Environmental Management最新文献

{"title":"AI-Enabled Digitalization and Environmental Practices in Municipal Waste Management: Pathways to Climate Sustainability in Pakistan","authors":"Muhammad Ahsan Iqbal,&nbsp;Asifa Muhammad Sabir,&nbsp;Kundan Kumar,&nbsp;Md Mahfujul Islam","doi":"10.1007/s00267-026-02573-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00267-026-02573-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rapid urbanization and the intensifying pressures of climate change have elevated solid waste management (SWM) as a critical public service challenge. Evidence on the joint mediating effects of digital transformation and environmental governance between municipal SWM and climate sustainability remains questionable. This study examines the role of SWM in promoting climate sustainability by evaluating environmental management practices and AI-enabled digitalization. Data were collected from 406 employees across seven Water and Sanitation Service Companies (WSSCs) in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, using a cross-sectional survey with a structured and validated instrument. The analytical approach involved Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with bootstrapped mediation analysis (5000 resamples), executed in SPSS and AMOS software. The study measured waste management effectiveness, environmental practices, AI-enabled digital systems, and sustainability outcomes across economic–environmental–social nexus. Findings reveal a significant positive relationship between effective SWM and climate sustainability (β = 0.41, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Environmental practices including regulatory compliance, pollution control, and workforce training along with AI-driven digital capabilities including real-time tracking, route optimization, electronic service reporting, and data dashboards play a strong mediating role (indirect effects: ENV = 0.13; DIG = 0.12; joint = 0.21). The results suggest that municipal waste systems achieve greater climate benefits when routine operations are supported by integrated environmental management and smart digital technologies. The study contributes to the research on sustainable models, circular economy, and smart urban governance, offering policy guidance for municipal authorities in Pakistan, through AI-enabled tools and solutions, environmental governance practices, and SDG-aligned incentives.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":543,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Management","volume":"76 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13437572/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148668102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating Remote Sensing and Positive Deviance to Identify Scalable Forest Conservation Practices in Northern Ghana","authors":"Anthony Kwabena Sarfo,&nbsp;Michael Darko Ahwireng,&nbsp;Raphael J. Nawrotzki,&nbsp;Basma Hassan,&nbsp;Nelson Nyabanyi N-yanbini,&nbsp;Robin Nowok,&nbsp;Joy Heitlinger","doi":"10.1007/s00267-026-02566-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00267-026-02566-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>While the role of trees in supporting climate resilience is well established, less is known about why some rural communities manage to maintain forest cover despite facing similar environmental and socio-economic constraints. This study addresses that gap by applying the Data-Powered Positive Deviance (DPPD) framework to identify and examine locally embedded forest conservation practices in Northern Ghana. Using satellite-derived vegetation indices, we identified communities that performed better or worse than expected in terms of forest-cover change and paired them for comparative analysis, complemented by qualitative fieldwork exploring the social, institutional, and behavioral factors shaping these outcomes. The results point to a consistent set of practices associated with higher forest retention: the economic use of tree products, the integration of trees into land boundary demarcation, and the presence of functioning community-level forest governance structures. Together, these elements, referred to as a “golden mix,” illustrate how everyday livelihood strategies and local institutions can reinforce forest conservation. By combining geospatial analysis with community-level insights, the study demonstrates a practical approach for identifying contextually grounded conservation strategies. Although the findings are specific to Northern Ghana, they provide a basis for exploring similar, locally driven pathways to forest conservation and climate resilience in comparable semi-arid settings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":543,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Management","volume":"76 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148652762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Catchment–Wetland Associations Based on Multiscale Landscape Structure and Hydro-Ecological Indicators at Bakhira Ramsar Site, India","authors":"Manish Rawat,&nbsp;Ashish Pandey,&nbsp;Basant Yadav,&nbsp;Praveen Kumar Gupta","doi":"10.1007/s00267-026-02576-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00267-026-02576-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Wetland condition in floodplain landscapes is influenced by seasonal hydrology, catchment land-use change, and landscape fragmentation. This study assessed long-term catchment–wetland associations and hydro-ecological condition at Bakhira Ramsar Site, India, from 1990 to 2023 using Landsat-derived indices, FRAGSTATS-based landscape metrics, LULC transformation analysis, Pearson correlation, Redundancy Analysis, and a Pressure–State–Response-based Wetland Health Index. The Modified Normalized Difference Water Index, Water-Adjusted Vegetation Index, Enhanced Aquatic Vegetation Index, and Floating Algae Index were used to evaluate open-water extent, aquatic vegetation, macrophyte condition, and floating algae. Results showed a persistent decline in wetland water extent, with decreasing trends of −46.62 ha yr⁻¹ during pre-monsoon and −37.30 ha yr⁻¹ during post-monsoon. Increasing EAVI and FAI values indicated expansion of aquatic vegetation and floating algae. Catchment cropland increased from 61.62 km² in 2000 to 116.17 km² in 2022, while fallow land decreased from 138.15 to 70.10 km² and marshy wetland declined from 54.77 to 28.80 km², indicating loss of buffering areas. Correlation analysis showed strong seasonal linkages, including positive relationships between catchment waterbody LPI and wetland water LPI (<i>r</i> = 0.90) and PROX (<i>r</i> = 0.98) during pre-monsoon, and between catchment waterbody COHESION and wetland water COHESION (<i>r</i> = 0.77) during post-monsoon. RDA provided multivariate support for interpreting these linkages, explaining 30.70% and 49.26% of wetland-response variation in the pre- and post-monsoon seasons, respectively, and the results were interpreted as indicating associations rather than causation. The WHI classified Bakhira Wetland as Moderate in both seasons, with mean values increasing from 0.52 in pre-monsoon to 0.58 in post-monsoon. These findings provide a practical framework for Ramsar monitoring, restoration prioritization, and catchment-based wetland management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":543,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Management","volume":"76 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148652791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rural Outmigration and its Double-edged Effects on Community Forestry Ecology and Governance","authors":"Rubina Adhikari,&nbsp;Truly Santika","doi":"10.1007/s00267-026-02571-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00267-026-02571-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Community forestry (CF) is widely regMarquardt K,arded as an effective decentralized governance model that delivers both social and ecological benefits. Yet, accelerating rural outmigration, driven by economic pressures and shifting generational priorities, is reshaping community demographics and challenging CF governance, a dynamic that remains empirically underexplored. Addressing this gap, this study investigates how outmigration affects forest cover, community reliance on forest resources, and the level of community participation in forestry, using both primary and secondary data from Sindhupalchowk, Nepal. Community participation in forestry is assessed across multiple dimensions, including operational activities, decision-making, and meeting attendance. The findings indicate that population decline, primarily driven by limited local livelihood opportunities, is associated with forest regeneration, suggesting that outmigration may contribute to ecological recovery. Concurrently, increasing depopulation corresponds with reduced reliance on forest resources, reflecting a broader transformation in local livelihood practices. However, this depopulation also weakens community engagement in forest management. Higher migration rates reduce participation in operational activities, decision-making, and meetings, with unemployment-driven migration having the strongest negative impact on decision-making. Overall, while reduced population pressure may support forest recovery, it simultaneously undermines local community participation, particularly in critical decision-making processes influenced by unemployment-related migration. These findings reveal a double-edged dynamic: declining populations reduce resource pressures and enable forest recovery yet concurrently weaken participatory governance and undermine the long-term socio-ecological functioning of CF systems. These findings highlight the need for adaptive strategies that align forest recovery with institutional renewal to sustain inclusive and effective CF in the context of continued demographic change.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":543,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Management","volume":"76 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00267-026-02571-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148628458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying the Impact of Winter Cover Crops on Sediment Export in Small Agricultural Watersheds and Beyond","authors":"Abagael N. Pruitt,&nbsp;Jennifer L. Tank,&nbsp;Shannon L. Speir,&nbsp;Ursula H. Mahl,&nbsp;Mohamed Aboelnour,&nbsp;Anna E. S. Vincent,&nbsp;Todd V. Royer","doi":"10.1007/s00267-026-02578-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00267-026-02578-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Agricultural land use increases the potential for soil erosion when the absence of vegetative cover during the fallow period makes fields vulnerable to runoff. Soil erosion can decrease crop yields and increase sedimentation in downstream water bodies. Agricultural conservation practices, such as the planting of winter cover crops, may protect soils and reduce erosion. To quantify the effect of cover crop use on field- and watershed-scale sediment export, we measured turbidity from tile drains and monitored continuous turbidity at the outlets of two agricultural watersheds in Indiana, USA, over seven water years (Oct 2016–Oct 2022). The watersheds differed in cover crop coverage: Shatto Ditch Watershed (23–68% coverage) and Kirkpatrick Ditch Watershed (8–30% coverage). We related turbidity to total suspended solids (TSS) using grab samples, and generated a record of daily TSS loads. We found that, on average, TSS losses from tiles draining fields with cover crops were 26% lower than fields without cover crops at Shatto, and 65% lower at Kirkpatrick (paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001 for both watersheds). Average annual TSS yield from Shatto (159 kg/ha/yr) was 30% less than Kirkpatrick (226 kg/ha/yr). We also explored how TSS yields in these two small agricultural watersheds compared to TSS yields in river basins in the state of Indiana, and found that Kirkpatrick yields were significantly higher than the three major basins (ANOVA; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), but Shatto TSS yields were not (ANOVA; <i>p</i> &gt; 0.1). Overall, cover crops may reduce sediment loss from agricultural landscapes, especially during high-risk periods, helping protect sensitive downstream waters.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":543,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Management","volume":"76 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00267-026-02578-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148628459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Increasing riparian vegetation cover to improve water quality: the importance of considering land use","authors":"Payton A. J. Te Ngaio,&nbsp;Joseph M. McMahon,&nbsp;Deanna van den Berg,&nbsp;Al Healy,&nbsp;Ryan D. R. Turner,&nbsp;Angela Marsh","doi":"10.1007/s00267-026-02563-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00267-026-02563-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":543,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Management","volume":"76 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00267-026-02563-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148590180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Divergent Temporal Trends in Brown Bear Survival and Reproductive Indices Shaped By Seasonal Vegetation Dynamics and Urban Expansion","authors":"Farid Salmanpour,&nbsp;Zahra Shakoori,&nbsp;Mehdi Tizrouyan,&nbsp;Mahan Salmanpour,&nbsp;Sanaz Nouri,&nbsp;Mehdi Kia,&nbsp;Rahman Eshaghi,&nbsp;Alireza Ebrahimi","doi":"10.1007/s00267-026-02562-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00267-026-02562-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Long-term monitoring of threatened carnivores provides rare insight into how environmental change shapes population dynamics. We analyzed 27 years (1997–2023) of standardized visual observations from the Golestanak Core Zone, a high-altitude, strictly protected area within the Central Alborz Protected Area (CAPA) in northern Iran, which represents one of the most reproductively active habitats for the Syrian brown bear (<i>Ursus arctos syriacus</i>). Intensive daily ranger patrols during the snow-free season enabled reliable detection of solitary bears, females with cubs, and cubs, allowing robust quantification of population trends and reproductive output. Population indices were assessed in the Golestanak Core Zone using the Bear Litter Size Index (BLSi) and Bear Sighting Rate Index (BSRi), while habitat and environmental predictors, including land cover, NDVI, and seasonal weather variables, were derived from MODIS products and local synoptic stations and aggregated at the CAPA landscape scale. We combined linear regression with generalized linear models (GLMs) to link key environmental drivers to population indices, carefully selecting and validating models to ensure robust and ecologically meaningful inference. BSRi revealed contrasting trends: solitary bears increased markedly, females with cubs declined slightly, and cubs exhibited a weak positive trajectory, all with substantial interannual variability. BLSi rose overall from ~1.25 to 1.70 cubs per female, despite yearly fluctuations. GLM results indicated that BSRi and BLSi were strongly influenced by seasonal vegetation and human-modified landscapes. For both indices, higher NDVI in winter was consistently associated with lower values, whereas urban and built-up areas positively affected BSRi and BLSi. Other variables, including forest type and seasonal climate, had weaker and model-dependent effects. In the absence of long-term datasets and studies, this research provides one of the most extensive assessments of brown bear population fluctuations under a complex set of environmental variables in a high-elevation, human-influenced ecosystem, offering valuable insights for designing effective conservation strategies to support this threatened subspecies in today’s rapidly changing world.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":543,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Management","volume":"76 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148560478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contesting and Integrating Multiple Ways of Knowing in Collaborative Natural Resource Governance","authors":"Molly C. Levy,&nbsp;Vicken Hillis,&nbsp;Hailey Wilmer,&nbsp;Lauren M. Porensky,&nbsp;Dave Pellatz,&nbsp;Rebecca Som Castellano","doi":"10.1007/s00267-026-02558-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00267-026-02558-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Collaborative governance is increasingly used to address complex natural resource issues, yet integrating diverse ways of knowing remains a persistent challenge. This study investigates how stakeholders engage with scientific, experiential, and administrative ways of knowing (WoKs) in a collaborative effort to manage public rangelands in the Thunder Basin ecoregion of Wyoming, USA. Drawing on qualitative data from interviews, a focus group, and participant observation, we examine how participants articulate and engage with different WoKs to inform land management goals, shape perceptions of knowledge legitimacy, and influence attitudes toward collaboration. Findings suggest that knowledge is strategically interpreted and relationally constructed through participants’ institutional roles, values, and social positions. While collaboration created opportunities for mutual learning, it also surfaced tensions around credibility, authority, and representation. Participants who were open to epistemic humility and treated knowledge as a tool for governance were better positioned to foster integration. These findings contribute to our understanding of collaborative governance by illustrating how epistemic dynamics shape interaction, learning, and decision-making within a multi-stakeholder process. More broadly, this case contributes to a growing recognition that meaningful collaboration requires moving beyond stakeholder diversity to critical engagement with how knowledge is produced, negotiated, and used in decision-making.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":543,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Management","volume":"76 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13391702/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148547492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intergenerational Knowledge Exchange in Japanese Biosphere Reserves: Community Perceptions from Aya and Mount Hakusan","authors":"Aida Mammadova,&nbsp;Bernadette Ekua Bedua Afful,&nbsp;Racheal Fosu Donkoh,&nbsp;Saku Monden,&nbsp;Seira Harada,&nbsp;Denise Margaret Matias","doi":"10.1007/s00267-026-02560-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00267-026-02560-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study explores community perception of how traditional knowledge is transmitted across generations within two Japanese UNESCO Biosphere Reserves (BRs): Aya and Mount Hakusan. Using a mixed-methods approach combining surveys and interviews with elders, youth, community leaders, and local entrepreneurs, the research examines how respondents perceive intergenerational exchange as a support for sustainable practices and ecotourism-based livelihoods. Across both sites, traditional ecological knowledge is widely recognized by participants as essential for cultural continuity and community resilience, and younger generations view elders as key knowledge holders. However, reported differences in social and governance contexts shape how knowledge is perceived to be shared: respondents indicate that Aya’s cohesive, single-town BR facilitates regular, structured exchanges, while the multi-municipality structure of Mount Hakusan creates challenges for coordination and youth engagement. Overall, the findings suggest that fostering effective intergenerational learning strengthens conservation values, supports sustainable entrepreneurship, and fosters cultural bridging within and beyond local communities. The study highlights the importance of policies that cultivate shared learning spaces, mentorship networks, and community-based education to sustain traditional knowledge in rural regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":543,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Management","volume":"76 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00267-026-02560-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148459066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-Cost Monitoring of Spatiotemporal Changes in Forest Cover: Implications for Conservation in a Case in Quindío (Colombia)","authors":"María Eunice Quintero-Gallego,&nbsp;Alexander Ariza,&nbsp;José Joaquín Vila-Ortega,&nbsp;Mauricio Quintero-Ángel,&nbsp;Gloria Yaneth Florez-Yepes","doi":"10.1007/s00267-026-02491-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00267-026-02491-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Globally, changes in forest cover and fragmentation are a conservation concern. Updated information on their state is required, but it is often costly and difficult to obtain. This study evaluated the feasibility of using low-cost technologies, such as freely available remote sensing data and software, to monitor spatiotemporal changes in forest cover and their relationship to landscape dynamics in terms of structure, shape, and configuration. The latter, using a tropical ecosystem in Quindío (Colombia), between 2002 and 2019, as an example. This is particularly relevant given the complexities of land cover classification in tropical ecosystems and the presence of red howler monkeys (<i>Alouatta seniculus</i>), whose populations are threatened by changes in landscape dynamics. Satellite imagery (Landsat 7, Landsat 8, and Sentinel-2) and a 30-m Digital Elevation Model were processed using analysis algorithms: CART, Random Forest, Naive Bayes, and Support Vector Machine using six spectral indices (NDVI;EVI;SAVI;CIgreen;NDBI;NDWI). The classifications with the highest Kappa index for the Fragstats analysis were CART for 2002 under spectral bands with topographic variables (C4), and Random Forest for 2014 and 2019 under spectral indices with topographic variables (C5). The combination of spectral indices and topographic variables (C5) with Random Forest achieved the highest performance, with Kappa values up to 0.882 and detection accuracy above 95%. The latter, indicating superior capability for detecting land cover changes. Landscape metrics were also calculated using six indicators (NP,LPI, AREA_MN,SHAPE_MN,FRAC_MN,ENN_MN). Between 2002 and 2019, forest cover decreased by 4.05%, from 77.42% to 73.37%, reflecting quantifiable landscape transformation during the study period. The results demonstrate that open-source remote sensing data and software are useful and reliable to study land cover dynamics, while reducing processing costs, time, and resource demands. This cost-efficiency is particularly relevant in the Global South, where technological and budgetary constraints often limit effective monitoring of landscape change and informed conservation decision-making.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":543,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Management","volume":"76 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00267-026-02491-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148458844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}