Water Quality Research Journal of Canada最新文献

{"title":"Water reuse through managed aquifer recharge (MAR): assessment of regulations/guidelines and case studies","authors":"Jie Yuan, M. I. Dyke, P. Huck","doi":"10.2166/WQRJC.2016.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/WQRJC.2016.022","url":null,"abstract":"Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) with reclaimed water is an important water reuse application. As an intentional way of recharging water into aquifers, MAR can be used to address water shortages and contribute to sustainable water resources management practices. The establishment of a MAR system depends on the source of recharge water, the selection of a recharge method and site, the type of water treatment system, and the ultimate purpose of recovered water, and these components are closely related and integrated. However, at present, detailed regulations or guidelines that specifically guide MAR with reclaimed water are unavailable in most countries. The complexity of MAR systems and the lack of a sophisticated regulatory framework increase the difficulties of MAR implementation. This review provides an introduction to MAR with reclaimed water and a comparison of current worldwide water reuse regulations or guidelines, including a proposed approach for MAR implementation. An analysis of selected MAR with reclaimed water case studies was also done within the context of this proposed approach. This paper recommends the development of specific regulatory or design criteria, including a complete quantitative risk assessment framework for the evaluation and operation of MAR systems.","PeriodicalId":54407,"journal":{"name":"Water Quality Research Journal of Canada","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2166/WQRJC.2016.022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67982318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inter-laboratory validation of automated SPME-GC/MS for determination of pesticides in surface and ground water samples: sensitive and green alternative to liquid–liquid extraction","authors":"Ángel Rodríguez-Lafuente, Hamed Piri-Moghadam, H. Lord, Terry Obal, J. Pawliszyn","doi":"10.2166/WQRJC.2016.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/WQRJC.2016.011","url":null,"abstract":"An automated solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography/mass spectometry (SPME-GC/MS) method was developed for the determination of semi-volatile pesticides from several classes with a wide range of polarities in an environmental matrix, and validated according to the rigorous standards of a large commercial laboratory reporting data requiring regulatory acceptance with the purpose of being used as a standard test protocol. The target analytes showed a detection limit of 0.05–1 μg L−1, good calibration linearity (R2 > 0.99) with a wide linear range of 0.05–20 μg L−1, and accuracy in the range of 80–110 at three levels of calibration with relative standard deviation below 7% by commercial polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB) SPME fiber. An extensive study between SPME and liquid–liquid extraction as a reference US EPA method was performed from several analytical aspects including sensitivity, accuracy, repeatability, and greenness. The SPME method was validated through split blind analyses of 16 fortified surface and ground water samples within 4 months at Maxxam Analytics, the reference laboratory, and the University of Waterloo. Both methods were shown to be very accurate, with the highest frequency of results falling in the 70–130% accuracy range. The SPME method was shown to be more sensitive than the LLE, while requiring a lower volume of sample.","PeriodicalId":54407,"journal":{"name":"Water Quality Research Journal of Canada","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2166/WQRJC.2016.011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67982199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phosphorus sorption kinetics and sorption capacity in agricultural drainage ditch sediments in reclaimed land, Kasaoka Bay, Japan","authors":"Huy V. Nguyen, M. Maeda","doi":"10.2166/WQRJC.2016.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/WQRJC.2016.019","url":null,"abstract":"Equilibrium analysis is essential to evaluate sorption capacity and to determine whether sediment acts as a source or sink of phosphorus (P). This study was carried out to determine whether or not the sediment in drainage ditches acts as a source or sink of P, evaluate phosphorus sorption kinetics, and determine the potential P sorption by using the Langmuir isotherm sorption model. Surface sediment (0–10 cm) and the overlying water were collected from three drainage ditches for the experiments. Results showed that the drainage ditch that was the most contaminated with P had the highest sediment zero-equilibrium phosphorus concentration (EPC 0 ). Because sediment EPC 0 of the three ditches was higher than water P concentration, they acted as a sink of P across the sediment interface. The kinetic sorption of sediments consisted of two stages that were quick and slow, regardless of the sampling sites. The amounts of P sorbed to sediments at equilibrium ( Q e ) ranged from 50.8 to 77.5 mg kg −1 . Phosphorus sorption capacity ( Q max ) of sediments ranged from 447.0–493.8 mg kg −1 with the constant related to binding energy ( K ) (0.140–0.171 L mg −1 ). The results from this study indicate the importance of ditch sediment in controlling P dynamics in discharge from agricultural farms.","PeriodicalId":54407,"journal":{"name":"Water Quality Research Journal of Canada","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2166/WQRJC.2016.019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67982211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-treatment of old landfill leachate and municipal wastewater in sequencing batch reactor (SBR): effect of landfill leachate concentration","authors":"K. Ranjan, Shubhrasekhar Chakraborty, Mohini Verma, J. Iqbal, R. N. Kumar","doi":"10.2166/WQRJC.2016.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/WQRJC.2016.020","url":null,"abstract":"Sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was assessed for direct co-treatment of old landfill leachate and municipal wastewater for chemical oxygen demand (COD), nutrients and turbidity removal. Nitrogen removal was achieved by sequential nitrification and denitrification under post-anoxic conditions. Initially, SBR operating conditions were optimized by varying hydraulic retention time (HRT) at 20% (v/v) landfill leachate concentration, and results showed that 6 d HRT was suitable for co-treatment. SBR performance was assessed in terms of COD, ammonia, nitrate, phosphate, and turbidity removal efficiency. pH, mixed liquor suspended solids, mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS), and sludge volume index were monitored to evaluate stability of SBR. MLVSS indicated that biomass was able to grow even at higher concentrations of old landfill leachate. Ammonia and nitrate removal efficiency was more than 93% and 83%, respectively, whereas COD reduction was in the range of 60–70%. Phosphate and turbidity removal efficiency was 80% and 83%, respectively. Microbial growth kinetic parameters indicated that there was no inhibition of biomass growth up to 20% landfill leachate. The results highlighted that SBR can be used as an initial step for direct co-treatment of landfill leachate and municipal wastewater.","PeriodicalId":54407,"journal":{"name":"Water Quality Research Journal of Canada","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2166/WQRJC.2016.020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67982253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protein to polysaccharide ratio in EPS as an indicator of non-optimized operation of tertiary nitrifying MBBR","authors":"Baisha Ren, B. Young, F. Variola, R. Delatolla","doi":"10.2166/WQRJC.2016.040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/WQRJC.2016.040","url":null,"abstract":"The protein (PN), polysaccharide (PS), and extracellular DNA (eDNA) percent concentrations of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of biofilms samples harvested from a pilot-scale nitrifying moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) were investigated at various operating temperatures and hydraulic retention times (HRTs). Chemically measured EPS PN/PS ratios were shown to correlate to Raman intensity ratios of amide III to carbohydrate at 362 rel. cm−1. The study also demonstrates that tertiary nitrifying MBBR systems may be optimized to operate at HRTs as low as 0.75 to 1.0 h as opposed to conventional HRTs of 2.0 to 6.0 h. The EPS of the nitrifying MBBR biofilm exhibited the lowest percent PN content and the highest percent PSs and eDNA content. In particular, the PN/PS ratios lower than 3 were indicative of non-optimal operation of the nitrifying MBBR systems; whereas PN/PS ratios with values significantly below 3 were observed for ammonia underloaded systems at high operating temperatures and hydraulically overloaded systems at low HRTs. This study demonstrates that the PN/PS ratio in EPS is a potential metric to identify non-optimal operation of nitrifying MBBR systems.","PeriodicalId":54407,"journal":{"name":"Water Quality Research Journal of Canada","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2166/WQRJC.2016.040","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67983276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of a microwave-assisted extraction procedure for the determination of selected alkyl, aryl, and halogenated phenols in sewage sludge and biosolids","authors":"Hing‐Biu Lee, M. Svoboda, T. Peart, S. Smyth","doi":"10.2166/WQRJC.2016.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/WQRJC.2016.002","url":null,"abstract":"A microwave-assisted extraction method for the determination of 15 alkyl, aryl, and halogenated phenols in sewage sludge and biosolids samples was developed and optimized. The effects of solvent, temperature, time, moisture content, acid, and number of extractions on the recovery of phenols were evaluated. Results indicated that extraction solvent had the greatest impact on the recovery of all phenols while pH had the largest effect on recovery of hexachlorophene and pentachlorophenol. Wet sludge samples were extracted with acetone-hexane mixture in the presence of glacial acetic acid. The extract was evaporated, acetylated by acetic anhydride and cleaned up by silica gel. For dry sludge samples, an optional procedure for the simultaneous extraction and acetylation of phenols was also proposed. Triclosan (TCS) and the alkyl and aryl phenols in sludge extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in electron-impact mode while polyhalogenated phenols were analyzed by GC-MS in negative ion chemical ionization mode. Method detection limits were ca. 200 ng/g for nonylphenol,","PeriodicalId":54407,"journal":{"name":"Water Quality Research Journal of Canada","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2166/WQRJC.2016.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67982148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Membrane fouling remediation in ultrafiltration of latex contaminated wastewater","authors":"A. Abdelrasoul, H. Doan, A. Lohi","doi":"10.2166/WQRJC.2015.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/WQRJC.2015.011","url":null,"abstract":"The current study aimed to remediate membrane fouling by latex effluent by altering membrane surface charge or ionic strength of the effluent. Hydrophilic polysulfone and Ultrafilic flat membranes, with molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) of 60,000 and 100,000, respectively, and hydrophobic polyvinylidene difluoride membrane (PVDF; MWCO 100,000) were used under a constant flow rate and in cross-flow mode for ultrafiltration of latex effluent. The effect of linear alkyl benzene sulfonate (LAS) on the ionic strength of the effluent and the zeta potential of latex particles was investigated. LAS was also used to improve the anti-fouling properties of the membrane surface. The ionic strength of latex effluent was increased by raising its pH from 7 to 12, resulting in an increase of the zeta potential negativity of the latex particles from −26.61 to −42.66 mV. LAS was found to be an ineffective pretreatment for limiting the fouling propensity of latex effluent using hydrophilic membranes even at high concentration and long treatment times. It was concluded that LAS-treated membrane surface is much more favorable than pH changed feed pretreatment. The total mass of fouling decreased by 44.00 and 29.60%, when PVDF membrane surface was treated with LAS at a concentration of 1 × 10−4 g/L, and latex effluent at pH 11 was used, respectively.","PeriodicalId":54407,"journal":{"name":"Water Quality Research Journal of Canada","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2166/WQRJC.2015.011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67981961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Marine and freshwater quality management","authors":"Bing Chen, Yinchen Ma, Baiyu Zhang","doi":"10.2166/WQRJC.2016.000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/WQRJC.2016.000","url":null,"abstract":"Marine and freshwater are the essential components of the earth's hydrosphere and their quality management has been one of the most critical and overriding challenges for all the involved researchers, engineers and decision makers around the globe. The availability of the world's scarce water resources is increasingly limited due to the worsening pollution problems caused by the release of diverse, large quantities of pollutants from point or non-point sources into rivers, lakes, and oceans. Through the food chain, these pollutants can cause acute or chronic effects on the health of aquatic organisms and human beings. Within a global changing context, more effective quality management of marine and freshwater systems demands continuously improved knowledge and technologies, sound decisions and best practices, and benign legal and socio-economic environments to cope with the situation.\u0000\u0000This special issue on marine and freshwater quality management contains the selected papers presented during the International Conference on Marine and Freshwater Environments (iMFE2014), which was held in St. John's, Canada, from August 6 to 8, 2014. The conference was organized jointly by the 2014 Atlantic Symposium of the Canadian Association on Water Quality, the 2014 Annual General Meeting and 30th Anniversary Celebration of the Canadian Society for Civil Engineering Newfoundland and Labrador Section, the 2014 Annual Conference of the International Society for Environmental Information Sciences, and the 2nd International Conference of Coastal Biotechnology of the Chinese Society of Marine Biotechnology and Chinese Academy of Sciences. The areas of scientific interest on which over 110 papers and posters were presented in the conference covered an impressively wide range of topics with significant added-value for scientists, engineers, researchers and policy makers in the field. After a rigorous peer-review process, eight papers have been selected for publication in this special issue, addressing the following topics: (1) environmental modeling, risk assessment …","PeriodicalId":54407,"journal":{"name":"Water Quality Research Journal of Canada","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2166/WQRJC.2016.000","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67982127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of water resources assessment for nuclear power plants in China","authors":"Xiaowen Ding, Wei Wang, G. Huang, Qingwei Chen, G. Wei","doi":"10.2166/WQRJC.2015.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/WQRJC.2015.023","url":null,"abstract":"To deal with global warming and energy shortages, the nuclear power industry has flourished in China. Operation of a nuclear power plant consumes a large amount of water and discharges radioactive wastewater into nearby water bodies. Therefore, assessment and management of water resources are crucial for such projects. This article proposes the contents, procedures and methods of water resources assessment for nuclear power plants in China. Taking a pioneering inland plant as an example, a case study was also developed. It was suggested that assessment of water resources for a nuclear power plant in China should focus on regional water resources analyses, rationality of water-draw and water use of a plant, feasibility of water sources and impacts of water-draw and wastewater discharge on regional water resources. The proposed processes mainly included site survey and data collection, work outline completion and approval, water resources assessment, assessment report completion, expert consultation and public participation, and technological review, as well as administrative approval. The methods presented were referring to legal documents, site survey, model simulation, expert consultation and public participation. Finally, suggestions, including comparing and selecting of several optional sites, improving impact assessment of radioactive wastewater discharge and enhancing public participation, were also proposed.","PeriodicalId":54407,"journal":{"name":"Water Quality Research Journal of Canada","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2166/WQRJC.2015.023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67982149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water insecurity in Indigenous Canada: a community-based inter-disciplinary approach","authors":"M. Hanrahan, A. Sarkar, A. Hudson","doi":"10.2166/WQRJC.2015.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/WQRJC.2015.010","url":null,"abstract":"Water insecurity in Northern Indigenous communities in Canada remains a pressing problem, with multiple dimensions and health impacts. We carried out a case study of long-term water insecurity in the Southern Inuit island community of Black Tickle, Labrador, where there is no piped water and people rely on an under-funded potable water dispensing unit (PWDU) and unmonitored water sources. Our community-based multi-disciplinary project involved qualitative and quantitative methods including key informant interviews, focus groups, a census, a literature review, water testing, and an engineering site visit. In Black Tickle, water security was chronically and severely compromised and was linked to poverty, food insecurity, men9s health, and mental health. We have taken a materialist approach; accordingly, later project phases involve research aimed at identifying appropriate solutions, and conducting pre-engineering and engineering work. This article reports on the first two phases of the project, through which we described the problem and identified its impacts.","PeriodicalId":54407,"journal":{"name":"Water Quality Research Journal of Canada","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2166/WQRJC.2015.010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67981950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}