{"title":"Lock-in thermography for analyzing solar cells and failure analysis in other electronic components","authors":"O. Breitenstein, Steffen Sturm","doi":"10.1080/17686733.2018.1563349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17686733.2018.1563349","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Lock-in thermography (LIT) is a dynamic variant of infrared thermography, where local heat sources are periodically pulsed and amplitude and phase images of the surface temperature modulation are obtained. If used in electronic device testing, this method enables the localization of very weak local heat sources below the surface. This contribution reviews the basics and application of LIT for local efficiency analysis of solar cells and for failure analysis in other electronic components like bare and encapsulated integrated circuits. In both application fields LIT has established as a reliable and easy-to-use standard method for failure analysis.","PeriodicalId":54525,"journal":{"name":"Quantitative Infrared Thermography Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":"203 - 217"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2019-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17686733.2018.1563349","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44650087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Applicability analysis of IR thermography and discrete wavelet transform for technical conditions assessment of bridge elements","authors":"L. Różański, K. Ziopaja","doi":"10.1080/17686733.2018.1480307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17686733.2018.1480307","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Standard procedures for carrying out the inspection of the bridge or the assessment of its technical condition and suitability for use, rely on visual assessment made by the inspector and are in a certain part subjective. The main objective of the article is to analyze the applicability of IR as a tool to support the inspections of the structure and equipment elements of bridges. We are looking for the relationship between temperature distribution on an element surface (registered by an infrared camera) and hidden defects, which may be associated with, among others, moisture, discontinuity or delaminations in concrete structures. The study was divided into three parts: numerically simulated experiments of transient heat transfer, laboratory tests of reinforced concrete (RC) slab and some in-situ tests of a real bridge. To improve the effectiveness of damage detection, discrete two-dimensional wavelet transformation was applied.","PeriodicalId":54525,"journal":{"name":"Quantitative Infrared Thermography Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":"110 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17686733.2018.1480307","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45752883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Method of classification of global machine conditions based on spectral features of infrared images and classifiers fusion","authors":"M. Fidali, W. Jamrozik","doi":"10.1080/17686733.2018.1557453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17686733.2018.1557453","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper describes an original method of global machine condition assessment for infrared condition monitoring and diagnostics systems. This method integrates two approaches: the first is processing and analysis of infrared images in the frequency domain by the use of 2D Fourier transform and a set of F-image features, the second uses fusion of classification results obtained independently for F-image features. To find the best condition assessment solution, the two different types of classifiers, k-nearest neighbours and support vector machine, as well as data fusion method based on Dezert–Smarandache theory have been investigated. This method has been verified using infrared images recorded during experiments performed on the laboratory model of rotating machinery. The results obtained during the research confirm that the method could be successfully used for the identification of operational conditions that are difficult to be recognised.","PeriodicalId":54525,"journal":{"name":"Quantitative Infrared Thermography Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":"129 - 145"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17686733.2018.1557453","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44383789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Material classification with laser thermography and machine learning","authors":"Tamás Aujeszky, Georgios Korres, M. Eid","doi":"10.1080/17686733.2018.1539895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17686733.2018.1539895","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Robotic devices that can perform teleoperation work in complex and unstructured environments (e.g. healthcare, education, automotive, telepresence, defence, etc.) rely mainly on visual and/or auditory feedback to interact with a remote operator. There is a vital need for measuring the physical properties of ambient environments when performing precise manipulation tasks over a distance, to improve the quality of performance. In this paper, we propose an approach to combine infrared thermography with machine learning for a fast, accurate way to classify objects of different material. A laser source stimulates the surface of the object while an infrared camera captures its thermal signature, extracts features about these signatures and feeds them into a machine learning-based algorithm for classification. Results demonstrated that a classification accuracy of around 97% can be achieved with majority vote Decision Tree classifier, even in the presence of data from multiple data acquisition sessions.","PeriodicalId":54525,"journal":{"name":"Quantitative Infrared Thermography Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":"181 - 202"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2018-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17686733.2018.1539895","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47848591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Yousefi, C. Castanedo, Émilie Bédard, G. Beaudoin, X. Maldague
{"title":"Mineral identification in LWIR hyperspectral imagery applying sparse-based clustering","authors":"B. Yousefi, C. Castanedo, Émilie Bédard, G. Beaudoin, X. Maldague","doi":"10.1080/17686733.2018.1550902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17686733.2018.1550902","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT An assessment of mineral identification applying hyperspectral infrared imagery in laboratory conditions is presented here and strives to identify nine different minerals (biotite, diopside, epidote, goethite, kyanite, scheelite, smithsonite, tourmaline, quartz). A hyperspectral camera in Long-Wave Infrared (LWIR, 7.7–11.8 m) with a LW-macro lens, an infragold plate, and a heating source are instruments used in the experiment. For automated identification, a Sparse Principal Component Analysis (Sparse PCA)-based K-means clustering is employed to categorise all pixel-spectra in different groups. Then the best representatives of each cluster (using spectral averaging) are chosen to compare these spectra to ASTER spectral library of JPL/NASA through spectral comparison techniques. Spectral angle mapper (SAM) and Normalized Cross Correlation (NCC) are two of such techniques, which are used herein to measure the spectral difference. In order to evaluate robustness of clustering results among the minerals spectra, we have added three levels of Gaussian and salt&pepper noise, , and , to input spectra which dropped the accuracy percentage from more than 84.73, for 0 added noise, to 44.57, for 2 average of both additive noise, and 22.21, for 4 additive noise. The results conclusively indicate a promising performance but noise sensitive behaviour of the proposed approach.","PeriodicalId":54525,"journal":{"name":"Quantitative Infrared Thermography Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":"147 - 162"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2018-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17686733.2018.1550902","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47597470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dongho Kim, Ho Yeol Zhang, Jee H. Yoo, Yoon Soon Park, Hyeon Jin Song, Kyung Hwa Yang
{"title":"The correlation between tympanic membrane temperature and specific region of face temperature","authors":"Dongho Kim, Ho Yeol Zhang, Jee H. Yoo, Yoon Soon Park, Hyeon Jin Song, Kyung Hwa Yang","doi":"10.1080/17686733.2018.1497877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17686733.2018.1497877","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Facial temperature measurements using infrared thermography (IRT) will be allowed screening travellers with high fever quickly and safely at airports or national borders if we have the formula for calculating tympanic temperature or reference standard temperature tables. This study was conducted to investigate whether the recommended position in the ISO guidelines for facial themograms measured by IRT best reflects tympanic temperature or whether other specific areas are better represented. Data were collected from NHIS Ilsan Hospital from August 2016 to December 2016. A total of 508 subjects were included in this study. The six regions of interest (ROI) of eye (medial canthus, cornea, sclera between medial canthus and cornea both side) and one ROI of inter-brow of face were defined, (as shown in figure 1) where the temperatures were measured. These values were compared with the eardrum temperature. The results showed that the tympanic membrane temperature and medial canthus were the most similar. And a model to predict tympanic temperature through statistical bias correction can be developed.","PeriodicalId":54525,"journal":{"name":"Quantitative Infrared Thermography Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":"1 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2018-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17686733.2018.1497877","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41824112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental study of an effect of plastic deformation on thermal properties of stainless steel","authors":"M. Zhelnin, A. Iziumova, A. Vshivkov, O. Plekhov","doi":"10.1080/17686733.2018.1514712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17686733.2018.1514712","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The work is devoted to an experimental investigation of an effect of plastic deformation on the thermal diffusivity, the thermal conductivity and the specific heat capacity of AISI 304 stainless steel. To identify the thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity during mechanical tests the transient technique based on infrared thermography has been used. The important part of the proposed technique is the data processing algorithm that allows us to perform an identification of the characteristics by fitting an analytical solution to the temperature measurements. The solution has been obtained from the heat transfer model approximating real experimental conditions. A verification of the proposed model is conducted by the numerical simulation. As a result of the study, it has been established that the thermal characteristics of the material variate linearly under an increase of the plastic deformation.","PeriodicalId":54525,"journal":{"name":"Quantitative Infrared Thermography Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":"74 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2018-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17686733.2018.1514712","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46717100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Management of local multi-sensors applied to SHM and long-term infrared monitoring: Cloud2IR implementation","authors":"A. Crinière, J. Dumoulin, L. Mevel","doi":"10.1080/17686733.2018.1519752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17686733.2018.1519752","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Cloud2IR is an autonomous software architecture, allowing multi-sensor connection, dedicated to the long-term thermal monitoring of infrastructures. It has benefited of past experimental knowledge acquired in various research projects to redefine a lighter architecture using generic standards, more appropriated to autonomous operations in the field, and that can be later included in a wide distributed architecture. The system has been developed in order to cut down software integration time facilitating the system adaptation to each experiment specificities. After a detailed presentation of data standards, our bi-headed architecture is presented. First, a generic unit, a data management side able to aggregate any sensor data, type or size, automatically encapsulating them in various generic data format such as hierarchical data format or cloud data such as opengis standard. This whole part is also in charge of the acquisition scenario, the local storage management and the network management. Second, a specialised unit where the sensor specific development fitted to experimental requirements are addressed. The system has been deployed on two test sites for more than one year. It aggregates various sensor data issued from infrared thermal cameras, GPS units, pyranometers, weather stations, etc. The software and some results in outdoor conditions are discussed.","PeriodicalId":54525,"journal":{"name":"Quantitative Infrared Thermography Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":"55 - 73"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2018-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17686733.2018.1519752","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43656632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Rajic, David McSwiggen, M. Mcdonald, Don Whiteley
{"title":"In situ thermoelastic stress analysis – an improved approach to airframe structural model validation","authors":"N. Rajic, David McSwiggen, M. Mcdonald, Don Whiteley","doi":"10.1080/17686733.2018.1497898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17686733.2018.1497898","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The recent adaptation of uncooled infrared imaging technology to thermoelastic stress analysis (TSA) offers an opportunity to improve the validation basis for structural finite element modelling of complex airframe components. Uncertainties in modelling can lead to inaccurate airframe lifing predictions and premature test failures that delay and add cost to aircraft full-scale durability test programs. Traditional model validation practice relies on data drawn primarily from discrete strain gauge, structural deflection and load-cell measurements. Supplementing this data with full-field stress imagery is shown to lead to a significantly improved model validation capability. After reviewing the fundamentals of TSA and its application using uncooled infrared detectors this article describes an experimental study conducted on an F-35 full-scale durability test airframe. It is shown that small low-cost microbolometers installed on the airframe provide a rapid and unobtrusive means of obtaining high-fidelity full-field stress imagery of complex airframe components. Such data enables a direct and rapid assessment of model accuracy in areas of potentially life-limiting stress concentration where predictive accuracy needs to be most assured but has traditionally been difficult to verify using the established model validation approach. Issues of general relevance to the application of TSA to full-scale durability testing are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":54525,"journal":{"name":"Quantitative Infrared Thermography Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":"34 - 8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2018-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17686733.2018.1497898","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47005723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sonic IR crack size estimation using 2D heat diffusion model with arbitrary heat source function along the crack","authors":"B. Abu-Nabah, S. Al-Said","doi":"10.1080/17686733.2018.1463011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17686733.2018.1463011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Over the past decade, sonic infrared (IR) has been gaining rapid popularity in fatigue crack detection. Accuracy and robustness of crack size estimation using existing temperature-based image processing techniques are rather limited due to the absence of analytical solutions describing the heat diffusion around the crack. In this study, a 2D heat diffusion model with an arbitrary heat source function along a crack line is developed to make the technique more practical and capture the random nature of heat generation along the crack. The validity of the forward 2D heat diffusion model is established in close comparison with 2D finite element (FE) results. The validated analytical solution is used as a basis for best-fit analysis to retrieve the arbitrary heat source functions along the crack, which are used to estimate crack sizes. Using the 2D FE simulations with and without random temperature uncertainties, the proposed method delivers high accuracy in estimating crack sizes. Moreover, the accuracy in estimating crack sizes is validated using experimental sonic IR data. This makes it a practical approach to unlock the potential capabilities and limitations of sonic IR inspection technology.","PeriodicalId":54525,"journal":{"name":"Quantitative Infrared Thermography Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"271 - 290"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2018-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17686733.2018.1463011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46319680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}