Epidemiologie Mikrobiologie Imunologie最新文献

{"title":"Tracking the dynamics of antibody production against the SARS-CoV-2 virus after two doses of the mRNA vaccine BNT162b2.","authors":"M Malý, A Fialová, H Zákoucká, V Němeček, H Orlíková, J Kynčl, R Limberková","doi":"10.61568/emi/11-6445/20250128/139686","DOIUrl":"10.61568/emi/11-6445/20250128/139686","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>An observational study was conducted from 2021 to 2022 to track the dynamics of the production of IgG antibody against the SARS-CoV-2 S protein in individuals vaccinated with two doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 (Comirnaty). The study included a group of volunteers without any previous signs of SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as a group with a history of natural COVID-19 infection. The primary objective was to monitor antibody levels up to 12 months after the second dose and determine the proportion of vaccinated individuals who underwent seroconversion. The study also evaluated cases of vaccine failure within 13 months post-vaccination.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Before the vaccination began, participants had laboratory tests for IgG antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 S protein, and their medical history related to COVID-19 was taken. Based on negative test results, a cohort of immunologically naïve individuals was formed and subsequently vaccinated with two doses of BNT162b2 (Comirnaty). Venous blood samples were collected at six time points: before the first dose, 2-3 weeks after the first dose, one month after the second dose, 3-4 months after the second dose, 6 months after the second dose, and 12 months after the second dose. A supplementary cohort included volunteers with positive antibody findings or confirmed COVID-19 infection. In some of these individuals, the dynamics of post-vaccination antibody response was also monitored. Participants filled out monthly questionnaires about respiratory infection symptoms to detect vaccine failure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 166 participants who did not have SARS-CoV-2 S protein antibodies prior to vaccination. The median age was 52 years, with a higher proportion of women (71.1%). After the first and second doses of the vaccine, antibody levels showed a significant increase, followed by a gradual decline over 12 months. Seroconversion occurred in all participants except for one immunosuppressed individual. The vaccine failure rate against COVID-19 within 12 months was 13.3%. The second cohort included 60 participants with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this group, post-vaccination antibody levels increased significantly, more than in individuals without prior infection. The second dose did not result in further statistically significant increase in antibody levels for this cohort.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study confirmed that the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine induces a strong antibody response, with the majority of participants experiencing seroconversion after the first dose. Older individuals exhibited a lower antibody response, highlighting the importance of booster doses. In individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, antibody levels were significantly higher after the first vaccine dose than in naïve individuals. These findings add to understanding antibody response dynamics and suggest the need for further resea","PeriodicalId":54374,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologie Mikrobiologie Imunologie","volume":"74 1","pages":"44-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144217591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shigellosis: an update on the disease and analysis of human cases in the Czech Republic, 2018-2023.","authors":"M Špačková, J Košťálová, A Pierzynová, R Chlíbek","doi":"10.61568/emi/11-6445/20250128/139685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61568/emi/11-6445/20250128/139685","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Shigellosis is a highly contagious diarrheal disease, which could potentially be very serious. Considering the onethird increase in cases in 2023 compared to the previous year, we aimed to provide an update on the disease and to analyse data on reported cases of shigellosis in the Czech Republic (CZ).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a narrative search of the literature in Czech and English, particularly targeting European studies from 2018 onwards. We also analysed data reported under the diagnosis code A03 to the National Infectious Disease Reporting System (ISIN) in 2018-2023. We focused on the main epidemiological indicators, i.e. gender, age, geographical distribution, seasonality, and hospitalizations. Excel (version 2016), STATA (version 17), and Datawrapper GmbH were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 681 shigellosis cases were reported with an average annual incidence of 1/100,000 population: until 2021, the incidence was slightly higher in women, while from 2022 onwards, the trend was reversed. A significant decrease in cases was recorded in the pandemic years. In 2022 and 2023, the number of cases was slightly higher than in the pre-pandemic period. Most cases were detected in CZ in August and December each year. Of all shigella serotypes, S. sonnei was the most frequently detected (80%), followed by S. flexneri (15%). The incidence per 100.000 population was highest among children aged 5-9 years: 2.6 (boys 2.4 and girls 2.8), followed by 1-4-year-olds: 2.4 (2.2 and 2.6, respectively) and persons aged 25-34 years: 1.8 (males 1.8 and females 1.7). Within individual age group, the average annual specific incidence rates were highest in the Moravian-Silesian and Olomouc regions and the capital city Prague. Hospitalizations accounted for 27% of cases, with the highest numbers in the 25-34 and 5-9 age groups (both 17.9%). The proportion of hospitalized cases was highest in the age groups 75+ (69%), 1-4, 5-9, and 65-74 (32-37%). A 52-year-old man was reported to have die in relation to the disease. Eleven percent of cases were reported in outbreak settings. Thirty-nine percent of reported cases were imported.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In CZ, shigellosis is a relatively rare gastrointestinal disease, with nearly 40% of cases being imported. At present, the threat to public health is posed mainly by the global spread of multi-resistant strains linked to increasing tourism and free sexual practices. Children, immunocompromised persons (including the elderly), and men who have sex with men remain risk groups. Vaccination is not available in Europe. Compliance with basic hygiene rules, especially in collectives and when working with food, is still a key concern. Emphasis should also be placed on the health education, including instructions before traveling abroad. A thorough medical history, early tracing, surveillance, and rational choice of antibiotic therapy if appropriate a","PeriodicalId":54374,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologie Mikrobiologie Imunologie","volume":"74 1","pages":"31-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144217588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxoplasmosis - seroprevalence and trend over 10 years.","authors":"J Ficik","doi":"10.61568/emi/11-6445/20250128/139683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61568/emi/11-6445/20250128/139683","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Determination of the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in patients tested in the network Unilabs Slovakia Ltd over 10 years (2011-2020).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>In the study period, 142,088 patients from all over Slovakia underwent targeted serological screening for toxoplasmosis. Serum samples were tested for IgG and IgM antibodies by electrochemiluminescence assays. A total of 469,824 of tests were performed during the study period in three central laboratories of the Alpha Medical company (now Unilabs Slovakia Ltd) located in Bratislava, Ružomberok-Likavka, and Stropkov.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis has shown a slightly upward trend (for IgM antibodies), remaining stable for IgG class antibodies, neither declining nor rising. An upward trend in positive IgM antibodies appeared not only in general, but also in pregnant women. When calculated per 100,000 population, the IgG seroprevalence has shown an upward 10-year trend for the whole of Slovakia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this study have evidenced that toxoplasmosis is far from declining in Slovakia; just on the contrary, it can be reasonably assumed that its incidence is slowly rising, especially among pregnant women, which, from the point of view of public health, is worthy of further and more detailed investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":54374,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologie Mikrobiologie Imunologie","volume":"74 1","pages":"11-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144217590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The first autochthonous case of diphyllobothriosis, caused by broad fish tapeworm (Dibothriocephalus latus), in the Czech Republic.","authors":"T Scholz, R Kuchta, J Brabec, V Pavelková, Z Lapáčková","doi":"10.61568/emi/11-6445/20250128/139689","DOIUrl":"10.61568/emi/11-6445/20250128/139689","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diphyllobothriosis is a parasitic infection of humans caused by the broad fish tapeworm (Dibothriocephalus latus; synonym Diphyllobothrium latum). This disease is widespread in the Northern Hemisphere including Europe. Popular sport fish such as perch (Perca fluviatilis) and pike (Esox lucius) are the source of human infection. Here we document the first autochthonous case of diphyllobothriosis linked to the consumption of raw pike roe (caviar) originating from a popular tourist destination in South Bohemia. This is probably a recent introduction of the parasite into the Lipno Reservoir, which may represent a new focus of diphyllobothriosis, a zoonotic, fish-borne disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":54374,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologie Mikrobiologie Imunologie","volume":"74 1","pages":"76-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144217589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drug injecting and other risk behaviours among potential clients of the mobile drug consumption room in Brno, Czechia.","authors":"V Mravčík, B Janíková, D Thanki, D Nováková","doi":"10.61568/emi/11-6445/20250128/139687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61568/emi/11-6445/20250128/139687","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Injecting drug use is associated with a high disease burden, particularly due to the high risk of blood-borne infections such as viral hepatitis C (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Interventions recommended for the prevention and control of infections associated with drug use include so-called drug consumption rooms (DCRs). A DCR is a professional addiction service where people who use drugs (PWUD) can consume the drug they bring under safer and hygienic conditions. In September 2023, the first DCR in the Czech Republic was opened in Brno as a mobile setting (MDCR) in a socially excluded location (SEL) with a high prevalence of heroin and other opioids injecting, especially in the local Roma community. Its launch involved mixed methods research aimed at needs analysis and service set-up. This paper presents an analysis of quantitative data focusing on risk behaviours and other characteristics of potential clients of the programme.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Material and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Two cross-sectional questionnaire surveys (n=131 and n=135) were conducted just before and after the launch of the programme among PWUD recruited through convenience sampling by collaborating services and peer workers in Brno. The analysis addressed the characteristics of clients in the SEL where the MDCR operates. Pairwise associations between the SEL affiliation and other variables were analysed using the chi-square test and t-test. For statistically significant predictors from the pairwise analysis, logistic regression analysis was performed, with adjustment for gender and age. Results are presented as adjusted odds ratios (AOR).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;In both surveys, two thirds were male, mean age around 37 years (36.5 years in survey 1 and 37.5 years in survey 2). Most of them were people who injected drugs with a relatively high rate of risk behaviours. In survey 2, more people self-reported Roma ethnicity (50.7% versus 20.3%) and opioids as their primary drug (39.7% versus 27.5%). Respondents from survey 1 living in the SEL were more likely to have used heroin (AOR=8.2) and opioids (4.7) in the past year, to have injected drugs in an indoor public space in the past 30 days (3.6), to have witnessed an overdose (2.5), and to have been taken by emergency services (2.6) in the past 12 months. SEL respondents were more likely to have been clients of addiction services in the past year (2.8), especially opioid agonist treatment (4.6), but on the other hand, showed significantly more barriers to treatment. The survey after the MDCR launch confirmed higher rates of opioid use (2.9) and lower rates of methamphetamine use (0.3) and showed a higher prevalence of ever-diagnosed HCV (3.0) among SEL respondents. Prior to the opening of the MDCR, SEL respondents were in general less aware of the DCR (0.4) but reported greater willingness to use it after its launch (2.7).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The launch of t","PeriodicalId":54374,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologie Mikrobiologie Imunologie","volume":"74 1","pages":"53-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144217587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system in childhood - diagnosis (MRI CNS), clinical course, and treatment.","authors":"E Štěpánová, I Doležalová, J Sagan, D Krahulík, P Hanzlíková","doi":"10.61568/emi/11-6445/20250128/139688","DOIUrl":"10.61568/emi/11-6445/20250128/139688","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autoimmune encephalitis is a group of autoimmune-related diseases of the central nervous system with the predominant involvement of the cerebral cortex. It is a heterogeneous group of conditions manifested by newly emerging neurological and psychiatric deficits in previously healthy children. These disorders differ in severity, clinical course, and aetiology. Unlike the adult population, non-paraneoplastic encephalitis is prevalent in children. Antineuronal antibodies are the most critical prognostic and therapeutic indicators. Antibodies are directed either against surface antigens or intracellular antigens. Autoimmune diseases respond favourably to immunotherapy. Therefore, rapid diagnosis and timely treatment are essential and can lead to faster recovery and lower rates of relapses and cognitive deficits. This article focuses on the diagnostic and therapeutic experience with the most common types of autoimmune encephalitis and antibody-mediated demyelinating syndromes in childhood at the University Hospital Ostrava.</p>","PeriodicalId":54374,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologie Mikrobiologie Imunologie","volume":"74 1","pages":"65-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144217585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 in the practice of maternity hospitals of various degrees in the Czech Republic.","authors":"Hynek Heřman, A Tefr Faridová, K Trojanová, B Jalůvková, A Šinská, Radovan Pilka, O Šimetka, B Čečetková, J Janák, P Steyerová","doi":"10.61568/emi/11-6445/20250128/139682","DOIUrl":"10.61568/emi/11-6445/20250128/139682","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Pregnancy is not considered a condition that increases the body's susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 (severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-related coronavirus-2) infection, but in the case of infection in pregnancy, there is an increased risk of a more severe course of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease-19). However, the course of infection in pregnancy is mild or asymptomatic in most cases. The main objective of the study in pregnant women with COVID-19 was to prove that the delivery method is not changed, and serious complications do not occur more frequently due to this disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a retrospective, observational, multicentric study, the pregnant women positively tested to COVID-19 were admitted and subsequently gave birth in the period from 15 March 2020 to 15 March 2021. Data from the delivery departments of five centers in the Czech Republic during COVID-19 pandemic were analyzed in relation to the delivery method and time, COVID-19 symptoms and potential complications with respect to demographics and comorbidities of pregnant women. COVID-19 positivity was confirmed with PCR (polymerase-chain reaction). The Excel program was used during statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the observed study period, 236 pregnant women with COVID-19 were detected at study centers. Most of the patients were asymptomatic (59.7%). In symptomatic patients, most common symptoms were cough (52.6 %), cold (43.2%) and fever (37.9%), and COVID-19 pneumonia was diagnosed in 8 patients. The delivery was performed vaginally in 52.5% patients, the pregnancy was terminated by C-section (cesarean section) in 44.5%, per VEX (vacuum extractor) in 2.1% and per forcipem in 0.8% cases. The average week of pregnancy at the time of delivery was 38 (29-41) and preterm delivery was performed in 19.1% patients. The study results in pregnant women with COVID-19 demonstrated that the method of delivery was not changed and major delivery and neonatological complications did not develop in most cases. However, two presented serious courses of COVID-19 in pregnant women led to premature terminations of pregnancies. The only associated risk factor was the patient's obesity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although COVID-19 is a disease that is mostly asymptomatic in pregnant women or with only mild flu-like symptoms, it is associated with increased morbidity and mortality compared to pregnant women without COVID-19. The challenge for the future is the possibility of segregating patients into lowand high-risk groups based on proven risk factors, and consistent vaccination of pregnant women or women planning conception. In critical cases, the correct timing of premature termination of pregnancy and early indication of the beginning of fetal lung maturation is necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":54374,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologie Mikrobiologie Imunologie","volume":"74 1","pages":"3-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144217586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole genome sequencing (WGS) characterisation of Neisseria meningitidis from invasive meningococcal disease in the Czech Republic in 2018-2024 - analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Z Okonji, M Honskus, M Musílek, P Křížová","doi":"10.61568/emi/11-6445/20250128/139684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61568/emi/11-6445/20250128/139684","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyse the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the epidemiological situation of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) and molecular characteristics of Neisseria meningitidis isolates causing IMD in the Czech Republic.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study was based on IMD surveillance data for 2018-2024 (as of 27 May 2024), and all available N. meningitidis isolates from IMD of these years were subjected to whole genome sequencing (WGS). To analyse the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the study period was divided into three parts: the pre-COVID period (2018-2019), the COVID-19 pandemic period (2020-2022), and the post-COVID period (2023-2024).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>As a result of the implementation of the COVID-19 control measures, similar to other countries, there has been a decline in the incidence of air-borne infections including IMD in the Czech Republic. However, unlike many other countries, there has not been a resurgence of IMD in the Czech Republic following the release of these epidemiological measures. WGS characterisation of IMD isolates showed a gradual change in the population of meningococci causing IMD in the Czech Republic during the COVID-19 and post-COVID periods. For N. meningitidis isolates of serogroups C, W, and Y, a gradual and significant decline in overall heterogeneity can be observed - from ten different clonal complexes detected in the pre-COVID period to only three in the post-COVID years (cc11, cc23, and cc103). At the same time, a significant reduction was observed in N. meningitidis C isolates; cc11. In contrast, an increase in overall heterogeneity can be observed for N. meningitidis B isolates during the COVID-19 pandemic period, followed by its decline again to overall lowest values in the post-COVID period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The fact that MenB vaccine and conjugate vaccine A, C, W, Y started to be covered by health insurance for young children (in May 2020) and adolescents (in January 2022) also appears to play a role in the persistent decline of IMD in the Czech Republic. In order to maintain the low incidence of IMD in the Czech Republic, it is desirable to continue vaccination with MenB vaccine and conjugated vaccine A, C, W, Y in accordance with the recommendations of the Czech Society of Vaccinology of the Czech Medical Association of Jan Evangelista Purkyně.</p>","PeriodicalId":54374,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologie Mikrobiologie Imunologie","volume":"74 1","pages":"20-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144217592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in recipients of hematopoietic stem cells in the Omicron period.","authors":"M Šťastná-Marková, K Roubalová, P Hainz, J Kryštofová, K Labská, T Vosáhlová, Š Němečková","doi":"10.61568/emi/11-6352/20240726/138065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61568/emi/11-6352/20240726/138065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>We aimed to determine the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, including both symptomatic and asymptomatic courses, and to identify predictors of asymptomatic or symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients within seven months after allo-HSCT (allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation) in the Omicron period.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Prevalence of the past SARS-CoV-2 infection was determined in patients within seven months after allo-HSCT in the Omicron period using the cellular and humoral immune response against the SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein (NCP).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Positive markers of past infection were identified in 45.2% of patients (n = 42). The infection was asymptomatic in 68.4% of anti-NCP positive patients. The search for risk factors for symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in allo-HSCT recipients revealed that a low level of B cell reconstitution was the only significantly associated risk factor.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A high proportion of allo-HSCT recipients who were asymptomatically infected within up to seven months after transplantation from 2022 to 2023 despite being immunosuppressed and unvaccinated indicates an attenuation of the circulating virus and may signal less risk for transplanted patients from SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Omicron period. Vaccination of these patients against SARS-CoV-2 was shown to be associated with a low but significant risk of exacerbation of cured chronic GVHD (graft versus host disease) and the risk of de novo GVHD. The low level of B-cell reconstitution was the only significant risk factor for symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in HSCT recipients.</p>","PeriodicalId":54374,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologie Mikrobiologie Imunologie","volume":"73 3","pages":"140-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142693984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Th17 lymphocytes and Interleukin-17A during the course of severe community acquired pneumonia, comparison with etiology and outcome.","authors":"M Moravec, T Nejtek, M Ibrahimová, R Zazula, M Müller","doi":"10.61568/emi/11-6352/20240726/138064","DOIUrl":"10.61568/emi/11-6352/20240726/138064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Observational study of patients diagnosed with severe community acquired pneumonia (sCAP) carried out to evaluate levels of interleukin 17A (IL-17A) and T helper 17 (Th17) lymphocyte count in peripheral circulation and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in the early course of sCAP of different etiology and to compare them with patient's characteristics and outcome.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Cohort of 74 patients with sCAP was analyzed and respective microbial etiology established. According to pathogens, 3 subgroups of patients were created: bacterial, viral and mixed etiology. Th17 count and IL-17A levels were measured using flow cytometry and ELISA in peripheral blood and BALF. Data were compared with respect to etiology and their correlation with 30and 90-day mortality was statistically analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no statistically significant correlation in Th17 count and IL-17A levels in blood and BALF between etiological subgroups of CAP and no correlation was found with respect to measured parameters and 30and 90-day mortality. Nevertheless, increased Th17 cell count and IL-17A levels in peripheral blood, but not in BALF, in the early course of sCAP are correlated with increased relative risk of death from sCAP. Other factors increasing relative risk of death in patients with sCAP found in our cohort were male sex and advanced age.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Systemic Th17 count and IL-17A levels in the early course (up to 7 days from admission) of sCAP may be correlated with severity and outcome of sCAP.</p>","PeriodicalId":54374,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologie Mikrobiologie Imunologie","volume":"73 3","pages":"131-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142694011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}