Tellus Series B-Chemical and Physical Meteorology最新文献

{"title":"Measurements of aerosol optical depth above 3570 m asl in the North Atlantic free troposphere: results from ACE‐2","authors":"P. Formenti, M. Andreae, J. Lelieveld","doi":"10.1034/J.1600-0889.2000.00006.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1034/J.1600-0889.2000.00006.X","url":null,"abstract":"As part of the 2nd Aerosol Characterisation Experiment (ACE-2), conducted during summer 1997 in the North Atlantic region between the Canary Islands and Portugal, we measured aerosol optical depths (AOD) at a mid-tropospheric site, near the top of the volcanic mountain “El Teide”(28°16′N, 16°36′ W, 3570 m asl). Our instrument was located at the highest altitude in a network of sunphotometers that extended down to sea level. Clear conditions dominated the ACE-2 period, and, although suggested by back-trajectories at 300 hPa, no evidence of anthropogenic pollution was found in our data. Three distinct dust episodes were observed. Vertical soundings and back trajectories suggested mineral dust from the Sahel region as a source. During these episodes, AOD increased an order of magnitude with respect to background conditions (from 0.017 up to 0.19 at λ=500 nm). A shift towards neutrality of the extinction spectral dependence (Angstrom exponent α down to 0.13), indicated that the coarse mode (particle diameter >2 μm) dominated the aerosol size distribution. For 6 days during the episodes of mineral dust, a monomodal size distribution between 2 and 20 μm diameter was obtained from Mie based size distribution calculations. Estimates, at 500 nm, of the single scattering albedo ω0(0.87–0.96), and the aerosol asymmetry parameter g(0.72–0.73) suggest that the dust layer causes a net cooling forcing at the top of the atmosphere.","PeriodicalId":54432,"journal":{"name":"Tellus Series B-Chemical and Physical Meteorology","volume":"211 1","pages":"678-693"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2000-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77053982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectral measurements of aerosol particle extinction in the 0.4–3.7 μm wavelength range, performed at Sagres with the IR‐RAD sun‐radiometer","authors":"V. Vitale, C. Tomasi, W. V. Hoyningen-Huene, U. Bonafè, S. Marani, A. Lupi, A. Cacciari, P. Ruggeri","doi":"10.1034/J.1600-0889.2000.00028.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1034/J.1600-0889.2000.00028.X","url":null,"abstract":"During the CLEARCOLUMN campaign which took place at Sagres (Portugal) from 16 June to 25 July 1997, more than 2000 spectral measurements of direct solar irradiance were performed at thirteen window-wavelengths in the 0.4–3.7 μm range, on 27 days. The measurements were performed using the IR-RAD sun-radiometer designed and manufactured at the Institute ISAO (FISBAT), Bologna (Italy), and carefully calibrated by applying the Langley plot method to the measurements performed on 24 October 1996, at the Schneefernerhaus Observatory on the Zugspitze (Germany). From these measurements, the values of the total atmospheric optical depth were obtained at the various wavelengths, from which the corresponding spectral values of aerosol optical depth were determined through accurate corrections for Rayleigh scattering and gaseous absorption. Such values were found to be mostly smaller than 0.1 during June and early July, presenting almost neutral spectral dependence characteristics, closely related to the prevailing oceanic origins of particulate matter. Higher values of aerosol optical thickness, mainly ranging between 0.1 and 0.5 at visible wavelengths and sharply decreasing with wavelength, were found during the rest of July in the presence of predominant contents of continental and anthropogenic aerosol particles arriving from polluted European regions. The King inversion method was applied to the spectral series of aerosol optical depth to determine the particle size-distribution curves in the 0.2–20 μm diameter range. For 2 of these cases (one chosen for a low atmospheric loading of marine aerosols and the other for a mean content of continental/anthropogenic aerosols), the changes in the outgoing solar radiation flux produced by aerosol particles were calculated, considering different surface albedo conditions. The results obtained in the second case show that changes of opposite sign can be caused by the same atmospheric aerosol loading when passing from oceanic to continental areas.","PeriodicalId":54432,"journal":{"name":"Tellus Series B-Chemical and Physical Meteorology","volume":"36 1","pages":"716-733"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2000-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83126802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precipitable water evaluations from infrared sun‐photometric measurements analyzed using the atmospheric hygrometry technique","authors":"C. Tomasi, S. Marani, V. Vitale, F. Wagner, A. Cacciari, A. Lupi","doi":"10.1034/J.1600-0889.2000.00032.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1034/J.1600-0889.2000.00032.X","url":null,"abstract":"Measurements of direct solar irradiance were taken employing 4 different sun-photometers at near infrared wavelengths, suitable for use in atmospheric hygrometry. This technique utilising a set of spectral ratios, in and out of selected water vapour absorption bands, was applied to the measurements to obtain accurate evaluations of precipitable water. For all the hygrometric ratios given by the 4 sun-photometers used at the 3 stations of Sagres, Monchique and Mt. Foia, during the CLEARCOLUMN experiment, we determined the calibration curves by correcting them for the Rayleigh scattering effects and, then, plotting the natural logarithms of such corrected ratios versus the square root of the water vapour mass present along the atmospheric slant path. The regression lines drawn for the various scatter diagrams were estimated to give evaluations of precipitable water with an uncertainty of less than 5%, 3% and 10% at the 3 stations, respectively. The calibration curves of the sun-photometer located at the Sagres station were determined using the precipitable water evaluations obtained from the local radiosounding measurements taken on 5 clear-sky days. Those of the sun-photometers used at the Monchique and Mt. Foia stations were instead determined through intercomparison between subsets of measurements simultaneously taken with various instruments at Sagres and Mt. Foia. Using these calibration curves, we examined all the field measurements determining the time-patterns of precipitable water at the 3 stations. During the period from 16 June to 25 July 1997, precipitable water was found to vary between 1.1 and 3.7 g cm−2 at the Sagres station (with an accuracy within ±13%), between 1.0 and 2.8 g cm−2 at Monchique (±11%) and between 0.8 and 3.0 g cm−2 at the top of Mt. Foia (±26%).","PeriodicalId":54432,"journal":{"name":"Tellus Series B-Chemical and Physical Meteorology","volume":"20 1","pages":"734-749"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2000-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80893073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aerosol Optical properties at Sagres, Portugal during ACE‐2","authors":"C. Carrico, M. Rood, J. Ogren, C. Neusüß, A. Wiedensohler, J. Heintzenberg","doi":"10.1034/J.1600-0889.2000.00049.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1034/J.1600-0889.2000.00049.X","url":null,"abstract":"Aerosol light scattering and absorption properties relevant to climate change were measured as part of the Aerosol Characterization Experiment 2 (ACE-2, 15 June to 25 July 1997) at Sagres, Portugal, a site receiving anthropogenically perturbed air masses from Europe. A controlled relative humidity (RH) nephelometry system measured the dependence of the total light scattering and backscattering coefficients by particles (σsp and σbsp , respectively) upon increasing and decreasing controlled RH, maximum particle diameter (Dp) size cut, and wavelength of scattered light (λ). An aethalometer was used to measure black carbon concentrations ([BC]) to yield estimates of light absorption by particles (σap) and single scattering albedo (ω). Parameters derived from the measurements include the dependence of σsp and σbsp on RH (f(RH)), the hemispheric backscatter fraction (b), and the Angstrom exponent (A), all as functions of λ and particle Dp size cut. During polluted periods, for Dp≤10 μm, and at λ=550 nm, means and standard deviations of aerosol parameters included σsp=75.1±30.5 Mm−1 at controlled RH=27%, f(RH=82%)=1.46±0.10 and 1.22±0.06 for σsp and σbsp , respectively, and b=0.113±0.017 and 0.094±0.015 at controlled RH=27% and 82%, respectively. Transition from “clean” to polluted periods was characterized by a mean increase in σsp and σbsp by a factor of 4 to 7, increased wavelength dependence evident from an increase in A from 0.57 to 1.48, shift from 0.32 to 0.56 of the fraction of σsp from sub-micrometer Dp particles, and suppression of f(RH) by 14 to 20%. Onset of polluted periods and aerosol hygroscopic growth each resulted in ∼1% increases in ω, and an estimated range for ω at Sagres during ACE-2 was 0.91<ω< 0.97 considering uncertainty of ±0.02, aerosol hygroscopic growth, and air mass influences. Evidence for the influence of hysteresis in f(RH) was greatest at RH=65% with mean increases of 20% during “clean” periods and 10% during polluted periods. These measurements contribute to characterizing ground-level aerosol optical properties for a site that receives “clean” and anthropogenically perturbed aerosol.","PeriodicalId":54432,"journal":{"name":"Tellus Series B-Chemical and Physical Meteorology","volume":"7 1","pages":"694-715"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2000-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83983047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling cloud processing of aerosol during the ACE-2 HILLCLOUD experiment","authors":"M. Flynn, K. Bower, T. Choularton, W. Wobrock, J. Mäkelä, B. Martinsson, G. Frank, H. Hansson, Hans Karlsson, P. Laj","doi":"10.1034/J.1600-0889.2000.00029.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1034/J.1600-0889.2000.00029.X","url":null,"abstract":"A numerical model has been used to simulate the conditions observed during the ACE-2 Hillcloud experiment and to study the processes which may be taking place. The model incorporates gas phase chemistry of sulphur and nitrogen compounds upstream of the cloud, and the interaction of aerosol, precursor trace gases and oxidants within the cloud. Gas phase and aerosol inputs to the model have been provided from measurements made in the field. Dynamics of the air flow over the hill consisted of simple prescribed dynamics based on wind speed measurements, and also for some cases modelled dynamics. In this modelling study, it was found that during clean case studies particles down to 40-55 nm diameter were activated to form cloud droplets, the total number of droplets formed ranging from 200 to 400 drops/cm(3) Significant modification of the aerosol spectra due to cloud processing was observed. In polluted cases particles down to 65-80 nm diameter were activated to form cloud droplets, the total number of droplets ranging from 800 to 2800 drops/cm(3). Modification of the aerosol spectra due to cloud processing was slight. In all cases, changes in the aerosol spectra were due to both the uptake of HNO3, HCl, NH3 and SO2 from the gas phase, (the SO2 being oxidised to sulphate) and the repartitioning of species such as HNO3, HCl, and NH3 from larger particles onto smaller ones. Modelling results have been compared with observations made. Modelled droplet numbers are typically within 20% of the best measured values. The mode of the droplet distribution typically around 10 20 mu m for clean cases and 4-8 mu m for polluted cases was found to be in good agreement with the measured values of 10-25 mu m for clean cases, but not in such good agreement for polluted cases. Measurements of upwind and interstitial aerosol distributions showed that the smallest particles activated were 30 and 50 nm for clean and polluted cases respectively, slightly smaller than the model values quoted above. Measured upwind and downwind aerosol spectra showed similar modification to that predicted by the model in eight out of the eleven model runs carried out. Chemistry measurements also give general evidence for both the uptake of species from the gas phase, and repartitioning of species from large particles onto smaller ones, though comparisons For individual cases are more difficult. From this modelling study, it can be concluded that in general, in the remote environment the exchange of hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and ammonia between aerosol particles and take up from the gas phase in the vicinity of cloud may be a very important mechanism in regulating the evolution of the aerosol spectrum. Further, the much more linear relationship between cloud droplet and accumulation mode aerosol number, which was observed in the measurements made during the ACE-2 HILLCLOUD project is supported by these modelling results. The implications of this for the indirect effect will be explored i","PeriodicalId":54432,"journal":{"name":"Tellus Series B-Chemical and Physical Meteorology","volume":"71 1","pages":"779-800"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2000-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85809624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cloud optical thickness and albedo retrievals from bidirectional reflectance measurements of POLDER instruments during ACE‐2","authors":"F. Parol, J. Descloitres, Y. Fouquart","doi":"10.1034/J.1600-0889.2000.00026.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1034/J.1600-0889.2000.00026.X","url":null,"abstract":"The POLDER instrument is devoted to global observations of the solar radiation reflected by the Earth–atmosphere system. The airborne version of the instrument was operated during the ACE-2 experiment, more particularly as a component of the CLOUDYCOLUMN project of ACE-2 that was conducted in summer 1997 over the subtropical northeastern Atlantic ocean. CLOUDYCOLUMN is a coordinated project specifically dedicated to the study of the indirect effect of aerosols. In this context, the airborne POLDER was assigned to remote measurements of the cloud optical and radiative properties, namely the cloud optical thickness and the cloud albedo. This paper presents the retrievals of those 2 cloud parameters for 2 golden days of the campaign 26 June and 9 July 1997. Coincident spaceborne ADEOS-POLDER data from 2 orbits over the ACE-2 area on 26 June are also analyzed. 26 June corresponds to a pure air marine case and 9 July is a polluted air case. The multidirectional viewing capability of airborne POLDER is here demonstrated to be very useful to estimate the effective radius of cloud droplet that characterizes the observed stratocumulus clouds. A 12 μm cloud droplet size distribution appears to be a suitable cloud droplet model in the pure marine cloud case study. For the polluted case the mean retrieved effective droplet radius is of the order of 6–10 μm. This only preliminary result can be interpreted as a confirmation of the indirect effect of aerosols. It is consistent with the significant increase in droplet concentration measured in polluted marine clouds compared to clean marine ones. Further investigations and comparisons to in-situ microphysical measurements are now needed.","PeriodicalId":54432,"journal":{"name":"Tellus Series B-Chemical and Physical Meteorology","volume":"25 1","pages":"888-908"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2000-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82583478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cloud condensation nuclei and cloud droplet measurements during ACE-2","authors":"J. Snider, J. Brenguier","doi":"10.1034/J.1600-0889.2000.00044.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1034/J.1600-0889.2000.00044.X","url":null,"abstract":"During the 2nd Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-2), relationships between stratocumulus cloud properties and aerosols were examined. Here, the relevant measurements including the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activation spectrum, updraft velocity, cloud microphysical and aerosol properties are presented. It is shown that calculations of droplet concentration based on updraft velocity and the CCN activation spectrum are consistent with direct observations. Also discussed is an apparent disparity among measurements of the CCN activation spectrum, the accumulation mode size distribution, and the composition of the submicrometric aerosol. The observed consistency between CCN, updraft and cloud droplets is a necessary refinement; however, extended analyses of the ACE-2 data set are needed to guide improvements in model simulations of the interaction between aerosols and cloud microphysics. In particular, there is need for an examination of aerosol size spectra and chemical composition measurements with a view towards validating droplet activation schemes which relate the aerosol and cloud dynamical properties to cloud albedo.","PeriodicalId":54432,"journal":{"name":"Tellus Series B-Chemical and Physical Meteorology","volume":"41 1","pages":"828-842"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2000-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86437118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Terrestrial carbon sink in the Northern Hemisphere estimated from the atmospheric CO2 difference between Mauna Loa and the South Pole since 1959","authors":"S. Fan, T. Blaine, J. Sarmiento","doi":"10.3402/TELLUSB.V51I5.16499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3402/TELLUSB.V51I5.16499","url":null,"abstract":"The diVerence between Mauna Loa and South Pole atmospheric CO 2 concentrations from 1959 to the present scales linearly with CO 2 emissions from fossil fuel burning and cement production (together called fossil CO 2 ). An extrapolation to zero fossil CO 2 emission has been used to suggest that the atmospheric CO 2 concentration at Mauna Loa was 0.8 ppm less than that at the South Pole before the industrial revolution, associated with a northward atmospheric transport of about 1 Gt C yr −1 (Keeling et al. 1989a). Mass conservation requires an equal southward transport in the ocean. However, our ocean general circulation and biogeochemistry model predicts a much smaller pre-industrial carbon transport. Here, we present a new analysis of the Mauna Loa and South Pole CO 2 data, using a general circulation model and a 2-box model of the atmosphere. It is suggested that the present CO 2 diVerence between Mauna Loa and the South Pole is caused by, in addition to fossil CO 2 sources and sinks, a pre-industrial interhemispheric flux of 0.5–0.7 Gt C yr −1 , and a terrestrial sink of 0.8–1.2 Gt C yr −1 in the mid-latitude Northern Hemisphere, balanced by a tropical deforestation source that has been operating continuously in the period from 1959 to the present. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0889.1999.t01-4-00001.x","PeriodicalId":54432,"journal":{"name":"Tellus Series B-Chemical and Physical Meteorology","volume":"28 1","pages":"863-870"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"1999-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83504348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CO emissions from degrading plant matter (II).: Estimate of a global source strength","authors":"G. Schade, P. Crutzen","doi":"10.3402/TELLUSB.V51I5.16503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3402/TELLUSB.V51I5.16503","url":null,"abstract":"From relationships between integrated daily CO emissions and received solar radiation obtained for different standing dead grasses in field experiments in a savanna region in South Africa, and making use of ecosystem and solar irradiation databases, we derive estimates on global CO production and seasonality from photochemical decay of dry grasses and litter. The photochemical CO source strength from standing dead plant material and litter in various grassland ecosystems and deciduous forests ranges from 20 to 65 Tg CO per year (1 Tg = 10 12 g). Accounting for potentially CO emitting ecosystems not included in the data set, we estimate that 60 ± 30 Tg of CO are annually emitted by photochemical degradation of decaying plant matter, mostly in the tropics. We further estimate thermal CO production from the global topsoil non-woody litter pool on the basis of global climate data and measured Arrhenius parameters to add another 40 Tg CO per year, much depending on the chosen parameters, and probably uncertain by a factor of 2. The total global source of CO by these mechanisms may thus be in the range 100 +70 −50 Tg CO per year. Although the estimated CO source strength is a relatively small contribution to the global CO budget (2–8%), CO emissions may significantly compensate for CO deposition on soils in the tropics during certain times of the year. Currently, modelling studies mostly impose a constant CO deposition velocity from the atmosphere to the soil surface, based generally on measurements on bare soil. Future modelling efforts may need to include geographical and photochemical factors which play a role in CO exchange in tropical ecosystems. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0889.1999.t01-4-00004.x","PeriodicalId":54432,"journal":{"name":"Tellus Series B-Chemical and Physical Meteorology","volume":"10 1","pages":"909-918"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"1999-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91378971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling the production and cycling of dimethylsulphide during the vernal bloom in the Barents Sea","authors":"A. Gabric, P. Matrai, M. Vernet","doi":"10.3402/TELLUSB.V51I5.16505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3402/TELLUSB.V51I5.16505","url":null,"abstract":"Recent field work suggests an important ro^le for the Arctic Ocean in the global budget of dimethylsulphide (DMS), a climatically active volatile sulphur compound. Here, we have used an existing DMS production model and local field data to examine the temporal dynamics of the DMS cycle during the spring bloom in the Arctic shelf of the Barents Sea. The timing and duration of the spring phytoplankton bloom has been shown to be a key determinant of the flux of DMS to the atmosphere. Particular oceanic conditions due to the retreating ice-edge (e.g., a shallow mixed layer) can have an important effect on the timing of the phytoplankton bloom and thus the effux of DMS in this region. Model simulations support the view that algal taxonomy is not the most important factor determining DMS production in these waters. The mean vernal DMS flux is predicted to be 0.063 mg S m −2 d −1 which is in general agreement with previous summer season averages in the Arctic. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0889.1999.t01-4-00005.x","PeriodicalId":54432,"journal":{"name":"Tellus Series B-Chemical and Physical Meteorology","volume":"37 1","pages":"919-937"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"1999-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81402614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}