A. Vasconcelos, Cibele Vieira Arão da Silva, A. Moreira, Maria Adrina Paixão de Sousa da Silva, O. Rocha
{"title":"Influence of thermal parameters on the dendritic arm spacing and the microhardness of Al-5.5wt.%Sn alloy directionally solidified","authors":"A. Vasconcelos, Cibele Vieira Arão da Silva, A. Moreira, Maria Adrina Paixão de Sousa da Silva, O. Rocha","doi":"10.1590/S0370-44672014000200007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0370-44672014000200007","url":null,"abstract":"As ligas Al-Sn sao amplamente utilizados em aplicacoes tribologicas. Nesse estudo, analises termica, microestrutural e dureza (HV) foram realizadas ao longo de um lingote da liga Al-5,5%Sn, obtido por solidificacao direcional horizontal transitoria. Os principais parâmetros analisados incluem a velocidade de deslocamento da isoterma liquidus (VL) e a taxa de resfriamento (TR). Esses parâmetros termicos desempenham um papel fundamental na formacao da microestrutura. A microestrutura dendritica foi caracterizada atraves dos espacamentos dentriticos primarios (λ1), os quais foram determinados, experimentalmente, e correlacionados com VL, e TR. O comportamento apresentado pela liga Al- 5,5% Sn, durante a solidificacao,e semelhante ao de outras ligas de aluminio, isto e, observa-se rede dendritica mais grosseira com a diminuicao da taxa de resfriamento, indicando que a imiscibilidade entre o aluminio e estanho nao tem um efeito significativo sobre o relacao entre o espacamento dendritico primario e taxa de resfriamento. A dependencia da microdureza em VL, TR e no λ1 foi tambem analisada. Verificaram-se menores valores de HV para maiores TR. Por outro lado, os valores HV aumentam com valores crescentes de λ1.","PeriodicalId":54498,"journal":{"name":"Rem-Revista Escola De Minas","volume":"334 1","pages":"173-179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76376221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dalilah Pires Maximiano, Andréa R. D. Silva, R. Silveira
{"title":"Iterative strategies associated with the normal flow technique on the nonlinear analysis of structural arches","authors":"Dalilah Pires Maximiano, Andréa R. D. Silva, R. Silveira","doi":"10.1590/S0370-44672014000200003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0370-44672014000200003","url":null,"abstract":"A large part of the numerical procedures for obtaining the equilibrium path or load-displacement curve of structural problems with static nonlinear behavior is based on the Newton-Raphson iterative scheme to which are coupled the path-following methods. In this context, this study uses one technique, referred to as normal flow, in the process of obtaining the approximate nonlinear static response of struc tural systems. Basically, this technique is an adaptation made with in the NewtonRaphson iterative scheme in an attempt to speed up the nonlinear solution process and/or remove convergence problems. To overcome the critical points and to trace the whole nonlinear equilibrium path, three different strategies are used in association with the normal flow technique: the cylindrical arc-length, the minimum residual dis placement norm and the generalized displacement. With this procedure, the performance of these strategies when associated with the normal flow technique is valued. Two arches with highly nonlinear load-displacement curves are used in the study. The results obtained demonstrated that the association of the generalized displacement strategy with the normal flow technique contributes to the improvement of the non linear solution methodology.","PeriodicalId":54498,"journal":{"name":"Rem-Revista Escola De Minas","volume":"362 1","pages":"143-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74884470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of the Fe-Zn intermetallic phases using the Rietveld Method","authors":"L. A. Santos, L. Lopes, P. Wendhausen","doi":"10.1590/S0370-44672014000200008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0370-44672014000200008","url":null,"abstract":"O Metodo Rietveld foi utilizado para investigar a estrutura de tres fases intermetalicas Fe-Zn e quantificar sua proporcao. As fases zeta, delta e gama foram obtidas com sucesso pelo processo de sinterizacao. Uma mistura simples das tres fases intermetalicas foi realizada com uma porcentagem de massas conhecida e seu padrao DRX foi coletado e analisado pelo Metodo Rietveld. Uma diferenca de 14% entre os padroes DRX simulado e experimental foi encontrada, indicando um ajuste satisfatorio. Uma pequena diferenca entre os valores dos parâmetros de rede calculados e aqueles contidos nos cartoes ICSD foi observada. Por conta do bom ajuste, as porcentagens de fase da mistura calculadas concordaram de maneira proxima com as porcentagens experimentais. Logo, concluiu-se que o Metodo Rietveld e um metodo confiavel para quantificar as fases presentes em acos galvannealed e que a mesma metodologia aplicada nesse estudo laboratorial pode ser aplicada em chapas industriais.","PeriodicalId":54498,"journal":{"name":"Rem-Revista Escola De Minas","volume":"69 1","pages":"181-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76263292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luis Alberto de Deus Borges, M. Chaves, J. Karfunkel
{"title":"Diamonds from Borrachudo river, São Francisco basin (Tiros, MG): morphologic and dissolution aspects","authors":"Luis Alberto de Deus Borges, M. Chaves, J. Karfunkel","doi":"10.1590/S0370-44672014000200005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0370-44672014000200005","url":null,"abstract":"A representative set of diamonds from the Borrachudo River (114 stones) was described for the first time as to their physical characteristics, among them weight, morphology, dissolution figures, and abrasion. Most samples are low in weight (~51% less than 0.30 ct) and only ~3.5% are above 3.0 ct. However, considering the total weight, ~47% of it is concentrated in the range above 3 ct. On the other hand, there even occur diamonds with dozen of carats. The most common crystallographic forms are originated from the octahedral form by dissolution, although irregular shapes like chips and flats also occur. The diamonds show differences in form compared to their weight ranges; those up to 0.30 ct have various shapes; in the range of 0.31 to 1 ct the most common are octahedral forms and their descendants; and in stones larger than 1 ct chips and flats predominate. The general habitus of the crystals, identified by their final tetrahexahedroid shapes, chips and flats, corroborated by the dissolution figures, indicate that the diamond were submitted to strong dissolution in a magmatic environment. Residual hillocks and holes represent the final stage of dissolution. The study indicates that the abrasion by the fluvial transport was not expressive enough to cause mechanical wear, thus ca. 97% shows no sign of wear. This fact suggests a proximal source for most of these diamonds.","PeriodicalId":54498,"journal":{"name":"Rem-Revista Escola De Minas","volume":"1 1","pages":"159-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80418680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alaine Moreira Imbelloni, José Pedro da Silva, C. Pereira
{"title":"Nickel ore grinding energy determination","authors":"Alaine Moreira Imbelloni, José Pedro da Silva, C. Pereira","doi":"10.1590/S0370-44672014000200009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0370-44672014000200009","url":null,"abstract":"This study describes the application of an empirical method to estimate the energy consumption in laboratory of the primary grinding of nickel ore with a specific mineralogical texture. This method developed by Donda was previously used in iron ore from the Iron Quadrangle (Minas Gerais, Brasil) with the same purpose. Through the grinding test, performed under standard conditions and based on the degree of liberation and percentage retained on 0.074 mm, it is possible to obtain the energy consumption for grinding. The results mean a validation of the method with a good approximation between industrial and laboratory values. In practice the energy consumption is 26.6 kWh/t and through Donda’s method, when using the liberation degree as a parameter, the energy found was 26.8 kWh/t.","PeriodicalId":54498,"journal":{"name":"Rem-Revista Escola De Minas","volume":"1 1","pages":"185-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78469902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. A. Bortoleto, A. C. Chieregati, Antônio Henrique Rietra Pereira, Raiza Cavalcante Oliveira
{"title":"The application of sampling theory in bauxite protocols","authors":"D. A. Bortoleto, A. C. Chieregati, Antônio Henrique Rietra Pereira, Raiza Cavalcante Oliveira","doi":"10.1590/S0370-44672014000200014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0370-44672014000200014","url":null,"abstract":"The applications of Gy's formula are appropriate for calculating variances of the fundamental sampling error (FSE) at any stage of the sampling protocol and before samples are collected as well. However, the formula can be inaccurate because general factors are used to estimate the ore characteristic. In order to allow the calculation of fundamental sampling error and the minimum representative sample masses without using Gy's factors, there are experiments to calibrate the sampling parameters, namely: the heterogeneity test (HT); the sampling tree experiment (STE) and the segregation free analysis (SFA). The present work describes the experimental procedure for the three calibration methods using bauxite and shows the correlation between them.","PeriodicalId":54498,"journal":{"name":"Rem-Revista Escola De Minas","volume":"12 1","pages":"215-220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76741170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. H. Martins, D. Almeida, Luciano Rodrigo Gomes Santos, T. Moreira
{"title":"Metal bioavailability potential of São Francisco river sediments in Três Marias (Minas Gerais - Brazil)","authors":"A. H. Martins, D. Almeida, Luciano Rodrigo Gomes Santos, T. Moreira","doi":"10.1590/S0370-44672014000200004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0370-44672014000200004","url":null,"abstract":"Sediment contamination by metals is very common and frequently researched worldwide with the objective of assessing the environmental impact of these contaminants. The bulk metal concentration in sediments is not enough for assessing toxicity and therefore, needs additional research and assays. To estimate the potentially bioavailable fraction of the metals in the sediment, the acid-volatile sulfides / simultane ously extracted metals (AVS/SEM) method was used. Seven samples in duplicate were collected from the Sao Francisco River and its tributary, near a zinc metallurgical plant in the city of Tres Marias (MG). The AVS/SEM results suggest that, although the bulk metal concentrations are above TEL (Threshold Effects Level: A chemical concentration above which some adverse effect to biota is expected), samples from the Sao Francisco River presented relatively low potential for bioavailability (uncertain toxicity). These results should be taken into consideration before deciding about contaminated sediment management. Keyword: AVS-SEM, bioavailability, metals, Sao Francisco River","PeriodicalId":54498,"journal":{"name":"Rem-Revista Escola De Minas","volume":"18 6","pages":"151-157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1590/S0370-44672014000200004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72368273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Denise Fontoura Morosini, C. Baltar, A. C. Duarte-coelho
{"title":"Iron removal by precipitate flotation","authors":"Denise Fontoura Morosini, C. Baltar, A. C. Duarte-coelho","doi":"10.1590/S0370-44672014000200012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0370-44672014000200012","url":null,"abstract":"The water from several artesian wells in the metropolitan area of Recife presents high iron content, preventing its use in some industrial processes. The possibility of removing the iron by the use of precipitate flotation using sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) as collector was studied. The tests were carried out in a glass column 65 cm high, fed by a constant airflow. At pH 8, where the isoelectric point of colloidal iron hydroxide [Fe(OH) 3 ] was observed, the size of the precipitate increases with conditioning time and facilitates the removal of iron ions by flotation. The results showed that an increase in conditioning time, from 5 to 20 minutes, resulted in a reduction of the residual concentration of iron from 13.2 to 0.2 ppm. The decrease in precipitate specific surface area rendered a decrease in the collector consumption possible. The iron ion removal process by flotation using SDS as collector was shown to be quite efficient. A removal of 99% of Fe 3+ contained in the original solution was obtained.","PeriodicalId":54498,"journal":{"name":"Rem-Revista Escola De Minas","volume":"12 1","pages":"203-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73725808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. L. Souza, R. Albuquerque, F. Lameiras, Plínio Eduardo Praes, A. Peres
{"title":"Use of depressants in the direct flotation of a silicate-carbonate phosphate ore","authors":"A. L. Souza, R. Albuquerque, F. Lameiras, Plínio Eduardo Praes, A. Peres","doi":"10.1590/S0370-44672014000200010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0370-44672014000200010","url":null,"abstract":"A high demand for mineral resources observed in recent decades has led to an expansion in production in the mining industry. Different process alternatives have been proposed for selective separation between apatite and contaminants (carbonates and silicates) present in phosphate ores. Magnetic separation, calcination and gravity separation processes are methods that present low efficiency and high cost. Flotation is the most common process; however the selectivity is hampered by the superficial similarity of the chemical composition of phosphates and carbonates, high surface activity of the collectors used, interactions between dissolved ionic species of certain mineral with another and also interactions between dissolved ionic species and reagents. In this study, conducted in a laboratory scale, eight different depressants, organic and inorganic, were tested in the direct flotation of a Brazilian silicate-carbonate phosphate ore. The best performance in the depression of calcite and silicates was achieved with cassava starch.","PeriodicalId":54498,"journal":{"name":"Rem-Revista Escola De Minas","volume":"7 1","pages":"191-196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91035754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance of direct and reverse Samarco grinding circuits","authors":"A. Rosa, H. Delboni","doi":"10.1590/S0370-44672014000200011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S0370-44672014000200011","url":null,"abstract":"This paper compares the performance associated with both direct and reverse ball mill closed circuit configurations. Survey campaigns were carried out in both Samarco Mineracao industrial plants, i.e., Concentrator I and Concentrator II. The former is equipped with a reverse-configured ball mill closed grinding circuit, while the latter is equipped with ball mills under a direct closed circuit. The study consisted of laboratory jar tests, as well as comparisons between historical data obtained for both industrial plants. Comparisons based on historical data indicated that Concentrator II, configured in a direct mode, exhibited a better performance than that of Concentrator I. Such a conclusion is in contrast with the results obtained from survey campaigns, which indicated a better performance for the reverse configuration. Such a difference was determined by the performance of the classification stage, carried out in cyclones, as demonstrated by simulations conducted on the basis of previously calibrated models.","PeriodicalId":54498,"journal":{"name":"Rem-Revista Escola De Minas","volume":"16 1","pages":"197-202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81685963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}