Transportation Research Part C-Emerging Technologies最新文献

{"title":"Emission trading scheme for emission reduction and equity promotion in multimode networks with heterogeneous users","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104771","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104771","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Air pollution caused by high transport-related emissions is already a serious problem, whereas user heterogeneity results in most of the existing emission reduction instruments cannot being applied in practice, despite reducing social inequity. In this paper, we propose an emission trading scheme (ETS) based on a dual-market mechanism in a multimode network with heterogeneous users in value of time (VOT), in order to primarily achieve the objective of emission reduction while taking equity promotion into account. Specifically, emission permits are issued in the primary market and travelers trade permits freely in the secondary market by bearing transaction cost which are assumed to be asymmetrically split between buyers and sellers. The High-Occupancy-Vehicle-based cyclic carbon emission permit (HOV-based CCEP) scheme is applied in the ETS as permit charges to better achieve the objectives. Unlike the previous studies of charging scheme, the compensatory permit rates in our model could be charged from private car (PC) passengers, waived for customized bus (CB) passengers and subsidized for public transit (PT) passengers. The market trading processes considering transaction cost and travel choice behaviors are formulated as a variational inequality problem (VIP). The multimode equilibrium solution of which is obtained by developing a relaxation algorithm with a multi-round iteration strategy. Finally, we conduct numerical experiments based on Braess and Sioux Falls networks to demonstrate the merits of the proposed model and reveal the results that highlight the importance of ETS and multiple public transport modes in the heterogeneous system for emission reduction and equity promotion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54417,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part C-Emerging Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141954225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Movement behaviour of pedestrians in knife-based terrorist attacks: An experimental approach","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104790","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104790","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Terrorist attacks have become both more frequent and deadlier in recent decades. Knife attacks by terrorists in particular are both high impact and relatively frequent. Understanding how individuals move when confronted by an attacker can save lives by informing the planning of transportation hubs, entertainment venues and other spaces where large numbers of people congregate. Using pedestrian dynamics to predict responses to such attacks has the potential to further improve the survival of those involved by providing insights to emergency service responders when a terrorist situation has occurred in a crowded venue. However, given the lack of appropriate data, it is currently impossible to accurately predict pedestrian movement responses to terrorist attacks. This paper describes a practical study that developed a methodology and implemented a set of experiments examining responses to knife-based attacks by an unexpected and hostile individual. The experiments used financial incentives and an ‘aggressor’ to recreate a knife-based terrorist attack in an ethically viable setting. The participants of this study (n = 80) were tracked using ultra wide-band sensors to provide temporal and spatial positional data in relation to the attacker and to each other. Participants subsequently completed a questionnaire to report their psychological response during the experiment, thus allowing psychological perception and movement responses to be compared.</p><p>The results show that participants were stressed and reported fear during the experiment, indicating that the experimental approach is a potentially valid proxy for a real-life attack. The analysis highlights that participants’ decisions to stay or run away were strongly influenced by the actions of other nearby participants, while participants’ continuous movement response (movement speed) was highly dependent on relative position to the aggressor. Participant demographics were a factor with female participants less likely to move and slower moving, while older participants were also slower moving. From these results we have been able to construct a model of how pedestrians may react when faced with a sudden attack. We discuss our findings and their potential to contribute to emergency planning and response, finally we comment on opportunities for further study.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54417,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part C-Emerging Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0968090X24003115/pdfft?md5=088a6dfdb84185c368dea0d531ec5d6c&pid=1-s2.0-S0968090X24003115-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141954224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The service network design problem with fleet and emissions management","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104769","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104769","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We propose the Service Network Design Problem with Fleet and Emissions Management (SND-FEM). This problem considers fleet management decisions regarding how many vehicles of each type (diesel, electric, hydrogen) a carrier should acquire as well as in what regions they should operate. The impact of these fleet-level decisions on customer service is captured by explicitly modeling the routing of shipments and vehicles while recognizing the consumption of limited onboard resources (diesel fuel, electrical energy, hydrogen). Thus, the problem also prescribes resource replenishment decisions, with an explicit recognition that the emissions and costs associated with resource replenishment can vary by region. The environmental impact of problem decisions is captured with a detailed accounting of Well-to-Wheel (WtW) emissions based on the framework proposed by the Global Logistics Emissions Council, a methodology that has become the industry standard. We propose a Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) formulation of the problem and consider two objectives: (i) transportation cost, and (ii) WtW emissions. With a case study based on carefully collected data from government and industry sources, we elaborate the potential of including novel power-train technologies in heavy-duty truck fleets to reduce both cost and emissions-based fleet performance measures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54417,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part C-Emerging Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0968090X24002900/pdfft?md5=7373b40f2f5ec3fe8afd900761a4b896&pid=1-s2.0-S0968090X24002900-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141960733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data-driven timetable design and passenger flow control optimization in metro lines","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104761","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104761","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As travel demands in metro systems continue to grow rapidly, the mismatch between passenger demand and metro capacity has become a critical challenge in metro operations. To address this issue, this paper investigates the collaborative optimization of train timetables and station-based passenger flow control under stochastic demand, which aims to minimize the total system cost while ensuring an adequate service level to each station. We formulate the research problem as a stochastic mixed-integer programming model with expected travel time cost constraints for each station and translate it into a multi-objective attainability problem by imposing a target on the objective value. We develop an efficient operation policy that determines the timetable and flow control decisions in response to each demand scenario, satisfying the objective and service level targets in the long term when feasible. We conduct extensive numerical experiments on both synthetic and real-world transit data to evaluate the performance of our approach. The results demonstrate that our approach outperforms the benchmark first-come-first-served policy in terms of efficiency and service fairness under both exogenous and endogenous demand distributions. The improvement achieved by our approach is attributed to the prioritization of short trips over long ones, effectively exploiting the reusable nature of train capacity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54417,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part C-Emerging Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0968090X24002821/pdfft?md5=628448b223f09cfc590d1d47e8df00e3&pid=1-s2.0-S0968090X24002821-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141960734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated optimization of train timetabling and rolling stock circulation problem with flexible short-turning and energy-saving strategies","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104756","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104756","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In daily operations, passenger demand for metro lines traversing city centers often exhibits pronounced tidal characteristics, particularly during morning and evening peak hours. Given the unbalanced spatial and temporal distribution of passenger demand in a bi-directional metro line, this paper investigates an integrated optimization method for train timetabling and rolling stock circulation plans with flexible short-turning and energy-saving strategies. In particular, this approach simultaneously considers constraints such as limited train capacity, turnaround operations, the finite number of available trains, and regenerative energy utilization. Firstly, by introducing decisions involving service frequency, service headway, train route selection, rolling stock circulation plan, and the overlap time indicator, a nonlinear integer programming (NLIP) model is formulated to minimize the weighted sum of passenger waiting time and energy costs, accounting for both passenger and operator perspectives. Subsequently, the model is reformulated into a quadratically constrained quadratic programming (QCQP) model which can be solved directly by commercial solvers. To address large-scale real-world experiments, an adaptive large neighborhood search (ALNS) algorithm is developed. Finally, numerical experiments are conducted on a simplified metro line and Fuzhou Metro Line 1. The results demonstrate that, compared to the full-length strategy, the proposed method reduces total passenger waiting time and energy costs by approximately 8.7% and 5.7%, respectively. Moreover, the methods could support decision-makers with different passenger and operator preferences.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54417,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part C-Emerging Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141960732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Participatory traffic control: Leveraging connected and automated vehicles to enhance network efficiency","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104757","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104757","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper aims to establish a framework of participatory traffic control, wherein connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) subtly influence the day-to-day adjustment process of human drivers, strategically redistributing traffic demand to enhance overall system efficiency. To address this complex challenge, we adopt the mean-field control framework, which enables us to model macroscopic interactions between CAVs and other travelers. After theoretically establishing the existence of the optimal policy, we leverage reinforcement learning algorithms to numerically solve the control problem. Distinct from existing approaches, our proposed method is scalable, model-free, distributed, and does not rely on the convergence properties of the underlying day-to-day traffic dynamics. It helps pave the way for the practical implementation of participatory traffic control.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54417,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part C-Emerging Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141736637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety relevant driver and bicyclist behaviors resulting from bicycling rolling stops observed in a networked driving and bicycling simulator","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104754","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104754","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bicycle Rolling Stop (BRS) laws refer to legislation that allows bicyclists to treat stop signs as yield signs. Many states have passed statutes or attempted to pass similar statutes with varying permissive actions for bicyclists in response to stop signs. Previous research has focused on crash data analysis and motivating factors of bicyclists performing a rolling stop when illegal under prevailing law. However, there is still no available research that evaluates the efficacy of BRS laws or analyzes the effect of BRS in states where it is permitted. To that end, this research used a networked driving and bicycling simulator experiment to evaluate drivers and bicyclists understanding of the BRS law. Sixty participants successfully completed a networked simulator experiment where a “live interaction” occurred at a stop-controlled intersection between a participant in the driving simulator and a participant in the bicycling simulator. Participants encountered 16 scenarios while riding or driving in the simulators. Time-space diagrams demonstrated that after receiving education related to the BRS law, bicyclists preferred to yield at stop signs and had a higher average speed through intersections. Driving participants’ trajectories showed that drivers approached intersections either slower or at a similar speed after education of the BRS law. Live interactions in the networked simulators validated results where bicycling participants interacted with virtually controlled passenger cars. The results from this method concluded that more outreach is needed with regard to BRS laws, and this research provides decision-makers with information to support future legislative policies, program educational initiatives, and design enforcement practices regarding BRS laws.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54417,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part C-Emerging Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141729664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macroscopic fundamental diagram with volume–delay relationship: Model derivation, empirical validation and invariance property","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104739","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104739","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents a macroscopic fundamental diagram model with volume–delay relationship (MFD-VD) for road traffic networks, by exploring two new data sources: license plate cameras (LPCs) and road congestion indices (RCIs). We derive a first-order, nonlinear and implicit ordinary differential equation involving the network accumulation (the <em>volume</em>) and average congestion index (the <em>delay</em>), and use empirical data from a 266 km<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> urban network to fit an accumulation-based MFD with <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>&gt;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>9</mn></mrow></math></span>. The issue of incomplete traffic volume observed by the LPCs is addressed with a theoretical derivation of the observability-invariant property: The ratio of traffic volume to the critical value (corresponding to the peak of the MFD) is independent of the (unknown) proportion of those detected vehicles. Conditions for such a property to hold are discussed in theory and verified empirically. This offers a practical way to estimate the ratio-to-critical-value, which is an important indicator of network saturation and efficiency, by simply working with a finite set of LPCs. The significance of our work is the introduction of two new data sources widely available to study empirical MFDs, as well as the removal of the assumptions of full observability, known detection rates, and spatially uniform sensors, which are typically required in conventional approaches based on loop detector and floating car data.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54417,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part C-Emerging Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141636722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An investigation of dissonance in telework frequency","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104712","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104712","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The remote work arrangement trend engendered by the pandemic continues to be prevalent today in most work sectors. But some employers have reverted to an all in-person office workday system recently, with no allowance for remote work despite their employees’ desire for such flexibility. At the same time, some employees may prefer more office-based workdays than what their employer is able to offer today based on office rotation schemes and office downsizing. The challenge to find a harmonious balance between employee and employer preferences and perceptions regarding telework raises the issue of telework frequency dissonance (TFD). The purpose of this study is to investigate this pandemic-induced TFD. The data for our study is derived from the third wave of the COVID Future Panel Survey which was deployed across the United States in the Fall of 2021. The survey includes information regarding employees' existing telework frequency (ETF) and ideal telework frequency (ITF). These two dimensions are jointly modeled as a function of socioeconomic and demographic explanatory variables. The findings from this study provide important insights regarding how best to balance employee and employer preferences regarding work arrangements. Given the important effects of work arrangements on commute and non-commute travel, the findings from our study should help inform land use and travel models regarding predicting our transportation future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54417,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part C-Emerging Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141729665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A fluid–particle decomposition approach to matching market design for crowdsourced delivery systems","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104738","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trc.2024.104738","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper considers a crowdsourced delivery (CSD) system that effectively utilizes the existing trips to fulfill parcel delivery as a matching problem between CSD drivers and delivery tasks. This matching problem has two major challenges. First, it is a large-scale combinatorial optimization problem that is hard to solve in a reasonable computational time. Second, the evaluation of the objective function for socially optimal matching contains the utility of drivers for performing the tasks, which is generally unobservable private information. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a hierarchical distribution mechanism of CSD tasks that decomposes the matching problem into the task partition (master problem) and individual task-driver matching within smaller groups of drivers (sub-problems). We incorporate an auction mechanism with truth-telling and efficiency into the sub-problems so that the drivers’ perceived utilities are revealed through their bids. Furthermore, we formulate the master problem as a fluid model based on continuously approximated decision variables. By exploiting the random utility framework, we analytically represent the objective function of the problem using continuous variables, without explicitly knowing the drivers’ utilities. The numerical experiment shows that the proposed approach solved large-scale matching problems at least 100 times faster than a naive LP solver and approximated the original objective value with errors of less than 1%. The code of this work is available at <span><span>https://github.com/yuki-oyama/fluid-particle-csd</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54417,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part C-Emerging Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0968090X24002596/pdfft?md5=5303f73dbb44ccdbad4a74ef594425cc&pid=1-s2.0-S0968090X24002596-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141630174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}