Conflict and Health最新文献

{"title":"Strengthening and sustaining gender-based violence (GBV) coordination in emergencies: a synthesis of practitioner-driven, globally applicable recommendations.","authors":"Philomena Raftery, Alina Potts, Melanie Hyde, Yermeyn York Wuyke, Hira Hashmey, Liliane Munezero, Ligia Kiss, Mazeda Hossain, Jennifer Palmer","doi":"10.1186/s13031-026-00770-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13031-026-00770-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>INTRODUCTION: Gender-based violence (GBV) is a global public health and human rights crisis, requiring coordinated efforts to ensure effective prevention, risk mitigation, and response, particularly in emergencies. Despite policy commitments underlining the importance of addressing GBV in emergencies, funding remains insufficient, inconsistent, and poorly aligned with aid prioritisation in the changing humanitarian and global health financing landscape. This paper synthesizes evidence on GBV coordination in humanitarian and public health emergencies and presents global recommendations to inform policy and practice in the context of the ongoing Humanitarian Reset. METHODS: Using a three-phase qualitative methodology—comprising evidence synthesis, case study analysis, and a global expert practitioner consultation—we developed a framework and present strategic recommendations to strengthen and sustain GBV coordination in emergencies. RESULTS: Our findings identify seven strategic recommendations aimed at investing in, sustaining, and transforming GBV coordination efforts globally. Key investment priorities include expanding the GBV coordination workforce, including for risk mitigation, prioritizing and systematically addressing GBV within public health emergencies, and investing in information management systems and strategic research. To sustain GBV coordination, we recommend adapting funding models, diversifying financial sources, advancing national leadership and localization, and implementing context-specific coordination approaches, including at the sub-national level. Furthermore, we propose that emergencies can serve as catalysts for broader social and legal transformations that advance GBV prevention and gender equality. CONCLUSION: Rather than accepting the deprioritisation of GBV coordination as an inevitable consequence of funding reductions framed as efficiency gains, our findings underscore the critical value of maintaining a dedicated focus on GBV within humanitarian coordination. Our findings provide practical, evidence-based recommendations and a global framework for policymakers, donors, and practitioners to strengthen and sustain GBV coordination in diverse emergency contexts. Sustained progress will require collective commitment to address GBV, even as funding landscapes change, and the backlash against gender equality continues to intensify. </p>","PeriodicalId":54287,"journal":{"name":"Conflict and Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13001181/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147373601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geographic disparities and determinants of DTP3 vaccination coverage among children aged 0-59 months in Somalia: a multilevel analysis.","authors":"Mohamed Abdirahim Omar, Mohamud Ali Mohamud, Abdifatah Ibrahim Mouse, Abdisalam Hassan Muse","doi":"10.1186/s13031-026-00777-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13031-026-00777-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In Somalia, a fragile state characterized by protracted conflict and fragmented health governance, childhood immunization remains a critical challenge. The third dose of the Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis (DTP3) vaccine serves as a key indicator of health system performance and retention. This study aimed to identify structural and individual-level determinants of DTP3 coverage to understand the inequities in this humanitarian setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from the 2020 Somali Health and Demographic Survey (SHDS). A total sample of 1,268 children was analyzed. Multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression models were fitted to account for the hierarchical structure of the data (children nested within communities). Fixed effects were reported as adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall prevalence of DTP3 vaccination coverage was 39.51% [95% CI: 36.85-42.23]. At the individual level, higher maternal education (Secondary vs. no education: aOR = 1.83; 95% CI: 1.07-3.12), wealth status (Rich vs. poor: aOR = 2.41; 95% CI: 1.53-3.79), and antenatal care (ANC) attendance (3-4 visits vs. zero visits: aOR = 2.19; 95% CI: 1.43-3.36) were significantly associated with higher odds of vaccination. Older children had higher odds of vaccination compared to infants, suggesting delayed rather than timely uptake. At the community level, children in rural (aOR = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.28-0.57) and urban (aOR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.45-0.91) areas had lower odds of vaccination compared to those in nomadic communities. Significant regional disparities were also observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>DTP3 coverage in Somalia is critically below the WHO 90% target. Vaccination status is shaped by a complex interplay of socioeconomic status, maternal healthcare utilization, and geographic location. Policy interventions must urgently address the 'urban penalty' identified in this study, where settled urban-poor populations now face lower odds of vaccination than nomadic groups targeted by mobile outreach.</p>","PeriodicalId":54287,"journal":{"name":"Conflict and Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13059285/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147328008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supporting teachers in a war zone: a mixed methods study of a brief intervention in the context of ongoing war.","authors":"Gerlinde C Harb, Majed Qishawi, Steffi Gebus, Jon-Håkon Schultz","doi":"10.1186/s13031-026-00775-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13031-026-00775-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the ongoing war in Gaza, teachers face a dual burden as caregivers supporting traumatized children and as community members exposed to the same violence and trauma. Teachers are therefore at high risk for burnout and supporting teachers' well-being is critical during war. In the context of extreme stress and crisis, supporting those who deliver psychosocial support to children is essential. This paper presents the development, implementation and piloting of an intervention to improve teachers' psychological well-being self-care during war.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A bottom-up approach was used to assess the needs and difficulties of Gazan teachers using \"listening sessions,\" and a group intervention was co-developed in collaboration with those living and working in the war zone. A mixed-methods design was employed for the pilot study, utilizing quantitative data from a pre- and post-assessment tool completed by teachers in Gaza (n = 33) and in the West Bank (n = 24), alongside qualitative data from listening sessions with teachers, steering committee meetings, and field notes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Listening sessions revealed that Gazan teachers felt overwhelmed by intense and ongoing traumatic events and loss alongside significant ongoing external stressors. Based on these findings, a 3-session intervention focusing on self-care and peer support was developed and piloted. Quantitative data showed significant pre-post improvements in well-being (t(48) = 7.48), coping skills (t(48) = 7.13), and sense of meaning t(49) = 3.56), while qualitative findings highlighted increased cognitive flexibility and focus through social support, new awareness and insights, and coping strategies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This brief and feasible support intervention for teachers showed significant very positive effects on their subjective sense of well-being and coping in the midst of war stressors. It is expected that the teachers' improved coping during wartime will also increase their ability to positively interact with the stressed and traumatized children they support in educational settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":54287,"journal":{"name":"Conflict and Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13059261/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147322341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caregivers´ qualitative insights on trust, resilience and vaccination attitudes shaping child health in conflict-affected Northeast Nigeria.","authors":"Liliana Abreu, Pia Schrage, Gbadebo Collins Adeyanju, Rabiu Ibrahim Jalo, Aisha Aliyu Abulfathi, Musa Muhammad Bello, Aminatu Ayaba Kwaku, Muhammad Ibrahim Jalo, Ahmad Mahmud, Max Schaub","doi":"10.1186/s13031-026-00753-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13031-026-00753-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Northeast Nigeria, particularly the conflict-affected Borno, Yobe and Adamawa (BAY) states, has some of the highest under-five mortality rates in the world. Armed conflict, damaged health infrastructure and systemic poverty have significantly reduced access to healthcare. This study explores how health-seeking behaviour among caregivers of children under five intersects with trust in health systems, exposure to violence and vaccine hesitancy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A qualitative study was conducted using nine focus group discussions (FGDs) with 72 caregivers living in conflict-affected communities in the BAY states. Participants were purposively selected, and discussions explored barriers to accessing healthcare, trust in health systems, the impact of conflict on health-seeking behaviour and perceptions of childhood vaccinations. Data were analysed thematically using a conventional content analysis approach, allowing codes and themes to emerge inductively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Health-seeking behaviour was shaped by a complex interplay of poverty, dysfunctional health infrastructure and profound mistrust of governmental institutions, all of which were exacerbated by prolonged exposure to violence. Patriarchal norms played a central role in decision-making processes, often limiting women's autonomy when it came to accessing care. Vaccine hesitancy was influenced by misinformation, knowledge gaps and limited community engagement. However, caregivers with access to reliable information sources, such as community networks and local media, showed more positive attitudes towards immunisation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Efforts to improve maternal and child health in conflict-affected regions must prioritise trust-building, strengthening the health system in a culturally sensitive way and implementing targeted communication strategies. Leveraging community engagement and resilience is essential to reducing barriers to care and address vaccine hesitancy in fragile contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":54287,"journal":{"name":"Conflict and Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13049947/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147322346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and correlates of modifiable and environmental risk factors for non communicable diseases among refugees and asylum seekers in Northern Kenya.","authors":"Wamalwa Emmanuel, Khamati Sylvia, Ngereso Kevin, Nyoike Martin, Bitok Monicah","doi":"10.1186/s13031-026-00771-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13031-026-00771-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are increasingly prevalent in humanitarian settings, yet modifiable and environmental risk factors among displaced populations remain poorly characterized. Refugees in protracted settlements face elevated exposure to risks such as unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, substance use, and indoor air pollution. This study assessed the prevalence and socio-demographic patterns of key NCD risk factors among adult refugees and asylum seekers in the Kalobeyei Integrated Settlement, northern Kenya.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional mixed-methods study was conducted with 488 adults selected through multi-stage sampling. Structured household surveys assessed modifiable (tobacco and alcohol use, physical activity, diet, salt intake) and environmental (cooking and lighting fuel) NCD risk factors. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression identified significant associations. Additionally, 18 key informant interviews and 3 focus group discussions were conducted and analyzed thematically.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nearly all participants (99.6%) reported at least two NCD risk exposures, and 88% had three or more. Lifetime alcohol use was reported by 16.2%, with low education independently associated (OR = 3.51, p = 0.017). Tobacco use (6.1%) occurred only among Christians or those with no religion. Only 33.8% met World Health Organization (WHO) physical activity guidelines, with these same groups more likely to be active (OR = 5.82, p < 0.001). Low fruit and vegetable intake was widespread, while high salt use (22.8%) was more common among Muslims and older adults. Nearly all households (98.2%) relied on polluting cooking fuels, and over half used polluting lighting sources, disproportionately affecting non-Muslims. Compared to national benchmarks (Kenya STEPwise Survey, 2015), refugees in Kalobeyei reported lower substance use but substantially higher physical inactivity, dietary inadequacy, and environmental exposure. Religious affiliation functioned as a contextual marker for broader sociocultural, gendered, and infrastructural dynamics shaping risk profiles.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Refugees in Kalobeyei experience a high burden of overlapping NCD risk factors, shaped by structural inequalities, service access deficits, and sociocultural context. Addressing these risks requires multisectoral, culturally responsive strategies that integrate health, nutrition, energy, and protection systems in protracted humanitarian settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":54287,"journal":{"name":"Conflict and Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13041177/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147312441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute kidney injury among hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Sudan: a single-centre retrospective study.","authors":"Maab Elhadi Mohammed, Emmanuel Edwar Siddig, Bashir A Yousef, Moataz M Hassan, Yaman Walid Kassab, Abdul Salam Nazmi, Saad S Alqahtani, Kannan O Ahmed","doi":"10.1186/s13031-026-00776-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13031-026-00776-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of COVID-19 and may lead to persistent kidney dysfunction. Little is known about Sudan. This study aimed to assess the incidence, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of AKI among COVID-19 patients in tertiary hospital settings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively evaluated 868 of 990 adults with confirmed COVID-19 admitted to a Khartoum Teaching Hospital's COVID-19 isolation center, Khartoum, Sudan in 2021. Patients on maintenance dialysis or with incomplete core data were excluded. AKI was defined was defined using Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria and staged according to Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, and End-stage renal disease criteria. Outcomes included in-hospital mortality and renal status at discharge. Comparisons used chi-square tests, and multivariable logistic regression identified independent predictors of survival.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AKI occurred in 46% of hospitalized patients, mainly older males with hypertension or diabetes. The severity ranged widely. In-hospital mortality was 69%, and renal recovery among survivors was frequently incomplete. Multivariable analysis showed that increasing age (adjusted OR 0.970 per year), elevated D-dimer (adjusted OR 0.834 per µg/mL), and requirement for mechanical ventilation (adjusted OR 0.101) were independently associated with lower survival, whereas admission creatinine, urea, and nephrotoxin exposure were not independent predictors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>COVID-19-associated AKI was common and linked with high mortality and incomplete renal recovery. Early risk stratification using age and D-dimer, close renal monitoring, and strengthened critical care and dialysis capacity are essential in resource-limited settings. Prospective multicenter studies are needed to refine risk prediction and optimize management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":54287,"journal":{"name":"Conflict and Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13041277/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147312457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hospital functionality in the Gaza Strip: analysis of the World Health Organization health resources and services availability monitoring system database, 7 Oct 2023 to 31 Oct 2024.","authors":"David Mills, Yara Asi, Dennis Kunichoff, Erica Nelson, Juliana Nasser, Shannon Barkley, Ryan Arias Delafosse, Corey Scher, Osama Tanous, Weeam Hammoudeh, Bram Wispelwey, Nadine Bahour, Richard Peeperkorn, Egmond Evers, Lianne Gonsalves, Jamon Van Den Hoek, P Gregg Greenough","doi":"10.1186/s13031-026-00772-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13031-026-00772-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Since October 2023, the destruction of Gaza's health care system and the barriers to providing critical hospital-based health care services to the Palestinian population have been extensively documented.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The objective of this study was to provide an aggregate and by-governornate descriptive analysis of individual hospital functionality and hospital system capacity over the first 13 months of conflict.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-five public, private, and non-governmental hospitals were analyzed from 7 October 2023 to 31 October 2024. Data sources included WHO 'rapid response' database and the WHO Health Resources and Services Availability Monitoring System. Data were combined to create a longitudinal and spatial representation of individual hospital capacity status (fully, partially, minimally, and nonfunctional). Hospital functionality status was weighted and aggregated to provide a proxy estimate of total hospital system capacity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>By 28 October 2023, 71.4% (n = 25) of hospitals were in the partially functional status, and 28.6% (n = 10) hospitals were rendered nonfunctional. Hospital system functionality hit its lowest point (13.9%) on 5 April 2024 and did not exceed 33% after December 2023. The largest number of hospitals in nonfunctional status was twenty-five, which occurred twice during the study period, once in November 2023 and again in April 2024, resulting in 71.4% nonfunctional status among all hospitals.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides additional evidence that the Gaza Strip's hospital system was directly affected by the first year of the conflict, greatly impacting the ability to provide critical health services.</p>","PeriodicalId":54287,"journal":{"name":"Conflict and Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13041049/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147277728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of political instability on HIV services in conflict-affected areas of Myanmar following the military coup: a qualitative study.","authors":"M M Mon, Kyaw Soe Thant, H A Khaing, P P Kyaw, T S Lwin, Estella Oo","doi":"10.1186/s13031-026-00759-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13031-026-00759-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>People living with HIV (PLHIV) and individuals at risk require consistent access to comprehensive HIV services. Political instability exacerbates existing challenges in HIV care by disrupting health systems, leading to medicine shortages, depletion of the healthcare workforce, and damage to essential infrastructure. Since 2021 military coup in Myanmar, there has been a lack of updated information on the status of HIV services in conflict-affected areas.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional online qualitative study was conducted from July to December 2024 in conflict-affected regions (Sagaing, Magway and Bago regions) of Myanmar. In-depth interviews (IDIs) and key informant interviews (KIIs) were conducted via the Zoom platform with 18 healthcare providers from hospitals/clinics and health administrators, and 10 PLHIV from a trusted network. Participants were recruited through purposive sampling. Thematic analysis was applied, and triangulation was performed across different participant groups to enhance the validity of the findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 28 participants were included in the study. Since 2021, HIV prevention services have been severely constrained due to limited resources and ongoing conflict. While all pregnant women are screened for HIV during antenatal care, the availability of PMTCT (prevention of mother-to-child transmission) syrup for newborns remains extremely limited. Antiretroviral drugs for post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) are available in only certain facilities, and in limited quantities. HIV testing services are available in most areas, primarily at health facilities, but confirmatory testing is restricted to a small number of general health centers. Early infant diagnosis is not universally available. Many PLHIV remain on waiting lists to start antiretroviral therapy (ART), with prioritization based on disease severity and local security conditions. Baseline investigations and medications for opportunistic infections are largely unavailable. Some PLHIV have been referred to the TeleRed HIV telemedicine clinic. ART interruption has been reported due to travel restrictions, internet and mobile service disruptions, and security threats. Many areas are affected by airstrikes, conflict, and a lack of essential medicines and supplies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the impact of political instability on HIV services in conflict-affected areas of Myanmar. Key challenges include limited prevention services, ART shortages, and reduced accessibility to care. Without timely and comprehensive interventions to address these gaps, a rise in new HIV infections and advanced HIV disease is anticipated in the coming years.</p>","PeriodicalId":54287,"journal":{"name":"Conflict and Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13032656/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146260000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of visual impairment, ocular trauma, and ocular disorders among conflict-affected and displaced populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Fatima Elbasri Abuelgasim Mohammed, Anas Alamoudi, Jana Mahmoud Alyousef, Rana Mulfi Al Jasser, Ahmed Ghazi Alasmari, Abdulaziz Othman Al Khaldi, Shaden Mohammed Alhazmi, Khadija Tariq Habib, Abdullah AlHajraf, Abdalwahab Alenezy, Batool Mohammed Alhashidi, Amal Saeed A Althagafi, Sara Almesfer, Shaima ShamsEldeen KhalfAllah Ahmed, Tragi Ahmed Ali Elshaigi","doi":"10.1186/s13031-026-00765-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13031-026-00765-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Conflicts and forced displacement often leave behind severe health consequences, including a significant burden of eye diseases and injuries. Refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) face increased risk due to limited access to eye care services and exposure to trauma. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the prevalence and outcomes of ocular injuries and diseases in displaced and conflict-affected populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect databases for studies published between January 2000 and April 2025. Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Data extraction, risk of bias assessment using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and meta-analyses were conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Prevalence estimates were pooled using a random-effects model, and subgroup analyses were performed by study design.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The review included 19 studies from 14 countries, with a combined sample of 59,728 participants. Ophthalmic trauma had a pooled prevalence of 22.7%, while phthisis bulbi, a severe outcome of eye trauma, had a prevalence of 3.6%. Among non-traumatic conditions, cataract was the most frequently reported, with a pooled prevalence of 5.5%, followed by glaucoma (1.7%) and refractive errors (26.0%). Blindness affected 2.5% of the studied populations, while severe visual impairment had a pooled prevalence of 7.3%. Reliable pooled estimates for mild and moderate visual impairment were heterogeneous and variably reported, and therefore a single consolidated range (e.g., 7.3%-19.4%) may overstate precision and should be interpreted cautiously.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Displaced and conflict-affected populations bear a substantial burden of both traumatic and non-traumatic eye conditions, often worsened by limited access to timely diagnosis and treatment. The findings highlight the urgent need for integrating eye health services into humanitarian response plans, with a focus on early detection, rehabilitation, and continuity of care to reduce preventable vision loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":54287,"journal":{"name":"Conflict and Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13020064/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146229675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trauma-informed peacebuilding: a systematic mapping review of training programs.","authors":"Lars Dumke, Susanne Heumann-Schoop, Emily Brandenburg, Malte Behrendt, Ingo Schäfer","doi":"10.1186/s13031-026-00773-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13031-026-00773-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The psychosocial consequences of conflict and trauma exposure place a significant burden on individuals, communities, and on the social fabric essential for rebuilding peace. There is growing recognition of the need to integrate trauma-informed approaches into peacebuilding efforts. However, little is known about how practitioners are being equipped for this work, what training programs exist, and what core components they include.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic mapping review aims to systematically map and characterize existing training programs on trauma-informed peacebuilding, specifically examining their core components and implementation modalities. An initial systematic search of bibliographic databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed) yielded no relevant results. Therefore, a systematic web search of non-bibliographic material was conducted in line with Cochrane's guidelines. A total of 2,400 results were screened, and 21 relevant training initiatives were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The review identified 15 facilitated and six non-facilitated programs. Training providers were primarily non-governmental organizations based in high-income Western countries, with half of all programs originating in the United States. Thematic analysis of training contents revealed seven core components: (1) defining and conceptualizing trauma, (2) realizing the impact of trauma on peace and peacebuilding efforts, (3) self-care and resilience strategies for peace practitioners, (4) psychosocial support skills to address trauma and foster resilience in communities, (5) integrating trauma-informed practices into programs and organizations, (6) ethical considerations, and (7) cultural competence and contextual awareness.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Despite increasing demand, training efforts in trauma-informed peacebuilding remain fragmented, unevenly distributed, and unevaluated. This review highlights the need for more accessible, contextually relevant, and evidence-informed training initiatives. Recommendations are provided to guide future training development and inform policy and practice aimed at strengthening trauma-informed capacities in peacebuilding.</p>","PeriodicalId":54287,"journal":{"name":"Conflict and Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12930582/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146229637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}