Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics最新文献_第5页

Reformulating Bell's theorem: The search for a truly local quantum theory 重新表述贝尔定理:寻找真正的局域量子理论

Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics Pub Date : 2020-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsb.2020.02.006

Mordecai Waegell , Kelvin J. McQueen

{"title":"Reformulating Bell's theorem: The search for a truly local quantum theory","authors":"Mordecai Waegell , Kelvin J. McQueen","doi":"10.1016/j.shpsb.2020.02.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shpsb.2020.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The apparent nonlocality of quantum theory has been a persistent concern. Einstein et al. (1935) and Bell (1964) emphasized the apparent nonlocality arising from entanglement correlations. While some interpretations embrace this nonlocality, modern variations of the Everett-inspired many worlds interpretation try to circumvent it. In this paper, we review Bell's “no-go” theorem and explain how it rests on three axioms, </span><em>local causality</em>, <em>no superdeterminism</em>, and <em>one world</em>. Although Bell is often taken to have shown that <em>local causality</em> is ruled out by the experimentally confirmed entanglement correlations, we make clear that it is the conjunction of the three axioms that is ruled out by these correlations. We then show that by assuming <em>local causality</em> and <em>no superdeterminism</em>, we can give a direct proof of many worlds. The remainder of the paper searches for a consistent, local, formulation of many worlds. We show that prominent formulations whose ontology is given by the wave function violate <em>local causality</em><span>, and we critically evaluate claims in the literature to the contrary. We ultimately identify a local many worlds interpretation that replaces the wave function with a separable Lorentz-invariant wave-field. We conclude with discussions of the Born rule, and other interpretations of quantum mechanics.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":54442,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics","volume":"70 ","pages":"Pages 39-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.shpsb.2020.02.006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46196230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

How to make reflectance a surface property 如何使反射率成为表面属性

Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics Pub Date : 2020-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsb.2020.01.002

Nicholas Danne

引用次数: 3

Some Philosophical Prehistory of the (Earman-Norton) hole argument (厄尔曼-诺顿)洞论的一些哲学史前史

Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics Pub Date : 2020-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsb.2020.02.002

James Owen Weatherall

引用次数: 9

Redundant epistemic symmetries 冗余的认知对称性

Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics Pub Date : 2020-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsb.2020.03.002

James Read, Thomas Møller-Nielsen

引用次数: 16

The metaphysics of invariance 不变的形而上学

Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics Pub Date : 2020-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsb.2020.02.001

David Schroeren

引用次数: 3

Diagnosing disagreements: The authentication of the positron 1931–1934 诊断分歧:正电子的鉴定1931-1934

Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics Pub Date : 2020-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsb.2019.10.001

Ana-Maria Creţu

引用次数: 6

The Frauchiger-Renner argument: A new no-go result? 弗劳希格-雷纳论证:一个新的不接受的结果?

Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics Pub Date : 2020-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsb.2019.12.002

Sebastian Fortin, Olimpia Lombardi

引用次数: 2

Putting positrons into classical Dirac field theory 将正电子引入经典狄拉克场论

Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics Pub Date : 2020-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsb.2019.10.003

Charles T. Sebens

引用次数: 8

Histories, dynamical laws, and initial conditions −Invariance under time-reversibility and its failure in Markov processes, with application to the second law of thermodynamics and the past hypothesis 历史，动力学定律和初始条件-时间可逆性下的不变性及其在马尔可夫过程中的失败，应用于热力学第二定律和过去假设

Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics Pub Date : 2020-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsb.2019.08.004

Elliott Sober

{"title":"Histories, dynamical laws, and initial conditions −Invariance under time-reversibility and its failure in Markov processes, with application to the second law of thermodynamics and the past hypothesis","authors":"Elliott Sober","doi":"10.1016/j.shpsb.2019.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shpsb.2019.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A Markov process<span> can be invariant under time reversal and it also can exhibit a failure of invariance that is “uniformly positive.” I show how each of these possibilities contributes to the project of deciding when a temporal sequence of states has a higher probability than its mirror image. Neither suffices, but a distinct property of the Markov process completes the project, namely the unconditional probabilities of two possible states of the system at the start of the process. The concept of forward time-translational invariance plays a role in the analysis, but I discuss backward time-translational invariance as well. I argue that the Markov framework helps clarify how the Past Hypothesis (the hypothesis that the universe began in a very low entropy state) is related to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, and how each is relevant to explaining why histories that exhibit entropy increase have higher probabilities than histories that exhibit entropy decline. I argue that the Past Hypothesis, if true, helps explain this fact about histories, but a far weaker hypothesis about the universe's initial state suffices to do so.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":54442,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics","volume":"69 ","pages":"Pages 26-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.shpsb.2019.08.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47542920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Conceptual analysis of black hole entropy in string theory 弦理论中黑洞熵的概念分析

Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics Pub Date : 2020-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsb.2019.11.001

Sebastian De Haro , Jeroen van Dongen , Manus Visser , Jeremy Butterfield

{"title":"Conceptual analysis of black hole entropy in string theory","authors":"Sebastian De Haro , Jeroen van Dongen , Manus Visser , Jeremy Butterfield","doi":"10.1016/j.shpsb.2019.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shpsb.2019.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The microscopic state counting of the extremal Reissner-Nordström black hole performed by Andrew Strominger and Cumrun Vafa in 1996 has proven to be a central result in string theory. Here, with a philosophical readership in mind, the argument is presented in its contemporary context and its rather complex conceptual structure is analysed. In particular, we will identify the various inter-theoretic relations, such as duality and linkage relations, on which it depends. We further aim to make clear why the argument was immediately recognised as a successful accounting for the entropy of this black hole and how it engendered subsequent work that intended to strengthen the string theoretic analysis of black holes. Its relation to the formulation of the AdS/CFT conjecture will be briefly discussed, and the familiar reinterpretation of the entropy calculation in the context of the AdS/CFT correspondence is given. Finally, we discuss the heuristic role that Strominger and Vafa's microscopic account of black hole entropy played for the black hole information paradox. A companion paper analyses the ontology of the Strominger-Vafa black hole states, the question of emergence of the black hole from a collection of D-branes, and the role of the correspondence principle in the context of string theory black holes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54442,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics","volume":"69 ","pages":"Pages 82-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.shpsb.2019.11.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85244048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8