Diseases of the Esophagus最新文献

{"title":"Retrospective analysis of the optimal timing of immunotherapy in patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a window of opportunity.","authors":"Wenjing Wang, Lisha Ye, Kaiyi Ruan, Huihui Li, Weimin Mao, Yongling Ji, Xiaoling Xu","doi":"10.1093/dote/doag038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/dote/doag038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to define the optimal 'treatment window' for ICI therapy to maximize survival. In this retrospective cohort study, 149 advanced ESCC patients treated with ICIs were analyzed. Progression-free-survival (PFS) and overall-survival (OS) were assessed using Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox models. The median duration of ICI therapy was 21.0 months, with a median follow-up of 34.6 months. Treatment ≥12 months emerged as critical, significantly improving median PFS (14.0 m vs. 9.1, P = 0.006) and median OS (20.5 m vs. 16.8 m, P = 0.022). The survival benefit increased with longer durations (e.g. ≥24 months). For patients with stable disease (SD), maintaining therapy for ≥12 months was crucial, significantly improving OS (19.2 m vs. 15.5 m, P < 0.001), particularly with second-line or later ICI therapy. Subgroup analyses confirmed the robustness of the 12-month threshold, showing significant PFS and OS benefits in patients receiving second-line or later therapy (PFS: 13.4 m vs. 8.6 m, P = 0.031; OS: 20.5 m vs. 16.6 m, P = 0.015) and combination ICI therapy (PFS: 14.1 m vs. 8.3 m, P = 0.004; OS: 20.1 m vs. 16.8 m, P = 0.041). This real-world study identifies a 12-month minimum ICI treatment window for advanced ESCC, with optimal benefit extending to 24 months and beyond, particularly crucial for SD or later-line/combination therapy cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":54277,"journal":{"name":"Diseases of the Esophagus","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147789016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postoperative pulmonary complications after esophagectomy: risk factors and prediction model.","authors":"Dillen C van der Aa, Rahaf Khatib, Wietse J Eshuis, Freek Daams, Suzanne S Gisbertz, Mark van Berge Henegouwen","doi":"10.1093/dote/doag041","DOIUrl":"10.1093/dote/doag041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) affect up to one-third of patients undergoing esophagectomy and remain a major contributor to postoperative morbidity. This study aimed to identify pre- and perioperative risk factors for PPCs and to develop a predictive model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study included patients who underwent esophagectomy for esophageal or gastroesophageal junction cancer at Amsterdam UMC between 2013 and 2023. PPCs included pneumonia, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, atelectasis, respiratory failure, aspiration, acute respiratory distress syndrome, tracheobronchial fistula, and persistent air leakage. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression with backward selection were used to identify predictors. Model performance was assessed with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 960 patients, 254 (26.5%) developed at least one PPC. Independent predictors were smoking status (former: OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.03-2.06; current: OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.15-2.63), non-epidural analgesia (paravertebral: OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.03-2.17; other: OR 1.57, 95% CI 0.88-2.82), and cervical versus intrathoracic anastomosis (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.17-2.29). Drain configuration also influenced the risk of PPC: one-sided double drains were protective (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.25-0.91), whereas bilateral drains increased the risk (OR 2.60, 95% CI 1.38-4.87), compared with one-sided single drains. The model demonstrated modest discrimination after validation of AUC: 0.598.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Smoking, paravertebral analgesia, cervical anastomosis, and bilateral drains were independently associated with increased PPC risk. Although predictive performance was modest, these modifiable and structural factors inform perioperative management. Future models should incorporate intraoperative and physiological variables to improve risk stratification.</p>","PeriodicalId":54277,"journal":{"name":"Diseases of the Esophagus","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13096804/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147730711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Limitations of 24-hour MII-pH monitoring to diagnose functional heartburn: a diagnostic reassessment.","authors":"Tomoaki Matsumura, Michiko Sonoda, Takeshi Suzuki, Toshitaka Hoppo, Yosuke Seki, Tomomi Ozaki, Satsuki Takahashi, Hiromi Arakawa, Miyuki Iwasaki, Tsubasa Ishikawa, Tatsuya Kaneko, Yuki Ohta, Takashi Taida, Hang Viet Dao, Atsuko Kikuchi, Kenichiro Okimoto, Jun Kato","doi":"10.1093/dote/doag034","DOIUrl":"10.1093/dote/doag034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Functional heartburn (FH) is typically diagnosed by 24-hour multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH (MII-pH) monitoring; however, relying solely on 24-hour MII-pH may miss gastroesophageal reflux events due to day-to-day variability. In addition, since FH is a diagnosis of exclusion, other underlying conditions may be undiagnosed. This study aimed to assess the clinical course of FH and identify potential alternative diagnoses. Patients with heartburn refractory to proton pump inhibitors or potassium-competitive acid blockers who underwent endoscopy, high-resolution manometry, and MII-pH monitoring after discontinuation of acid-suppressive therapy and met diagnostic criteria for FH were retrospectively analyzed. Symptom severity was assessed using the frequency scale for the symptoms of GERD. Of 114 patients with refractory heartburn, 46 (40.4%) were diagnosed with FH. Of them, 42 patients were included in the analysis. During a mean follow-up of 18.1 months, six patients underwent hypopharyngeal impedance-pH monitoring, and four were diagnosed with laryngopharyngeal reflux disease; one of them underwent laparoscopic anti-reflux surgery, resulting in symptomatic improvement. Additionally, one patient each was diagnosed with unstable angina, atlantoaxial subluxation, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and somatoform disorder. Patients with unstable angina and atlantoaxial subluxation underwent the treatment of underlying conditions and had complete resolution of symptoms. Approximately 20% of patients initially diagnosed with FH were subsequently found to have alternative diagnoses. One-time, conventional 24-hour MII-pH testing may not be accurate to diagnose FH. Therefore, even after the initial diagnosis of FH, a meticulous long-term follow-up remains essential to identify initially unrecognized conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":54277,"journal":{"name":"Diseases of the Esophagus","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147730679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peristalsis of the gastric conduit post-esophagectomy: is it relevant? Detailed conduit analysis using dynamic magnetic resonance imaging.","authors":"Kaleb Lourensz, Anagi Wickremasinghe, Shalini Bigwood, Yazmin Johari, Paul Beech, Geoff Hebbard, Paul Burton, Wendy A Brown","doi":"10.1093/dote/doag045","DOIUrl":"10.1093/dote/doag045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The incidence of esophageal cancer resections is rising, and survivorship improving. Consequently, more patients are living longer with gastric conduits and enduring the associated morbidity. Gastric conduit shape and peristalsis are believed to mediate conduit function, gastrointestinal symptoms, and quality of life (QoL). However, the relationship between anatomical variations, peristaltic function, and conduit emptying remains largely undefined. This prospective observational study recruited patients with gastric conduits at least 2 years post-esophagectomy and controls with normal gastric anatomy. Dynamic and static MRI sequences were obtained following porridge ingestion. Nuclear scintigraphy conduit emptying studies were available for 17 out of 18 (94%) patients. QoL questionnaire data were collected. Eighteen patients with conduits and 12 controls were recruited. Peristalsis was measurable in 15 conduits. There was no difference in peristaltic wave frequency between conduits and controls (5 waves per 90 seconds in each group) or median Gastric Motility Index Interquartile Range (IQR) 35.45 mm2/second (17.3-47.5) vs 36.5 mm2/second (9.8-99.4) p = 0.61. Gastric emptying was significantly reduced in conduit patients (0.10% vs 15% p = 0.01). Acute angulation and conduits wider than 4 cm were associated with slower emptying (444 minutes vs 127 minutes, p = 0.025) and (286 minutes vs 76 minutes, p = 0.02), respectively. Delayed emptying demonstrated a significant positive correlation with reflux (rs0.614, p = 0.009) and increased gastrointestinal symptoms (rs0.553, p = 0.021). Peristalsis is present in most conduits, but it does not correlate with improved emptying. Anatomical features, particularly conduit angulation and width influence conduit function. These findings may guide further research into optimizing conduit formation and treating dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":54277,"journal":{"name":"Diseases of the Esophagus","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13127142/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147788820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence and risk factors of short-term cardiovascular events in esophageal cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy.","authors":"Wei-Chieh Lee, Ching-Chieh Yang, Yi-Chen Chen, Chung-Han Ho, Jhih-Yuan Shih, Zhih-Cherng Chen, Wei-Ting Chang","doi":"10.1093/dote/doag037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/dote/doag037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Advances in cancer treatment have improved survival rates, but radiation induced cardiovascular events remain a concern, especially in esophageal cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. This study investigates the incidence and risk factors for cardiovascular events in this population. From 2009 to 2016, 5302 esophageal cancer patients were analyzed in the retrospective case control study. Patients were categorized based on the occurrence of cardiovascular events, and analyses of the association between radiotherapy and cardiovascular events. Demographic data, comorbidities, and treatment details were assessed. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for risk factors were calculated. Among the patients, 209 (3.94%) developed cardiovascular events. These patients were older (61.83 ± 11.78 vs. 56.18 ± 10.18 years, P < 0.001) and had higher rates of coronary artery disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, and hypertension. Radiotherapy was not significantly associated with increased cardiovascular risk (aOR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.59-1.65), but heart failure (HF) and cardiomyopathy showed a numerically higher incidence in survivors (aOR: 3.69, 95% CI: 0.90-15.13). Arrhythmias (52.15%) and HF (25.36%) were the most frequent complications, occurring within a median of 6.38 months. The 12-month mortality rate was 48.43%. Cardiovascular complications remain a concern in esophageal cancer patients post-radiotherapy, especially in elderly individuals with comorbidities. Early risk assessment, multidisciplinary care, and careful attention to radiation dose and systemic therapy are critical.</p>","PeriodicalId":54277,"journal":{"name":"Diseases of the Esophagus","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147724579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lessons learned: the importance of timely recognition of verrucous squamous cell carcinoma in the esophagus.","authors":"Nanda Provoost, Pauline A Zellenrath, Elisabeth P C Plompen, Lindsey Oudijk, Edith M Koehler, W Utomo, Antonie J P van Tilburg, Marie-Paule Anten, Wouter L Hazen, Hüseyin Aktaş, Arjun D Koch, Judith Honing, Manon C W Spaander","doi":"10.1093/dote/doag021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/dote/doag021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Verrucous carcinoma of the esophagus (VCE) is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma that poses diagnostic challenges due to nonspecific endoscopic and histologic findings. Its typical Candida overgrowth and hyperkeratotic, non-malignant superficial layer, combined with biopsy results showing fungal hyphae and minimal cytological atypia, are often misleading. Consequently, VCE is frequently diagnosed at advanced stages, limiting curative treatment options and contributing to poor outcomes. Clinicians should consider VCE in patients with persistent verrucous or hyperkeratotic esophageal lesions, especially in the setting of chronic Candida esophagitis. In this commentary, we reflect on seven cases diagnosed at a Dutch tertiary referral center to illustrate diagnostic pitfalls, discuss various treatment options, and offer guidance for improved recognition of VCE. By facilitating earlier diagnosis, curative treatment through endoscopic resection becomes more feasible, ultimately improving patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":54277,"journal":{"name":"Diseases of the Esophagus","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147437197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TWIST-R: a suggested way to classify hiatus hernias.","authors":"John M Findlay, Owain A Barratt, Yasmin Abouelella, Thomas Badenoch, Iea Alabbasi, Matthew Wiggans, David Bunting, David L Sanders","doi":"10.1093/dote/doag023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/dote/doag023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54277,"journal":{"name":"Diseases of the Esophagus","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147476392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Randomized trial of intralesional steroid injection versus oral prednisolone for preventing esophageal stricture after extensive endoscopic submucosal dissection.","authors":"Joel Fernandez de Oliveira, Bruno Costa Martins, Renata Nobre Moura, Gustavo Andrade de Paulo, Luciano Lenz, Marcelo Simas de Lima, Adriana Vaz Safatle-Ribeiro, Fauze Maluf-Filho","doi":"10.1093/dote/doag027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/dote/doag027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is the preferred treatment for early esophageal neoplasms. However, ESD involving more than three-quarters of the esophageal circumference often leads to stricture formation. While corticosteroids are widely used to prevent strictures, the optimal route of administration remains unclear. This study aimed to compare submucosal corticosteroid injection (IC) with oral corticosteroid administration (OC) in decreasing the number of dilations required for stricture resolution, stricture rate, and stricture resolution rate. This was a single-center, open-label, randomized clinical trial. Thirty patients with esophageal mucosal defects involving more than three-quarters of the esophageal circumference were enrolled and randomly assigned to two groups. The IC group received 100 mg of triamcinolone injected into the resection bed immediately after the procedure. The OC group was given oral prednisolone starting 3 days post-ESD, initially at 30 mg/day, tapered over 8 weeks. A total of 30 patients were included, 15 in each group. The OC group required significantly fewer dilation sessions than the IC group (5 vs. 19; P = 0.04). However, the stricture rate was similar between the groups (OC: 66.7% vs. IC: 40%; P = 0.27), as well as the stricture resolution rate (OC: 50% vs. IC: 40%; P > 0.99). No significant differences were observed in other adverse events or blood glucose levels between the groups. Oral corticosteroids resulted in fewer dilation sessions to resolve strictures after extensive esophageal ESD compared to intralesional injections. No differences were observed in stricture rates or other adverse events between the two groups. ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04498260).</p>","PeriodicalId":54277,"journal":{"name":"Diseases of the Esophagus","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147610675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robotic-Assisted Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy (RAILE): a comparative analysis of a single unit, consecutive series of Open, Hybrid, and Robotic approaches.","authors":"Charles J Rayner, Heidi Paine, Aphiwat Luangsomboon, Anna McGuire, Izhar Bagwan, Robert C Walker, Anantha Madhavan, Pritam Singh, Nima Abbassi-Ghadi, Shaun R Preston","doi":"10.1093/dote/doag016","DOIUrl":"10.1093/dote/doag016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Esophago-gastrectomy has historically been associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Minimally invasive surgery has been proposed as a solution to this problem. There has been a rapid adoption of robotic-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy, despite concerns regarding the published morbidity and anastomotic leak rates. We present outcomes from our unit's experience of two-phase (Ivor Lewis) esophago-gastrectomies, from Open through Hybrid, and our first 170 Robotic-Assisted Ivor Lewis esophago-gastrectomy (RAILE) cases. This retrospective cohort study investigated our experience in a single UK institution from 2017 to 2025. We analyzed our prospectively maintained database for patients undergoing two-phase transthoracic esophagectomy for oncological reasons. The study was divided into three consecutive cohorts: Open (n = 100), Hybrid (n = 82), and RAILE (n = 170). No significant differences were observed in patient demographics or tumor stage between the groups. Comparison of Open vs. Hybrid vs. RAILE demonstrated a significant reduction in major complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥IIIb), 20.0% vs. 12.2% vs. 8.8% (P = 0.0289); pulmonary complications, 36.0% vs. 25.6% vs. 17.1% (P = 0.0021); and median length of hospital stay, 14 vs. 12 vs. 8 days (P ≤ 0.0001). Comparison of Open vs. Hybrid vs. RAILE demonstrated a significant reduction in anastomotic leak rate, 12.0% vs. 2.4% vs. 4.1%, respectively (P = 0.0094). Median lymph node yields were comparable across the groups, 48 vs. 43 vs. 41 (P = 0.1871). This single-institution study demonstrates potential benefits of transitioning from open or hybrid to RAILE for esophagectomy. These findings have important patient and resource implications that support the continued evaluation of RAILE.</p>","PeriodicalId":54277,"journal":{"name":"Diseases of the Esophagus","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147328040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic factors for paraconduit hernia in adult patients post-esophagectomy for cancer: a systematic review.","authors":"Abdel-Rahman Abdel Fattah, Kareem Mahdy, Amir Abdelhamid, Shayanathan Nanthakumaran, George Ramsay","doi":"10.1093/dote/doag017","DOIUrl":"10.1093/dote/doag017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Paraconduit hiatal hernia (PCH) is a serious complication following esophagectomy with significant morbidity and mortality. We aimed to conduct a comprehensive review to describe the prognostic factors for PCH in adult patients following esophagectomy for esophageal or gastric cancer to better understand which patients at risk. A systematic search was carried out in Ovid MEDLINE, Embase and Web-of-Science, from inception to August-2024. All studies of adult patients assessing risk factors for radiologically-confirmed PCH following esophagectomy for upper gastrointestinal cancers were included. The data showed that a minimally-invasive esophagectomy was associated with a significant increase in risk of developing PCH (odds ratio [OR]: 4.29, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09-16.87; P = 0.04), particularly following laparoscopic-abdominal approach (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.98, 95% CI: 1.60-5.55; P < 0.01), and a 203% increase following extensive lymphadenectomy (OR: 3.03, 95% CI: 1.14-8.05; P = 0.03). A prophylactic-cruroplasty was not found to be associated with this complication (P = 0.18). Neoadjuvant-chemotherapy and neoadjuvant-chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) were both found to be associated with an increased risk of PCH (HR: 1.56, 95% CI: 0.58-4.17, P < 0.01; HR: 4.27 95% CI: 1.70-10.76; P < 0.01). Tumors located at gastro-esophageal-junction (GOJ) were associated with the greatest risk (HR: 3.51, 95% CI: 1.91-6.45; P < 0.01). In terms of clinical risk factors, patients with body-mass index (BMI) <25 (OR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.10-3.70; P = 0.03), a pre-operative hiatus hernia (HH) (HR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.01-2.94; P < 0.05) and those who had previous hiatal-surgery (HR:3.68, 95% CI: 1.61-8.45; P < 0.01) were associated with increased risk of developing PCH. The current literature suggests an associative trend between patients with BMI less than 25; nCRT; laparoscopic resection; GOJ tumor location; previous HH or hiatal surgery, and developing a PCH post-operatively.</p>","PeriodicalId":54277,"journal":{"name":"Diseases of the Esophagus","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147327949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}