"Yuichi Hayashi,&nbsp;Yasushi Iwasaki,&nbsp;Masahiro Waza,&nbsp;Shinei Kato,&nbsp;Akio Akagi,&nbsp;Akio Kimura,&nbsp;Takashi Inuzuka,&nbsp;Katsuya Satoh,&nbsp;Tetsuyuki Kitamoto,&nbsp;Mari Yoshida,&nbsp;Takayoshi Shimohata","doi":"10.1080/19336896.2020.1739603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19336896.2020.1739603","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The clinical characteristics of genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (gCJD) with a V180I mutation in the <i>PRNP</i> gene (V180I gCJD) are unique: elderly-onset, gradual progression, sporadic fashion, and cortical oedematous hyper-intensity on diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI). This phenotype may become a potential target of future clinical therapeutic trials. The average disease duration of V180I gCJD patients is 23-27 months; however, considerably long-term survivors are also reported. The factors influencing survival and the clinicopathological characteristics of long-term survivors remain unknown. Herein, we report clinicopathological findings of a long-term survivor of V180I gCJD. A 78-year old woman was admitted to our hospital due to dementia and left hand tremor approximately 1.5 months after symptom onset. Neurological examination revealed dementia, frontal signs, and left hand tremor at admission. She had no family history of dementia or other neurological disease. DW-MRI revealed cortical oedematous hyper-intensities in the bilateral frontal lobes and the right temporal and parietal lobes. <i>PRNP</i> gene analysis indicated a V180I mutation with methionine homozygosity at codon 129. The symptoms gradually progressed, and she died of aspiration pneumonia 61 months after symptom onset. Neuropathological examination revealed severe cerebral atrophy with moderate to severe gliosis, but the brainstem was well preserved. Various-sized and non-confluent vacuole type spongiform changes were extensively observed in the cerebral cortices. Prion protein (PrP) immunostaining revealed weak and synaptic-type PrP deposits in the cerebral cortices. We consider that long-term tube feeding, and very mild brainstem involvement may be associated with the long-term survival of our V180I gCJD patient.</p>","PeriodicalId":54585,"journal":{"name":"Prion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19336896.2020.1739603","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37742798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Involvement of N- and C-terminal region of recombinant cervid prion protein in its reactivity to CWD and atypical BSE prions in real-time quaking-induced conversion reaction in the presence of high concentrations of tissue homogenates.","authors":"Akio Suzuki, Kazuhei Sawada, Takeshi Yamasaki, Nathaniel D Denkers, Candace K Mathiason, Edward A Hoover, Motohiro Horiuchi","doi":"10.1080/19336896.2020.1858694","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19336896.2020.1858694","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) reaction is a sensitive and specific method for detecting prions. However, inhibitory factors present in tissue homogenates can easily interfere with this reaction. To identify the RT-QuIC condition under which low levels of chronic wasting disease (CWD) and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) prions can be detected in the presence of high concentrations of brain tissue homogenates, reactivities of various recombinant prion proteins (rPrPs) were tested. Among the tested rPrPs, recombinant cervid PrP (rCerPrP) showed a unique reactivity: the reactivity of rCerPrP to CWD and atypical BSE prions was not highly affected by high concentrations of normal brain homogenates. The unique reactivity of rCerPrP disappeared when the N-terminal region (aa 25-93) was truncated. Replacement of aa 23-149 of mouse (Mo) PrP with the corresponding region of CerPrP partially restored the unique reactivity of rCerPrP in RT-QuIC. Replacement of the extreme C-terminal region of MoPrP aa 219-231 to the corresponding region of CerPrP partially conferred the unique reactivity of rCerPrP to rMoPrP, suggesting the involvement of both N- and C-terminal regions. Additionally, rCer^N-Mo-Cer^CPrP, a chimeric PrP comprising CerPrP aa 25-153, MoPrP aa 150-218, and CerPrP aa 223-233, showed an additive effect of the N- and C-terminal regions. These results provide a mechanistic implication for detecting CWD and atypical BSE prions using rCerPrP and are useful for further improvements of RT-QuIC.</p>","PeriodicalId":54585,"journal":{"name":"Prion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7757825/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38732436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Different post-mortem brain regions from three Chinese FFI patients induce different reactive profiles both in the first and second generation RT-QuIC assays.","authors":"Kang Xiao, Qi Shi, Wei Zhou, Xiao-Ping Dong","doi":"10.1080/19336896.2020.1782809","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19336896.2020.1782809","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fatal Familial Insomnia (FFI) is one of the most popular genetic prion disease (gPrD) in China. Unlike the other types of human prion diseases, FFI patients show distinctive neuropathological characteristics, such as less deposition of PrP^Sc, low tissue infectivity and severe neuron losses in some special brain regions. Compared with other gPrDs, the positive reactions of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) RT-QuIC of FFI patients were markedly low. However, the reactivities of RT-QuIC of the brain tissues, particularly different brain regions, of FFI cases are rarely described. In this study, three different brain regions from three FFI patients were subjected into two kinds of RT-QuIC assays using recombinant hamster PrP23-231 (rHaPrP23-231) and PrP90-231 (rHaPrP90-231) as the substrates, respectively. The results showed that the general RT-QuIC reactivities of the brains from FFI cases were significantly lower than that of sCJD. Analyses of the positive rates and the reactivities (lag time and rfu peak) of RT-QuIC identified that the homogenates of frontal lobe induced the most active reaction, followed by thalamus and callosum. The RT-QuIC reactivity in the tested brain sample was closely associated with the intensity of PK-resistant PrP^Sc. Moreover, we also verified that the sensitivity of the RT-QuIC of rHaPrP90-231 was much higher than that of rHaPrP23-231. Those data confirm that brain tissues of FFI patients are able to convert positive reactions in RT-QuIC and show regional-associated positive converting capacities.</p>","PeriodicalId":54585,"journal":{"name":"Prion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7518747/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38079524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-validation of the RT-QuIC assay for the antemortem detection of chronic wasting disease in elk.","authors":"N J Haley,&nbsp;R Donner,&nbsp;D M Henderson,&nbsp;J Tennant,&nbsp;E A Hoover,&nbsp;M Manca,&nbsp;B Caughey,&nbsp;N Kondru,&nbsp;S Manne,&nbsp;A Kanthasamay,&nbsp;S Hannaoui,&nbsp;S C Chang,&nbsp;S Gilch,&nbsp;S Smiley,&nbsp;G Mitchell,&nbsp;A D Lehmkuhl,&nbsp;B V Thomsen","doi":"10.1080/19336896.2020.1716657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19336896.2020.1716657","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic wasting disease is a progressively fatal, horizontally transmissible prion disease affecting several members of the cervid species. Conventional diagnosis relies on ELISA or IHC evaluation using tissues collected post-mortem; however, recent research has focused on newly developed amplification techniques using samples collected antemortem. The present study sought to cross-validate the real-time quaking-induced conversion assay (RT-QuIC) evaluation of rectal biopsies collected from an elk herd with endemic CWD, assessing both binary positive/negative test results as well as relative rates of amplification between laboratories. We found that results were correlative in both categories across all laboratories performing RT-QuIC, as well as to conventional IHC performed at a national reference laboratory. A significantly higher number of positive samples were identified using RT-QuIC, with results seemingly unhindered by low follicle counts. These findings support the continued development and implementation of amplification assays in the diagnosis of prion diseases of veterinary importance, targeting not just antemortem sampling strategies, but post-mortem testing approaches as well.</p>","PeriodicalId":54585,"journal":{"name":"Prion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19336896.2020.1716657","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10764520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"25 years of yeast prions.","authors":"Frank Shewmaker,&nbsp;Dan Masison","doi":"10.1080/19336896.2019.1710420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19336896.2019.1710420","url":null,"abstract":"In the early 1990s, Reed Wickner developed a novel hypothesis. For decades it was known that two phenotypes of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae followed non-Mendelian patterns of inheritance [1,2]. These phenotypes were designated [PSI+] and [URE3]. When yeast strains were mated, if either parental strain had one of these phenotypes, all daughter spore clones would inherit the phenotype, although only half would be expected to if the phenotypes were governed by a nuclear gene. Instead, the genetic element resided in the cytoplasm as if it were one of the many yeast viruses. However, unlike yeast viruses, no nucleic acid could be identified. To explain these observations, Reed postulated that the genetic element was composed of protein, not nucleic acid. In 1994, Reed solo-authored an article in Science titled, ‘[URE3] as an altered URE2 protein: evidence for a prion analog in Saccharomyces cerevisiae’, where he described how the puzzling [URE3] and [PSI+] phenotypes could be explained simply as selfpropagating misshapen forms of the Ure2 and Sup35 proteins, respectively [3]. His experiments elegantly demonstrated that the Ure2 protein was itself the critical factor for the formation and propagation of the [URE3] prion, and he proposed that it was a yeast analog of mammalian prions. Noting the logical parallels with [PSI+] and the Sup35 protein, he extended his hypothesis to include [PSI+] as a prion analog of the Sup35 protein, opening the door for discovery of other prions in yeast. At that time, the prion concept – suggesting a form of the protein PrP was the infectious entity responsible for prion disease – was controversial and applied solely to the infectious species that caused transmissible spongiform encephalopathies of mammals (e.g. scrapie, Kuru and Mad Cow disease). Little else was known of PrP extracted from infectious brain aside from it being fibrous aggregates enriched in beta-sheet structure. Whether PrP was a prion component, the prion component, or merely a propagation factor for another pathological agent, was arguable. The question of whether prions existed in nature as defined (i.e. infectious proteins) remained unresolved. The enormous impact of Reed’s short paper is made obvious by the suddenly renewed and widespread interest in non-Mendelian genetic elements and the dramatic evolution of the scientific community’s view of prions in the 25 years since its publication. The broad acceptance of prion mechanisms is largely based on work and ideas pioneered by Reed and colleagues in the yeast model system. These studies provided the first confirmation of protein-only infectious elements and identified a common structural model that enabled a mechanism of protein infectivity: self-propagating amyloid with parallel in-register beta-sheet architecture [4]. This conceptual framework established how prion, or prion-like, mechanisms could be involved in human diseases, especially neurodegenerative disorders that commonly feature pat","PeriodicalId":54585,"journal":{"name":"Prion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19336896.2019.1710420","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37516567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting the spread-risk potential of chronic wasting disease to sympatric ungulate species.","authors":"Catherine I Cullingham, Rhiannon M Peery, Anh Dao, Debbie I McKenzie, David W Coltman","doi":"10.1080/19336896.2020.1720486","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19336896.2020.1720486","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wildlife disease incidence is increasing, resulting in negative impacts on the economy, biodiversity, and potentially human health. Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal, transmissible spongiform encephalopathy of cervids (wild and captive) which continues to spread geographically resulting in exposure to potential new host species. The disease agent (PrP^CWD) is a misfolded conformer of the cellular prion protein (PrP^C). In Canada, the disease is endemic in Alberta and Saskatchewan, affecting mule and white-tail deer, with lesser impact on elk and moose. As the disease continues to expand, additional wild ungulate species including bison, bighorn sheep, mountain goat, and pronghorn antelope may be exposed. To better understand the species-barrier, we reviewed the current literature on taxa naturally or experimentally exposed to CWD to identify susceptible and resistant species. We created a phylogeny of these taxa using cytochrome B and found that CWD susceptibility followed the species phylogeny. Using this phylogeny we estimated the probability of CWD susceptibility for wild ungulate species. We then compared PrP^C amino acid polymorphisms among these species to identify which sites segregated between susceptible and resistant species. We identified sites that were significantly associated with susceptibility, but they were not fully discriminating. Finally, we sequenced Prnp from 578 wild ungulates to further evaluate their potential susceptibility. Together, these data suggest the host-range for CWD will potentially include pronghorn, mountain goat and bighorn sheep, but bison are likely to be more resistant. These findings highlight the need for monitoring potentially susceptible species as CWD continues to expand.</p>","PeriodicalId":54585,"journal":{"name":"Prion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7009333/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37601417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RT-QuIC-based detection of alpha-synuclein seeding activity in brains of dementia with Lewy Body patients and of a transgenic mouse model of synucleinopathy.","authors":"Jung-Youn Han,&nbsp;Hyung-Sup Jang,&nbsp;Alison J E Green,&nbsp;Young Pyo Choi","doi":"10.1080/19336896.2020.1724608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19336896.2020.1724608","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>RT-QuIC is a shaking-based cyclic amplification technique originally developed in the prion field to detect minute amounts of scrapie prion protein (PrP^Sc). In this study, we applied the RT-QuIC assay to investigate a-synuclein (a-syn) seeding activity in brains of Dementia with Lewy Body (DLB) patients and in brains of G2-3 transgenic mice expressing human a-syn with A53T mutation. The results show that a-syn seeding activity varies between patients with detectable dilutions ranging from 10^-3 to 10^-8 dilutions of brain tissue and is stable under exposures to the cycles of freezing, thawing and sonication. A53T a-syn aggregates from G2-3 transgenic mice greatly favoured A53T recombinant human a-syn as substrates in comparison to wild-type a-syn, suggesting that conformations for wild-type a-syn to be able to adopt are not compatible with that of A53T aggregates from G2-3.</p>","PeriodicalId":54585,"journal":{"name":"Prion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19336896.2020.1724608","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37628646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}