Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t最新文献

{"title":"Anomalous solidification behaviour in rapidly cooled Ti–Nb–Ta ternary alloys","authors":"Theo Mossop ,&nbsp;David J. Browne ,&nbsp;Mert Celikin","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.06.031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.06.031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Processing β-titanium alloys via metal additive manufacturing (AM) is a rapidly expanding area, hence understanding their solidification behaviour under rapid cooling is critical. The solidification of Ti–Nb–Ta alloys was investigated under various cooling rates (c. 2000-20,000 K/s) using suction casting. An inverted partitioning effect was determined for Ti–20Nb–10Ta (wt.%) alloy, where solute is preferentially retained in the dendrites under very rapid solidification. In relatively slower-cooled samples, the microsegregation followed Scheil solidification theory. Moreover, columnar morphology was replaced with equiaxed structures with increasing cooling rate. These effects were not observed in the thermodynamically similar binary alloys, Ti–25Nb and Ti–35Ta.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54332,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t","volume":"37 ","pages":"Pages 260-267"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144220941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-depth study and optimization of process parameters to enhance tensile and compressive strengths of PETG in FDM technology","authors":"Rajan Kumaresan ,&nbsp;Kumaran Kadirgama ,&nbsp;Mahendran Samykano ,&nbsp;Wan Sharuzi Wan Harun ,&nbsp;Arunkumar Thirugnanasambandam ,&nbsp;Krishnan Kanny","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.06.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.06.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The advent of 3D printing and additive manufacturing (AM) marked a significant milestone in prototyping. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), particularly with PETG (polyethylene terephthalate glycol), has gained prominence. This study investigates the mechanical properties (tensile and compressive) and structural characteristics of PETG samples printed using FDM technology by varying the infill pattern and raster angle and reducing the infill density from 100 % to 50 %. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is subsequently employed to examine the experimental data and identify the parameters that substantially influence mechanical properties. According to the tensile strength testing results, the concentric pattern had the greatest values of Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) 25.63 MPa and Young's Modulus (E) 0.57 GPa. By conducting compression analysis, it was found that the Cubic infill pattern with 45° raster angle exhibited the maximum compressive strength of 20.00 MPa and Compressive Modulus of 2.47 GPa. This design demonstrated a superior ability to absorb compressive force when compared to the other patterns which leads to various industries such as automotive, consumer products, and biomedical devices. Additionally, the regression equations were formulated utilizing the RSM in order to optimize the attributes of the PETG material, the coefficient of determination (R²) value exceeding 75 %, indicating that they are highly suitable. The RSM clearly demonstrates that both the infill pattern and raster angle have a substantial impact on the physical properties of the FDM parts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54332,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t","volume":"37 ","pages":"Pages 397-416"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144231572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of process parameters on microstructure and properties of Inconel-718 superalloy fabricated by wire-arc direct energy deposition technique","authors":"Jingjing Shi ,&nbsp;Ning Qian ,&nbsp;Shihao Sun ,&nbsp;Yusuf Kaynak ,&nbsp;Raj Das ,&nbsp;Yucan Fu ,&nbsp;Honghua Su","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.06.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.06.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As critical aero-engine components, closed impellers demand precision manufacturing to ensure reliability under extreme conditions. Traditional casting and powder-bed additive manufacturing face challenges in defect control and cost-effectiveness. Wire-arc directed energy deposition offers high material utilization and deposition rates for near-net-shape fabrication, yet its inherent high heat input induces microstructural defects such as Laves phase segregation in Inconel-718 superalloy. This study investigates CMT + P-based wire-arc DED processing of Inconel-718, focusing on energy density effects spanning 360–540 J/mm on thin-wall geometry, microstructure, and mechanical properties. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and XRD analysis reveal that increased energy density expands primary dendrite arm spacing from 4.68 to 18.97 μm and Laves phase area fraction from 3.12 to 8.10 %, correlating with reduced as-deposited tensile strength of 725 ± 45 MPa. Post-deposition solution-aging heat treatment enhances ultimate tensile strength to 1354 ± 54 MPa. The mechanical properties of Inconel-718 deposited via CMT + P were compared with those produced by the conventional CMT process. Mechanical property benchmarking against Inconel-718 casting and forging standards provides actionable insights for industrial process optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54332,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t","volume":"37 ","pages":"Pages 173-185"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144220981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PBAT biocomposites reinforced with açaí seed residues: Exploring sustainable material development","authors":"Odilon Leite-Barbosa ,&nbsp;Mateus Santos da Silva ,&nbsp;Debora Cristina da Silva Santos ,&nbsp;Fernanda Cristina Fernandes Braga ,&nbsp;Marcelo Ferreira Leão de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Marcia Gomes de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Sérgio Neves Monteiro ,&nbsp;Valdir Florêncio Veiga-Junior","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.06.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.06.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing sustainable materials is essential for advancing eco-friendly technologies and promoting circular economy practices. This study investigates the reinforcement of poly(butylene adipate-<em>co</em>-terephthalate) (PBAT) with açaí seed residues (ASR), an abundant agro-industrial byproduct from Brazil. The residues were characterized using FTIR, XRD, TGA, and SEM, while the biocomposites underwent mechanical, morphological, and thermal evaluations. Composites were prepared by mixing PBAT with 20 wt% and 40 wt% of ASR in an internal mixer equipped with ROLLER-type rotors, followed by injection molding. Compared to neat PBAT, the incorporation of ASR resulted in a 37 % and 53 % reduction in tensile strength (from 19.71 MPa to 12.37 MPa and 9.19 MPa, respectively). The elastic modulus increased by 8.8 % and 20.1 %. Yield strength remained relatively stable, with values of 9.75 MPa (PBAT), 10.79 MPa (20 % ASR), and 9.29 MPa (40 % ASR). The total strain at break decreased from 239 % (neat PBAT) to 150 % (20 % ASR) and 121 % (40 % ASR). Flexural strength increased by 39 %, from 7.5 MPa to 10.4 MPa at 40 % ASR, while flexural modulus rose by 62 %, from 191 MPa to 310 MPa. Thermal analysis revealed a nucleating effect of the filler, elevating the crystallization temperature from 65.55 °C to 79.90 °C. The thermal resistance of all biocomposites showed a similar weight loss curve profile as a function of temperature, with a slight reduction in the initial degradation temperature (T_onset) compared to neat PBAT. Water absorption rose from 0.50 % in neat PBAT to 3.75 % at 40 % filler, attributed to the hydrophilic nature of the residues. These findings highlight the potential of açaí seed residues as reinforcement in the development of polymer biocomposites for sustainable applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54332,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t","volume":"37 ","pages":"Pages 524-536"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144241070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of NiAl content on the microstructure and properties of CoCrFeNi–NiAl–Nb pseudo-ternary triple-phase hypoeutectic high-entropy alloys","authors":"Zhongheng Diao ,&nbsp;Zhenjun Gao ,&nbsp;Jiankun Yang ,&nbsp;Dongdong Xia ,&nbsp;Huijun Kang ,&nbsp;Guangwei Zhao ,&nbsp;Bo Li ,&nbsp;Dong Fang ,&nbsp;Xicong Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.06.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.06.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Eutectic high-entropy alloys (EHEAs) have garnered significant attention due to their uniform and fine microstructure, exceptional casting properties, and broad range of industrial applications. A series of triple-phase hypoeutectic high-entropy alloys (HEAs), designated as (CoCrFeNi)_93-x(NiAl)_xNb₇ (where x = 8, 12, 16, 19, 22, 26, 32), were developed in the present experiments. With the exception of the NiAl-8 alloy, all other compositions exhibited FCC, B2, and Laves phases, characterized by topologically densely arranged lattice structures (TCP). The yield strength of the alloy increased from 866.8 ± 20 MPa to 1459.8 ± 16 MPa, while the elongation decreased from 31.29 ± 0.36 % to 16.83 ± 0.16 % as the NiAl content increased. Among the alloys tested, the NiAl-16 alloy exhibited remarkable plasticity, with a yield strength of 961.4 ± 12 MPa, a fracture strength of 2089.4 ± 18 MPa, and a plastic strain of 33.99 ± 0.18 %. These results clearly indicate that this type of alloy has significant potential for engineering applications. Furthermore, based on the coupling of the ductile FCC phase and the brittle B2/Laves phase in the triple-phase hypoeutectic HEAs, the intrinsic mechanism of the high strength and high plasticity of the alloy is analyzed. The phase prediction of the alloy using thermodynamic parameters indicates that the triple phases—FCC phase, Laves phase, and B2 phase—can be stabilized when conditions 6.7 ≤ VEC &lt;7.8, δ &gt; 5 %, and ΔX &gt; 7 % are met.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54332,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t","volume":"37 ","pages":"Pages 357-367"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144231806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of secondary phases and their redistribution by deformation on corrosion behaviour of magnesium alloys – A short review","authors":"Hüseyin Zengin ,&nbsp;Halina Krawiec ,&nbsp;Peter Minarik ,&nbsp;Achim Walter Hassel","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.06.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.06.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional deformation processes such as rolling, extrusion and forging or novel severe plastic deformation techniques significantly alter the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behaviour of magnesium (Mg) alloys. Principally, thermomechanical processes applied to Mg give rise to significant alterations in properties such as dislocation density, twinning, residual stresses, texture, grain size and redistribution of secondary phases. Among them, the redistribution of secondary phases can be regarded as one of the most important factors affecting corrosion resistance due to the relatively reactive nature of Mg and its high tendency to form micro-galvanic couplings with secondary phases. Understanding the elaborate relationship of the varying secondary phase distribution before and after deformation processes on the microstructure and corrosion properties is crucial to optimise the performance of Mg alloys in various applications. Therefore, in this review, the effects of deformation-induced redistribution of secondary phases on the dissolution kinetics, surface morphology and formation of protective oxide layers in Mg alloys were discussed. Furthermore, potential challenges and opportunities for the development of new corrosion-resistant Mg alloys were highlighted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54332,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t","volume":"37 ","pages":"Pages 122-132"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144213022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of co-doped additives on the hydration and microstructure of high-volume fly ash cement composites","authors":"Heping Yuan ,&nbsp;Yang Liu ,&nbsp;Bowen Wang ,&nbsp;Dong Luo ,&nbsp;Jie Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.06.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.06.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fly ash, as a low-carbon material, can partially replace cement in concrete, thereby contributing to reductions in CO₂ emissions and energy consumption. However, the incorporation of high-volume fly ash (HVFA) typically leads to a significant decline in the early strength of cement-based composites, limiting its broader application. This study investigated the influence of binary systems composed of nano-silica (NS) combined respectively with silica fume (SF), metakaolin (MK), or graphene oxide (GO) on the strength development of HVFA cement composites. The underlying mechanisms of strength enhancement were elucidated through analyses of pore structure, phase evolution, elemental distribution in the interfacial transition zone (ITZ), and microstructure. The experimental results demonstrated that NS and MK reduced the proportions of small and large pores, respectively, while SF decreased the volume of large and medium pores. Additionally, NS, SF, and MK effectively accelerated the pozzolanic reaction by reacting with calcium hydroxide, which promoted the formation of hydration products, leading to a reduced Ca/Si ratio in the ITZ gel and a denser microstructure. In single systems, the incorporation of 7.5 % NS yielded the most significant improvement in 7-d strength, with an increase of 148 %, while 15 % SF showed the greatest enhancement at 28 d, reaching 74.2 %. In binary systems, the combination of 7.5 % NS and 15 % MK achieved the highest 7-d strength improvement of 221 %, whereas the combination of 5 % NS and 15 % SF exhibited the most pronounced 28-d strength increase of 115.9 %. These findings offer valuable reference for advancing the development of sustainable construction materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54332,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t","volume":"37 ","pages":"Pages 186-195"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144220982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-situ aluminum 7075 metal matrix composites development for additive friction stir deposition","authors":"Huan Ding,&nbsp;Selami Emanet,&nbsp;Saeid Zavari,&nbsp;Tristan D. Thai,&nbsp;Yehong Chen,&nbsp;Ehsan Bagheri,&nbsp;Shengmin Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.05.258","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.05.258","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Al7075 equivalent aluminum + Al₂O₃ metal matrix composite (G7D) feedstock tailored for Additive Friction Stir Deposition (AFSD) was successfully produced using the powder metallurgy and hot extrusion process. Two types of feedstocks with different densities, categorized as High Porosity (HP) and Low Porosity (LP) rods, were AFSD deposited to evaluate their performances. High-quality and fully dense AFSD samples were successfully deposited using both HP and LP rods. The microstructure, grain size distribution, and hardness were evaluated in the as-deposited AFSD samples. The deposited G7D exhibited complex material flow, but deposition parameters had minimal impacts on the flow patterns. During the AFSD process, ceramic particles (Al₂O₃) were evenly dispersed in the matrix. The use of elemental powders rather than pre-alloyed powders allows the low-melting-point metal Zn in the powder mix to form a liquid-phase diffusion pathway during hot extrusion/AFSD, improving the wettability of Al₂O₃ particle surfaces and significantly strengthening the connection between the aluminum matrix and the Al₂O₃ particles. It shows the significant potential of AFSD in fabricating Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites (AMMC) for producing high-quality AMMC components with comparable or superior performance to those made by conventional methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54332,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t","volume":"37 ","pages":"Pages 493-503"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144241190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multi-objective cross-scale optimization approach for high-performance Inconel 625 laser cladding on ductile iron","authors":"Min Han ,&nbsp;Xiaolong Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongbin Lin ,&nbsp;Xuelei Fu ,&nbsp;Jiabin Liu ,&nbsp;Wei Xu ,&nbsp;Junhui Zhang ,&nbsp;Bing Xu ,&nbsp;Chao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.06.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.06.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ductile iron, critical for industrial components, suffers from wear and interfacial degradation. Laser cladding with Inconel 625 offers repair potential via metallurgical bonding, yet existing parameter optimizations inadequately balance mechanical, microstructural, and interfacial synergies. This study presents a multi-objective optimization of In625 coatings on QT-600 ductile iron using Taguchi-grey relational analysis (GRA). Specifically, the mapping relationship between process parameters (laser power (P), powder feed rate (R), and scanning speed (V)) and optimization objectives (microhardness, porosity, elastic modulus, dilution rate, and bonding strength) is evaluated through L16 orthogonal experiments. Variance and signal-to-noise ratio analyses revealed P as statistically significant for microhardness, porosity, and elastic modulus, while V predominantly influenced dilution rate and bonding strength. GRA consolidated multi-response objectives into a single grey relational grade (GRG), yielding optimal parameters (P = 2400 W, R = 0.9 r/min, V = 8 mm/s). Validation experiments showed a 52.5 % increase in microhardness, 96.1 % lower porosity, 11.2-fold higher dilution rate, and 59.4 % improved bonding strength, with a slight elastic modulus reduction. Experimental GRG (0.683) closely matched predictions (0.680), confirming model reliability. Optimized parameters enhanced hardness, elasticity, and bonding strength by reducing porosity, refining grain structure, promoting Fe–Ni solid solutions and continuous ledeburite, and generating the dual-shell ledeburite-martensite structures in the the partially melted zone.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54332,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t","volume":"37 ","pages":"Pages 102-121"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144213021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrolyte-driven phase-selective dissolution for nanostructure fabrication on single-crystal superalloys","authors":"Baole Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhao Han ,&nbsp;Xiaolong Fang ,&nbsp;Yunsong Zhao ,&nbsp;Di Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.06.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.06.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Micro-nanostructures are widely used for heat transfer, friction reduction, and drag reduction. This study proposes a new electrolyte composition and optimizes current density to fabricate concave–convex nanostructures on single-crystal superalloys. Based on the selective dissolution mechanism of γ/γ′ phases, two types of nanostructures are precisely formed: a grid-like structure with mildly raised γ phases (∼12 nm) and wide channels (∼500 nm), and a columnar structure with prominently raised γ′ phases (∼54 nm) and narrow channels (∼50 nm). The results reveal distinct electrochemical responses depending on the electrolyte and current density (0.5–20 A cm⁻²). In sodium chloride, protective elements such as Cr and W enrich in the γ phase, making the γ′ phase the primary dissolution pathway, whereas in sodium nitrate, the γ phase dissolves preferentially. Water-based solutions showed high sensitivity to current density, affecting surface morphology, while glycol-based solutions exhibited reduced sensitivity, facilitating smoother, more refined nanostructures. Thus, the surface morphology can be finely tuned through electrolyte-driven selectivity. Furthermore, the resulting nanostructures provide a controllable basis for tailoring surface characteristics in single-crystal alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54332,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t","volume":"37 ","pages":"Pages 207-217"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144220936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}