Tellus Series B-Chemical and Physical Meteorology最新文献

{"title":"Estimating regional terrestrial carbon fluxes for the Australian continent using a multiple‐constraint approach","authors":"Ying‐ping Wang, D. Barrett","doi":"10.1034/J.1600-0889.2003.00031.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1034/J.1600-0889.2003.00031.X","url":null,"abstract":"We have developed a modelling framework that synthesizes various types of field measurements at different spatial and temporal scales. We used this modelling framework to estimate monthly means and their standard deviations of gross photosynthesis, total ecosystem production, net primary production (NPP) and net ecosystem production (NEP) for eight regions of the Australian continent between 1990 and 1998. Annual mean NPP of the Australian continent varied between 800 and 1100 Mt C yr−1 between 1990 and 1998, with a coefficient of variation that is defined as the ratio of standard deviation and mean between 0.24 and 0.34. The seasonal variation of NPP for the whole continent varied between 50 and 110 Mt C month−1 with two maxima, one in the autumn and another in the spring. NEP was most negative in the winter (a carbon sink) and was most positive (a carbon source) in the summer. However, the coefficient of variation of monthly mean NEP was very large (> 4), and consequently confidence in the predicted net carbon fluxes for any month in the period 1990–1998 for the whole continent was very low. A companion paper will apply atmospheric inverse technique to measurements of CO2 concentration to further constrain the continental carbon cycle and reduce uncertainty in estimated mean monthly carbon fluxes.","PeriodicalId":54432,"journal":{"name":"Tellus Series B-Chemical and Physical Meteorology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2003-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91104333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foreword: The Eurosiberian Carbonflux project","authors":"M. Heimann","doi":"10.1034/J.1600-0889.2002.01519.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1034/J.1600-0889.2002.01519.X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54432,"journal":{"name":"Tellus Series B-Chemical and Physical Meteorology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2002-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81723903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Net CO2 exchange rates in three different successional stages of the","authors":"Carola Röser, Leonardo Montagnani, E. Schulze, D. Mollicone, O. Kolle, M. Meroni, D. Papale, L. Marchesini, S. Federici, R. Valentini","doi":"10.1034/J.1600-0889.2002.01351.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1034/J.1600-0889.2002.01351.X","url":null,"abstract":"The net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of successional stages of the Abies -dominated dark taiga was measured in central Siberia (61°N 90°E) during the growing season of the year 2000 using the eddy covariance technique. Measurements started before snow melt and canopy activity in spring on day of year (DOY) 99 and lasted until a permanent snow cover had developed and respiration had ceased in autumn DOY 299. Three stands growing in close vicinity were investigated: 50 yr-old Betula pubescens (“Betula stand”, an early successional stage after fire), 250 yr-old mixed boreal forest, representing the transition from Betula -dominated to Abies -dominated canopies, and 200-yr-old Abies sibirica (“Abies stand”, representing a late successional stage following the mixed boreal forest). The mixed boreal forest had a multi-layered canopy with dense understory and trees of variable height and age below the main canopy, which was dominated by Abies sibirica , Picea obovata and few old Betula pubescens and Populus tremula trees. The Abies stand had a uniform canopy dominated by Abies sibirica . This stand appears to have established not after fire but after wind break or insect damage in a later successional stage. The stands differed with respect to the number of days with net CO 2 uptake (Betula stand 89 days, mixed boreal forest 109 days, and Abies stand 135 days), maximum measured LAI (Betula 2.6 m 2 m −2 , mixed boreal forest 3.5 m 2 m −2 and Abies stand 4.1 m 2 m −2 ) and basal area (Betula stand 30.2 m 2 ha −1 , mixed boreal forest 35.7 m 2 ha −1 , and Abies stand 46.5 m 2 ha −1 ). In the mixed boreal forest, many days with net daytime CO 2 release were observed in summer. Both other sites were almost permanent sinks in summer. Mean daytime CO 2 exchange rates in July were −8.45 μmol m −2 s −1 in the Betula stand, −4.65 μmol m −2 s −1 in the mixed boreal forest and −6.31 μmol m −2 s −1 in the Abies stand. Measured uptake for the growing season was −247.2 g C m −2 in the Betula stand, −99.7 g C m −2 in the mixed boreal forest and −269.9 g C m −2 in the Abies stand. The total annual carbon uptake might be slightly lower (i.e. less negative) due to some soil respiration under snow in winter. The study for the first time demonstrates that old forests in the “Dark Taiga” are carbon sinks and that sink activity is very similar in late and early successional stages. Canopy and crown structure with associated self-shading and available radiation are suggested as possible causes for the observed differences. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0889.2002.01351.x","PeriodicalId":54432,"journal":{"name":"Tellus Series B-Chemical and Physical Meteorology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2002-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73670854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three years of trace gas observations over the EuroSiberian domain derived from aircraft sampling – a concerted action","authors":"I. Levin, P. Ciais, R. Langenfelds, M. Schmidt, M. Ramonet, K. Sidorov, N. M. Tchebakova, M. Gloor, M. Heimann, E. Schulze, N. Vygodskaya, O. Shibistova, J. Lloyd","doi":"10.1034/J.1600-0889.2002.01352.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1034/J.1600-0889.2002.01352.X","url":null,"abstract":"A three-year trace gas climatology of CO 2 and its stable isotopic ratios, as well as CH 4 ,N 2 O and SF 6 , derived from regular vertical aircraft sampling over the Eurasian continent is presented. The four sampling sites range from about 1° Et o 89°E in the latitude belt from 48° Nt o 62°N. The most prominent features of the CO 2 observations are an increase of the seasonal cycle amplitudes of CO 2 and d13C‐CO 2 in the free troposphere (at 3000 m a.s.l.) by more than 60% from Western Europe to Western and Central Siberia. d18O‐CO 2 shows an even larger increase of the seasonal cycle amplitude by a factor of two from Western Europe towards the Ural mountains, which decreases again towards the most eastern site, Zotino. These data reflect a strong influence of carbon exchange fluxes with the continental biosphere. In particular, during      .   .      .   .      .   . — —","PeriodicalId":54432,"journal":{"name":"Tellus Series B-Chemical and Physical Meteorology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2002-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84942552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A simple three-dimensional canopy - planetary boundary layer simulation model for scalar concentrations and fluxes","authors":"A. Sogachev, G. Menzhulin, M. Heimann, J. Lloyd","doi":"10.1034/J.1600-0889.2002.201353.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1034/J.1600-0889.2002.201353.X","url":null,"abstract":"We present a numerical model capable of computing the physical processes within both plant canopy and planetary boundary layer (PBL), offering the potential benefit of wide applicability due to reduced computational requirements. The model, named SCADIS (scalar distribution), synthesizes existing knowledge of boundary and surface layer turbulence and surface layer vegetative processes and was tested using several data sets from the European part of Russia and Siberia obtained as part of the EUROSIBERIAN CARBONFLUX project. Despite simplifications which were necessary in order to simulate the natural processes, the first version of the model presented here demonstrated a satisfactory agreement between modelled and observed data for different surface features and weather conditions. For example, the model successfully predicted the diurnal patterns of concentration profiles of CO2, water vapour and potential temperature profiles both within the summer atmospheric boundary layer and within the plant canopy itself. The very different effects of the surface energy characteristics of bog versus forest on convective boundary layer (CBL) structure and development are also illustrated. The model was applied to evaluate the effective footprints for eddy covariance measurements above non-uniform plant canopies, the case study here being a mixed spruce forest in European Russia. The model also demonstrates the likely variations in the above-canopy turbulence and surface layer fluxes as dependent on the presence of patches of deciduous broadleaf forest within a predominantly evergreen coniferous stand.","PeriodicalId":54432,"journal":{"name":"Tellus Series B-Chemical and Physical Meteorology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2002-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79790377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal and spatial variability in soil CO2 efflux rates for a central Siberian Pinus sylvestris forest","authors":"O. Shibistova, J. Lloyd, S. Evgrafova, N. Savushkina, G. Zrazhevskaya, A. Arneth, A. Knohl, O. Kolle, E. Schulze","doi":"10.1034/J.1600-0889.2002.01348.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1034/J.1600-0889.2002.01348.X","url":null,"abstract":"Rates of CO2 efflux from the floor of a central Siberian Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) forest were measured using a dynamic closed chamber system and by a eddy covariance system placed 2.5 m above the forest floor. Measurements were undertaken for a full growing season: from early May to early October 1999. Spatial variability as determined by the chamber measurements showed the rate of CO2 efflux to depend on location, with rates from relatively open areas (“glades”) only being about 50% those observed below or around trees. This was despite generally higher temperatures in the glade during the day. A strong relationship between CO2 efflux rate and root density was observed in early spring, suggesting that lower rates in open areas may have been attributable to fewer roots there. Continuous measurements with the eddy covariance system provided good temporal coverage. This method, however, provided estimates of ground CO2 efflux rate rates that were about 50% lower than chamber measurements that were undertaken in areas considered to be representative of the forest as a whole. An examination of the seasonal pattern of soil CO2 efflux rates suggests that much of the variability in CO2 efflux rate could be accounted for by variations in soil temperature. Nevertheless, there were also some indications that the soil water deficits served to reduce soil CO2 efflux rates during mid-summer. Overall the sensitivity of CO2 efflux rate to temperature seems to be greater for this boreal ecosystem than has been the case for most other studies.","PeriodicalId":54432,"journal":{"name":"Tellus Series B-Chemical and Physical Meteorology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2002-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85981534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vertical distributions of sulfur species simulated by large scale atmospheric models in COSAM: Comparison with observations: Atmospheric models in COSAM","authors":"U. Lohmann, W. Leaitch, L. Barrie, K. Law, Y. Yi, D. Bergmann, C. Bridgeman, M. Chin, J. Christensen, R. Easter, J. Feichter, A. Jeuken, E. Kjellström, D. Koch, C. Land, P. Rasch, G. Roelofs","doi":"10.1034/J.1600-0889.2001.530508.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1034/J.1600-0889.2001.530508.X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54432,"journal":{"name":"Tellus Series B-Chemical and Physical Meteorology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2001-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73770895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of regional budgets of sulfur species modeled for the COSAM exercise: Sulfur species modeled for the COSAM exercise","authors":"G. Roelofs, P. Kasibhatla, L. Barrie, D. Bergmann, C. Bridgeman, M. Chin, J. Christensen, R. Easter, J. Feichter, A. Jeuken, E. Kjellström, D. Koch, C. Land, U. Lohmann, P. Rasch","doi":"10.1034/J.1600-0889.2001.530509.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1034/J.1600-0889.2001.530509.X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54432,"journal":{"name":"Tellus Series B-Chemical and Physical Meteorology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2001-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76066413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feedback mechanisms and sensitivities of ocean carbon uptake under global warming: Ocean carbon uptake","authors":"G. Plattner, F. Joos, T. Stocker, O. Marchal","doi":"10.1034/J.1600-0889.2001.530504.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1034/J.1600-0889.2001.530504.X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54432,"journal":{"name":"Tellus Series B-Chemical and Physical Meteorology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2001-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83780597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends of pollution in rain over East Germany caused by changing emissions: Rain pollution over East Germany","authors":"W. Marquardt, E. Brüggemann, R. Auel, H. Herrmann, D. Möller","doi":"10.1034/J.1600-0889.2001.530502.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1034/J.1600-0889.2001.530502.X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54432,"journal":{"name":"Tellus Series B-Chemical and Physical Meteorology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2001-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82675224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}