Environmental Sciences Europe最新文献

{"title":"Aquatic toxicity integrated testing and assessment strategies (ITS) for difficult substances: case study with thiochemicals","authors":"Monika Nendza,&nbsp;Jan Ahlers","doi":"10.1186/s12302-022-00591-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-022-00591-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>An Integrated Testing and Assessment Strategy (ITS) for aquatic toxicity of 16 thiochemicals to be registered under REACH revealed 12 data gaps, which had to be filled by experimental data. These test results are now available and offer the unique opportunity to subject previous estimates obtained by read-across (analogue and category approaches) to an external validation. The case study thiochemicals are so-called difficult substances due to instability and poor water solubility, challenging established ITS.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The new experimental data confirm the previous predictions of acute aquatic toxicity with the new test results indicating a 2–5 times lower toxicity than previously predicted. The previous predictions thus are conservative and close to the new experimental results. The good agreement can be attributed to the fact that we had limited the extrapolations to narrow chemical groups with similar SH-group reactivities. The new experimental data further strengthen and externally validate the existing trends based on similarity in chemical structures, mode of action (MoA), water solubility and stability of source and target compounds in aquatic media. Based on the new experimental data, reliable revised PNECs could be derived and the REACH requirements for these thiochemicals are largely fulfilled. Appropriately adapted ITS are therefore able to reduce in vivo tests with fish even for difficult substances and replace them with alternative information.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Both experimental and alternative information for difficult substances such as thiochemicals that are rapidly transformed in water are subject to considerable uncertainty. For example, the use of either nominal, initial or time-weighted average concentrations contributes to the variability of aquatic toxicity data. In the case of these thiochemicals, a weight-of-evidence (WoE) approach to determining aquatic toxicity based on nominal and time-weighted average concentrations may be the most appropriate choice to reflect environmental conditions. Overall, uncertainties in historical test results and alternative information, here from read-across, have to be considered in relation to how much uncertainty is acceptable for environmental protection on the one hand and how much certainty is technically feasible on the other.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54293,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://enveurope.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12302-022-00591-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4851542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of aquaculture on the shallow lake aquatic ecological environment of Lake Datong, China","authors":"Wen Hu,&nbsp;Chun‑hua Li,&nbsp;Chun Ye,&nbsp;Hong-sen Chen,&nbsp;Jun Xu,&nbsp;Xu-hui Dong,&nbsp;Xiao-shou Liu,&nbsp;Deliang Li","doi":"10.1186/s12302-022-00595-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-022-00595-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The restoration of lake ecosystems requires a good knowledge of the lake’s history and the driving mechanism of environmental changes. In this study, we used Lake Datong, the largest inland lake in Hunan Province China, as an example to study the effects of aquaculture, based on historical data of aquatic creature, diatom inferred-total phosphorous (DI-TP) data, and an Ecopath model. Lake Datong has undergone several stages of aquaculture from 1980, with a rapid increase in fish production and fish feed supplementation at each stage. Its water quality has deteriorated since the introduction of aquaculture and the lake has become moderate eutrophic status.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>According to the DI-TP data, before 1930, Lake Datong was in a mesotrophic status (50–60 μg/L DI-TP). Between 1930 and 1980, the number of nutrient-tolerant species increased slightly, which indicates a nutrient increase in the lake (66–83 μg/L DI-TP). From the 1980s to 2010 and especially since 2000, eutrophication increased rapidly, with eutrophic species dominating the diatom assemblage, such as <i>Stephanodiscus hantzschii</i>, <i>S. minutulus</i>, and a sudden decrease in <i>Aulacoseira granulata</i> (&lt; 10%). The annual average DI-TP concentration was 202 μg/L. After 2010, DI-TP decreased to 127–152 μg/L. In 2019, consumer biomass in Lake Datong was very low because the large-scale aquaculture was restricted by local government. The biomass of submerged macrophytes was relatively high, indicating that excessive primary producers had not been used by consumers and therefore, had not entered the food web. This led to a reduction in the energy transfer efficiency (TE) of the ecosystem.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The succession of the water ecosystem of Lake Datong is reappeared by DI-TP analysis and historical reference data. Lake Datong has experienced four stages of eutrophication succession following the introduction of aquaculture activities, with dramatic changes in the composition and biomass of its aquatic creatures. After comprehensive management in 2017, the consumer biomass of Lake Datong was at a relatively lower level, and the biomass of submerged macrophytes was higher, meaning a large quantity of primary producers had not been used by consumers, thus had not entered the food web, which consequently reduces the energy TE of the ecosystem. Future management needs to pay attention to making a suitable macrophyte harvest plan, stocking herbivorous and omnivorous fish, and establishing rational fishing, which can not only enhance the energy flows and nutrient cycling of the ecosystem, but also improve the food web structure. Our results provide important reference values and theoretical support for decision-makers and stakeholders in the subsequent management of similar shallow lake-water ecosystems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54293,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://enveurope.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12302-022-00595-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4859526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An efficient and pragmatic approach for regulatory aquatic mixture risk assessment of pesticides","authors":"Christian Dietrich,&nbsp;Magnus Wang,&nbsp;Markus Ebeling,&nbsp;Anja Gladbach","doi":"10.1186/s12302-022-00594-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-022-00594-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The current regulatory approach to address aquatic mixture toxicity for pesticides in the EU (EFSA J 11:3290, 2013) is rather complex: in typical cases it requires conducting the entire mixture risk assessment scheme for every exposure scenario separately (e.g. 6–8 ecotoxicological endpoints, for each of the nine exposure scenarios for the European Central Zone with 24 common mitigation measure combinations result in over 1700 sub-scenarios to be assessed). This article discusses the available concepts for a mixture toxicity assessment, the key questions raised and the implementation of these questions in existing risk assessment approaches. Based on this, an alternative, more efficient assessment scheme for aquatic mixture risk assessment (AMiRA) is proposed with the aim of facilitating the practical conduct and interpretation of the assessment while addressing the key questions and preserving the level of protection. The scheme assesses product risk (including a check for non-additive effects), the presence of a risk driver and gains efficiency by the straightforward use of risk quotients (RQ) to calculate mixture risk quotients (RQ_mix) that are equivalent to the calculation of exposure toxicity ratios for a mixture (ETR_mix,CA = Exposure-Toxicity-Ratio for mixtures based on concentration addition) proposed by EFSA (EFSA J 11:3290, 2013). A case study is provided underlining the equivalence of the proposed approach to the EFSA (EFSA J 11:3290, 2013) decision tree.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54293,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://enveurope.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12302-022-00594-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4750964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical evaluation of the microbial turnover to biomass approach for the estimation of biogenic non-extractable residues (NER)","authors":"Stefan Trapp,&nbsp;Andreas Libonati Brock,&nbsp;Matthias Kästner,&nbsp;Andreas Schäffer,&nbsp;Dieter Hennecke","doi":"10.1186/s12302-022-00592-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-022-00592-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Persistence is a key criterion for the risk assessment of chemicals. In degradation tests, microbial biodegradation of labeled test chemicals leads to the incorporation of the label in microbial biomass, resulting in biogenic non-extractable residues (bioNER), which are not considered as harmful in persistence assessment. The amount of bioNER can be estimated using the microbial turnover to biomass (MTB) model. MTB estimates the biomass growth during productive degradation of a compound from theoretical growth yield and CO₂-formation and gives an upper and a lower value for bioNER formation. The aim of this study is use available experimental data for bioNER to assess the validity, accuracy and precision of the MTB method as new tool in persistence assessment.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>We collected experimental data in order to test accuracy and precision of this estimation method. In total, 16 experimental studies were found in literature where bioNER was experimentally quantified. Hereof, 13 studies used the amount of label recovered from total amino acid (tAA) content as proxy for bioNER. Unfortunately, the comparison with experimental data was difficult due to the variety of employed methods. A conversion factor is required to extrapolate from tAA on bioNER, and this factor may vary during the experiment and between experiments. The bioNER formation for all compounds tested was calculated with the MTB method, and the outcome was compared to measured tAA as proxy for bioNER. The relation between predicted and measured bioNER was significant, but no better correlation was obtained than with CO₂ to tAA. The mean absolute error of the prediction (low MTB versus tAA) was 5% applied label (range 0.3 to 16%). Some deviation between measured results and calculated bioNER could be contributed to uncertainties in the experimental determination, as shown by variance in replicates (bromoxynil) or high background of label in sterile samples (sulfadiazine).</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>MTB thus provides a robust model for determining of the potential amounts of biomass and bioNER formed from the degradation of organic chemicals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54293,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://enveurope.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12302-022-00592-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4646330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristic and affecting factors of wetland herbs’ distribution in the radiant belt toward land of lake–terrestrial ecotone in Tibet, China","authors":"Pei-Ru Zheng,&nbsp;Chun-Hua Li,&nbsp;Chun Ye,&nbsp;Hao Wang,&nbsp;Wei-Wei Wei,&nbsp;Ye Zheng,&nbsp;Xiang-yong Zheng","doi":"10.1186/s12302-022-00593-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-022-00593-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Lake is a critical part of Tibet's hydrological cycle, the lake–terrestrial ecotone is the most sensitive area in the water and terrestrial ecosystem. For the ecological protection and maintenance of the lakeside zone, defining the upper boundary of the lake–terrestrial ecotone is a key issue that needs to be solved urgently. However, the ecological characteristics of lake–terrestrial ecotone made it difficult to delimit. Wetland herbs are characteristic plants of the lake–terrestrial ecotone, and their distribution width can be used to reflect the upper boundary of the lake–terrestrial ecotone. We took Baksum Lake, Yamdroktso, Namtso, Siling Co as examples, based on the spatial structure of the lake–terrestrial ecotone, used the moving split-window technology (MSWT) delimited the width of wetland herbs.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The results of the MSWT showed the distribution width of wetland herbs in each lake–terrestrial ecotone with the natural-wetland type sampling line of Baksum Lake, Yamdroktso, Namtso, Siling Co was 51 m, 56 m, 33 ~ 53 m, 19 ~ 31 m. The detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) showed quantity of wetland herbs species, BK1 &gt; YT1 = NT1 &gt; NT2 &gt; SC1 = SC2. The principal component analysis (PCA) and the (redundancy analysis) RDA showed soil moisture content (SMO), pH, soil moisture content (SSC), and soil nutrient content had obvious correlation with distribution width.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The MSWT was a feasible method to determine the width of lake<u>–</u>terrestrial ecotone. SMO, pH, SSC, and soil nutrient content were all important environmental factors affecting the wetland herbs distribution width of the four lakes; and the SMO was the most important factor. Besides, compared with the lakes in the Middle-Lower Yangtze Plain, the high-density population distribution, high-intensive human activity invaded the plants' growth area, resulting in a smaller distribution width. The distribution edge of wetland herbs is equivalent to the upper boundary of lake–terrestrial ecotone. It determines the management boundary of the lake–terrestrial ecotone, provides a theoretical basis for the construction of environmental protection projects, and is of great significance to the lake ecological restoration and management in watershed control planning.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54293,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://enveurope.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12302-022-00593-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4571206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triadimefon in aquatic environments: occurrence, fate, toxicity, and ecological risk","authors":"Lin Hou,&nbsp;Xiaowei Jin,&nbsp;Na Liu,&nbsp;Ying Luo,&nbsp;Zhenfei Yan,&nbsp;Miao Chen,&nbsp;Yang Liu,&nbsp;Huiyu Xie,&nbsp;John P. Giesy,&nbsp;Fengchang Wu,&nbsp;Jian Xu","doi":"10.1186/s12302-022-00590-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-022-00590-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>As a triazole fungicide, triadimefon is widely used around the world. The ubiquitous occurrence of triadimefon in aquatic environments and potential adverse effects on aquatic organisms have resulted in global concerns. In this review, the current state of knowledge on occurrence, environmental behavior, and toxic effects are presented and used to conduct an assessment of risks posed by current concentrations of triadimefon in aquatic environments.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The key findings from this review are that: (1) triadimefon occurred widely in surface waters, with high rates of detection; (2) abiotic degradation of triadimefon was affected by many factors. Stereoselectivity was found during biotic degradation and metabolism of triadimefon. Different enantiomers can cause various adverse effects, which complicates the assessment and requires enantiomers-specific considerations; (3) triadimefon exposure can affect organisms by causing multiple toxic effects on the thyroid, reproductive system, liver, nervous system as well as carcinogenicity and teratogenicity, and it can also act synergistically with other pesticides. Long-term, low-dose effects were considered to be the main characteristics of toxic effects of triadimefon; (4) results of the risk assessment based on probabilistic relationships represented by joint probability curves (JPCs) indicated that risk of triadimefon was classified as low risk.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Triadimefon occurred widely in surface waters, with high rates of detection, while the concentration data of triadimefon in surface water is insufficient. Researches about toxic effects and mechanisms of triadimefon on invertebrate are needed. Meanwhile, researches about toxic effects and environmental exposure of chiral monomers are also required. Due to its reproductive toxicity, triadimefon might result in adverse effects on the population level or even on the ecosystem level. Risk assessments for pesticides that cause long-term and low-dose effects on aquatic organisms such as triadimefon need to consider higher-level ecological risk.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54293,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://enveurope.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12302-022-00590-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4819359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk and sustainability: trade-offs and synergies for robust decision making","authors":"Michael Z. Hauschild,&nbsp;Thomas E. McKone,&nbsp;Karsten Arnbjerg-Nielsen,&nbsp;Tine Hald,&nbsp;Bo F. Nielsen,&nbsp;Stefan E. Mabit,&nbsp;Peter Fantke","doi":"10.1186/s12302-021-00587-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-021-00587-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Decisions about the development of new marketed technologies or products invariably come with consequences for economy, society and the environment. Environmental and health risk assessment on the one hand and sustainability assessment on the other hand are tools that offer different but complementary information about such consequences. Conflicts or synergies between the two tools may arise when there are trade-offs between considerations of specific risks and safety versus long-term sustainability. There is a compelling case for a combined assessment of both sustainability and risks, also in support of a successful safe and sustainable-by-design (SSbD) approach, but this is not straightforward. We offer a roadmap showing when the two assessment tools should be applied together and how to combine them in a consistent way, to support more robust decision-making. Four alternative approaches are evaluated against six performance criteria to recommend an approach that makes use of the broader and more generic sustainability assessment as a baseline and includes iterative applications of risk and sustainability assessment elements to increase specificity, reliability and relevance of the assessment results. The recommended approach provides a basis for better-informed decisions about technology choices for policy and societal stakeholders.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54293,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://enveurope.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12302-021-00587-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4793056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth and chemotaxis of nematodes reduced upon exposure to Third Fork Creek surface water","authors":"Carresse Gerald,&nbsp;Boris Deshazo,&nbsp;Hayden Patterson,&nbsp;Porché Spence","doi":"10.1186/s12302-021-00579-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-021-00579-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Third Fork Creek is a historically impaired urban stream that flows through the city of Durham, North Carolina. <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (<i>C. elegans</i>) are non-parasitic, soil and aquatic dwelling nematodes that have been used frequently as a biological and ecotoxicity model. We hypothesize that exposure to Third Fork Creek surface water will inhibit the growth and chemotaxis of <i>C. elegans</i>. Using our ring assay model, nematodes were enticed to cross the water samples to reach a bacterial food source which allowed observation of chemotaxis. The total number of nematodes found in the bacterial food source and the middle of the plate with the water source was recorded for 3 days.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Our findings suggest a reduction in chemotaxis and growth on day three in nematodes exposed to Third Fork Creek water samples when compared to the control (<i>p</i> value &lt; 0.05). These exploratory data provide meaningful insight to the quality of Third Fork Creek located near a Historically Black University.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Further studies are necessary to elucidate the concentrations of the water contaminants and implications for human health. The relevance of this study lies within the model <i>C</i>. <i>elegans</i> that has been used in a plethora of human diseases and exposure research but can be utilized as an environmental indicator of water quality impairment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54293,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://enveurope.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12302-021-00579-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4571609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The bisphenol F and bisphenol S and cardiovascular disease: results from NHANES 2013–2016","authors":"Ruihua Wang,&nbsp;Qiaoyuan Fei,&nbsp;Shan Liu,&nbsp;Xueqiong Weng,&nbsp;Huanzhu Liang,&nbsp;Yingying Wu,&nbsp;Lin Wen,&nbsp;Guang Hao,&nbsp;Guangwen Cao,&nbsp;Chunxia Jing","doi":"10.1186/s12302-021-00586-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-021-00586-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS) have replaced bisphenol A (BPA) in the manufacturing of products containing polycarbonates and epoxy resins; however, the effects of these substitutes on the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, heart attack, and stroke, have not been assessed.</p><h3>Objective</h3><p>To examine the association of urinary BPS and BPF with CVD risk in a U.S. representative U.S. population.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Cross-sectional data from 1267 participants aged 20–80 years from the 2013–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed. Survey-weighted multiple logistic regression was used to assess the association between BPA, BPF, BPS and CVD. The Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) model was applied to assess the mixture effect.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 138 patients with CVD were identified. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the T3 tertile concentration of BPS increased the risk of total CVD (OR: 1.99, 95% CI 1.16–3.40). When stratified by age, we found that BPS increased the risk of CVD in the 50–80 age group (OR: 1.40, 95% CI 1.05–1.87). BPS was positively associated with the risk of coronary heart disease, and the T3 tertile concentration of BPS increased the coronary heart disease risk by 2.22 times (95% CI 1.04–4.74). No significant association was observed between BPF and CVD. Although the BKMR model did not identify the mixed exposure effect of BPS, the risk of CVD increased with increasing compound concentration.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our results suggest that BPS may increase the risk of total CVD and coronary heart disease in the US population, and prospective studies are needed to confirm the results.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54293,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://enveurope.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12302-021-00586-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4416515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of environmental factors on human semen quality and male fertility: a narrative review","authors":"Naina Kumar,&nbsp;Amit Kant Singh","doi":"10.1186/s12302-021-00585-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-021-00585-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Worldwide rising trend in infertility has been observed in the past few years with male infertility arising as a major problem. One main reason for the rise in male infertility cases is declining semen quality. It was found that any factor that affects semen quality can affect male fertility. There are several modifiable factors affecting semen quality including air pollution, use of pesticides and harmful chemicals, exposure to excessive heat, and can lead to decreased male fertility.</p><h3>Main body</h3><p>The present review focuses on some of these environmental factors that affect semen quality and hence, can cause male infertility. The literature from 2000 till June 2021 was searched from various English peer-reviewed journals and WHO fact sheets using the USA National Library of Medicine (PubMed) database, the regional portal of Virtual Health Library, and Scientific Electronic Library Online. The search terms used were: “Air pollution and male fertility”, “Chemicals and male infertility”, “Heat exposure and infertility”, “heavy metals and male fertility”.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Adverse environmental factors have a significant impact on semen quality, leading to decreased sperm concentration, total sperm count, motility, viability, and increased abnormal sperm morphology, sperm DNA fragmentation, ultimately causing male infertility. However, all these factors are modifiable and reversible, and hence, by mere changing of lifestyle, many of these risk factors can be avoided.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54293,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://enveurope.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12302-021-00585-w","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4419015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}