Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t最新文献

{"title":"Bi-objective optimization of compressive strength and thermal conductivity for UN-U3Si2 composite fuel based on AI techniques","authors":"Tianyu Song ,&nbsp;Junkai Deng ,&nbsp;Rui Tang ,&nbsp;Hongxing Xiao ,&nbsp;Xiangdong Ding ,&nbsp;Jun Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.03.110","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.03.110","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The UN-U₃Si₂ composite fuel has been developed as a promising accident-tolerant fuel (ATF) due to its superior thermal conductivity and higher uranium density compared to conventional UO₂. To further reduce accident risks, it is highly desirable to optimize the physical properties of ATF fuel, such as compressive strength (CS) and thermal conductivity (TC). Tailoring the microstructure offers an effective approach to achieving multi-objective optimization of the composite fuel, ensuring a balanced trade-off between key properties. In this study, a relationship between the microstructure of UN-U₃Si₂ composite fuel and the associated CS and TC was established via a convolutional neural network (CNN). To address the challenge of data insufficiency, a dataset of 15,000 microstructure-property pairs was generated through the high-throughput finite element method (FEM). Using reconstructed metallographic images as input, the CNN models achieved a prediction of the CS or TC within a relative error of 3 %. Moreover, critical features strongly correlated with the CS and TC of composites were identified through the saliency map method analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) evaluation. Finally, a bi-objective optimization strategy was employed to design microstructures for UN-U₃Si₂ composite fuel pellets that effectively balance CS and TC properties. This work not only provides practical guidelines for designing advanced ATF fuels with improved performance but also introduces a robust workflow for the multi-objective optimization of composite materials with superior physical properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54332,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t","volume":"36 ","pages":"Pages 424-434"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of wear resistance in TC6 titanium alloy through a combined treatment of laser shock peening and nitrogen ion implantation at 300 °C","authors":"Yuliang Li ,&nbsp;Xiaoqing Liang ,&nbsp;Zhenyang Cao ,&nbsp;Huailin Zhang ,&nbsp;Mo Lang ,&nbsp;Cenchao Xie ,&nbsp;Sihai Luo ,&nbsp;Weifeng He","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.03.115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.03.115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The TC6 titanium alloy was subjected to a combined treatment of laser shock peening (LSP) followed by nitrogen ion implantation at 300 °C. The effects of this combined treatment on the microstructure, surface mechanical properties, and tribological behaviors of TC6 were evaluated. The TC6 alloy demonstrated a gradient distribution in grain size and elemental composition in its surface after the combined treatment. Compared to untreated TC6, the surface nano-hardness increased from 4.95 GPa to 7.08 GPa after nitrogen ion implantation at 300 °C, 5.91 GPa after LSP treatment, and 7.70 GPa after combined treatment. The surface residual stress changed from an initial tensile stress of 50.60 MPa to a compressive stress of 42.41 MPa after nitrogen ion implantation at 300 °C, 875.10 MPa after LSP, and 735.99 MPa after combined treatment. These changes in microstructure and surface mechanical properties were attributed to the synergistic effects of the combined treatment. For the tribological behavior, the wear rate of TC6 after combined treatment was the lowest among all states. The wear mechanism changed to milder adhesive wear from severe abrasive wear and adhesive wear in untreated state, which was attributed to the formation of nanocrystals and nitrides in the surface as well as the increase in surface dislocation density.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54332,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t","volume":"36 ","pages":"Pages 203-216"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143641821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of variations of metallurgical and morphological phenomena of interface in the magnetic pulse welding of Al–Cu","authors":"Morteza Sarvari,&nbsp;Amir Abdollah-zadeh,&nbsp;Homam Naffakh-Moosavy","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.03.093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.03.093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the bonding interface characteristics, formation mechanisms of metallurgical bonds, and intermetallic compounds in Al–Cu joints produced by magnetic pulse welding (MPW) using an E-type coil. Welding was conducted at a discharge voltage of 16 kV and an air gap of 1 mm. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) analysis revealed that the bonding interface characteristics vary with increasing distance from the collision centerline. In addition, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis identified the formation of intermetallic compounds of AlCu, AlCu₄ and Al₄Cu₉ at the bonding interface. The collision angle increases and collision energy decreases with distance from the centerline, resulting in two distinct zones: a high-shear zone near the collision centerline (Zone 1) and a low-shear zone near the bond edge (Zone 2). The AlCu intermetallic compound was predominantly formed in the high-shear zone, while AlCu₄ and Al₄Cu₉ were observed in the low-shear zone. The formation mechanism of these intermetallic compounds is attributed to solid-state diffusion, as no signs of melting were detected in the transition zones of the bonding interface, except in the porous zone. Additionally, the bonding interface exhibited higher strength compared to the base metals of Al and Cu.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54332,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t","volume":"36 ","pages":"Pages 448-458"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assess the interaction of water reducers and accelerators on the rheological and early hydration properties of cement-based materials","authors":"Pengfei Song ,&nbsp;Xuhao Wang ,&nbsp;Yuan Wang ,&nbsp;Jie Zhou ,&nbsp;Heping Qiu ,&nbsp;Arezoo Rahimi ,&nbsp;Jason Ingham","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.03.046","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.03.046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shotcrete is commonly used as the primary support material in tunnel construction, differing significantly from conventional cast-in-place concrete. The operational process of shotcrete construction involves two stages: pumping and spraying. From the perspective of admixtures, shotcrete requires water-reducing agents to ensure fluidity during pumping and accelerators to facilitate rapid hardening upon spraying. It is important to balance the performance of shotcrete in the two-stage process. This study utilized aluminum sulfate (AF) and sodium aluminate (AA) as the primary accelerators and polycarboxylate and naphthalene-based superplasticizers as water-reducing agents. A rheometer, isothermal calorimeter, low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to systematically understand the early hydration process of cement paste. The setting time, rheological properties, hydration behavior and microstructure development were evaluated with the introduction of combination of various water-reducing agents and accelerators. The results indicate that polycarboxylate-based superplasticizers significantly enhance fluidity but delay hydration, particularly when combined with sodium aluminate accelerators, resulting in extended setting times and slower free water conversion into bound water. In contrast, aluminum sulfate accelerators induce higher early hydration heat, accelerating strength development but also increasing yield stress and plastic viscosity. The interaction between water reducers and accelerators creates a complex balance: while polycarboxylate superplasticizers improve workability, their presence alters hydration kinetics, influencing both hydration heat release and calcium hydroxide consumption. These findings quantitatively assess the interrelationship between rheology, hydration, and microstructure development in cement-based materials, providing a valuable reference for balancing workability and early performance in shotcrete applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54332,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t","volume":"36 ","pages":"Pages 806-822"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Material removal rate model of single crystal diamond near atomic scale chemical mechanical polishing based on SOA","authors":"Zhuang Song,&nbsp;Xiaoguang Guo,&nbsp;Wanxue Zhang,&nbsp;Zhaoze Li,&nbsp;Guanghui Fan,&nbsp;Renke Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.03.109","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.03.109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional mechanical polishing faces significant challenges in achieving ideal surface quality on single crystal diamond (SCD). Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP), combining chemical oxidation and mechanical grinding, offers an effective solution for improving the surface quality of hard and brittle materials. Understanding the material removal characteristics of SCD during CMP is crucial. In this study, the instantaneous contact velocity model of the workpiece and the abrasive particles is established by geometric kinematics, and the instantaneous contact velocity of the abrasive particles at any point on the surface of the workpiece is obtained. Based on the Greenwood and Williamson elastic contact model, the microscopic contact model between the workpiece and the polishing pad is studied, and the effective contact area between the workpiece and the polishing pad and the number of abrasive particles in the effective contact area are obtained. Considering the elastic-plastic deformation in the CMP process of SCD, the micro-contact model between single abrasive particle and workpiece surface is further established, and then the material removal rate (MRR) prediction model of SCD CMP is established. Experimental results reveal the impact of polishing pressure and speed on MRR and surface roughness. The theoretical MRR values align with experimental trends, and the Seagull Optimization Algorithm (SOA) refines the model, reducing the average relative error between theoretical and experimental MRR to 5.98 % and 5.81 %, respectively. The results demonstrate the model's validity. The SCD with near atomic scale ultra-smooth surface is obtained, and the sub-nanometer surface roughness Sa is 0.311 nm. At the same time, the interaction mechanism between chemical oxidation and mechanical removal is investigated through atomic-scale analysis using the ReaxFF molecular dynamics model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54332,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t","volume":"36 ","pages":"Pages 762-776"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of residual stress in a 316H stainless steel weld by neutron diffraction and finite element modeling","authors":"Hongchuan Ma ,&nbsp;Zaifeng Zhou ,&nbsp;Yang Li ,&nbsp;Huaile Lu ,&nbsp;Shilei Li ,&nbsp;Xu Cao ,&nbsp;Lunhua He ,&nbsp;Yandong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.03.111","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.03.111","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The accurate prediction and measurement of residual stress is highly important for service reliability of welded engineering components. In this study, the residual stress distribution of 316H double V-groove welded joint was simulated using finite element method (FEM) and measured by neutron diffraction technique. The measured and simulated results of residual stress after heat treatment are consistent in the overall trend. The post-weld heat treatment causes the residual stresses in different zones of the weldment to redistribute and greatly reduce overall. From the heat-affected zone to the base metal, the tensile stress along the x direction gradually decreases, the compressive stress along the y direction gradually increases, and the stress along the z direction remains very low level. The residual stresses measured by neutron diffraction technique are calculated by fitting the {311} diffraction peaks. The effect of crystal plane selection on the measured residual stress is also discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54332,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t","volume":"36 ","pages":"Pages 539-547"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pinhole formation and its mitigation for Cu electrodeposition on the Ajinomoto build-up film (ABF) with different surface roughnesses","authors":"Pei-Chia Hsu ,&nbsp;Zhao-Yu Yang ,&nbsp;Chi Lee ,&nbsp;Cheng-En Ho ,&nbsp;Chih-Ming Chen ,&nbsp;Yu-An Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.03.100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.03.100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the roughness effects of an Ajinomoto build-up film (ABF) on the crystallographic microstructure and corrosion characteristics of electroplated Cu were systematically investigated via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in conjunction with electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and focused ion beam (FIB) methods. The strong dependences of the Cu crystallographic microstructure and pinhole formation on the ABF roughness were revealed in these investigations. We found that smaller Cu grains with fewer twin boundaries (TBs) and more low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) were easily created in the Cu deposits over a low-roughness ABF substrate, which is closely related to pinhole formation because of poor corrosion resistance resulting from numerous grain boundaries (fined grains) and inferior grain boundary (GB) characteristics. Here, we proposed a method that enables the generation of larger Cu grains with more TBs through an appropriate annealing treatment combined with adjusting the plating current density, thereby preventing undesired pinhole formation over a low-roughness ABF substrate. These findings advanced our understanding of the effects of substrate roughness on the Cu microstructure and pinhole formation, which is very beneficial for the application of low-profile substrates for 5G/6G high-frequency signal transmission.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54332,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t","volume":"36 ","pages":"Pages 193-202"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143641820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hierarchical coherent precipitates lead to high tensile strength in casting BCC-structured Al0.8CrNiMn2Fe2.5 high-entropy alloy","authors":"Sizhe Peng ,&nbsp;Shubin Wang ,&nbsp;Zhiyu Hao ,&nbsp;Donghong Wang ,&nbsp;Da Shu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.03.112","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.03.112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-entropy alloys (HEAs) with body-centered-cubic (BCC) structure usually displayed high compressive strengths, but completely brittle fractured upon tensile test at room temperature. Here, we report a directly cast Co-free Al_0.8CrNiMn₂Fe_2.5 HEA with hierarchical microstructure and high tensile strength. This low-cost HEA consists of a Fe–Cr-rich disordered BCC (A2) matrix containing uniformly distributed high-density Ni–Al-rich ordered BCC (B2) ultra-fine precipitates (∼198 nm) and secondary B2 nanoprecipitates (∼13 nm). Owing to the hierarchical coherent precipitates, the duplex BCC-structured HEA displayed a remarkable tensile yield strength of ∼907 MPa and an ultimate tensile strength of ∼1328 MPa together with an appreciable failure strain of ∼9.6 % at room temperature, which is superior to most conventional alloys and HEAs in as-cast condition. The study introduces an effective approach for fabricating alloys with nanostructures, utilizing casting methods to achieve the targeted characteristics based on a well-thought-out compositional design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54332,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t","volume":"36 ","pages":"Pages 903-912"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weighted average study of transition metal segregation at Ni grain boundaries and its effect on grain boundary cohesion","authors":"Yanyan Shi ,&nbsp;Hongtao Xue ,&nbsp;Fuling Tang ,&nbsp;Ruidong Dang ,&nbsp;Fengjuan Si ,&nbsp;Yuxia Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.03.099","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.03.099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-performance Ni-based alloys often exhibit reduced grain boundary (GB) cohesion under high-stress or elevated-temperature conditions, necessitating further enhancement. This study investigates the segregation of 18 transition elements at Ni GBs using a weighted average method combined with first-principles calculations. The results reveal that the segregation behavior of transition metal at GBs in nickel-based alloys is influenced by the GB type, temperature and initial bulk concentration. An obvious linear correlation is observed between atom probe tomography (APT) measured and density functional theory (DFT) predicted GB concentrations in nickel-based alloy 725. Notably, the GB segregations of Mn, V, Co, Nb, Ti, Mo, Fe, and Cr are found to enhance GB cohesion. The site- and GB-weighted average method provides a novel framework for cross-validating DFT simulations with experimental data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54332,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t","volume":"36 ","pages":"Pages 292-299"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143641733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and application of an internal state variable constitutive model for deformation of metals","authors":"Paul S. Follansbee","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.03.062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.03.062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fred Kocks dedicated his career to the study of deformation kinetics and the implications for the specification of constitutive relations, primarily relating to dislocation glide and dislocation storage. A major theme of this work was the need to evaluate kinetics at a constant material condition – or state. Motivated by the apparent increase in strain rate sensitivity at very high strain rates, a detailed set of experiments was performed to assess the strain and strain-rate dependence of structure evolution in copper. Conclusions of this study are summarized and the ensuing constitutive relations, introduced by Kocks and coworkers, are reviewed. Considerable experience with the application of this constitutive formalism in over twenty pure metals and alloys is reviewed and the question as to the required number of independent variables is assessed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54332,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t","volume":"36 ","pages":"Pages 284-291"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143641732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}