Current Research in Translational Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Painful acrocyanosis as the predominant vascular feature of early anti-Scl-70 positive systemic sclerosis","authors":"Angelo Nigro","doi":"10.1016/j.retram.2026.103612","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.retram.2026.103612","url":null,"abstract":"<div><span><figure><span><img><ol><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download high-res image (288KB)</span></span></span></li><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download full-size image</span></span></span></li></ol></span></figure></span></div>","PeriodicalId":54260,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Translational Medicine","volume":"74 4","pages":"Article 103612"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149118427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, Evaluation, and Effect of Anti-CD38 Single-chain Immunotoxin on HL-60 acute myeloid Leukemia cell Line","authors":"Atefeh Habibi Asl,&nbsp;Reza Valadan,&nbsp;Saeid Taghiloo,&nbsp;Nazanin Joudaki,&nbsp;Hossein Asgarian-Omran,&nbsp;Ehsan Zaboli,&nbsp;Mahdieh Darvishkhezri,&nbsp;Abolghasem Ajami","doi":"10.1016/j.retram.2026.103613","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.retram.2026.103613","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains a highly aggressive hematologic malignancy with poor prognosis, especially in elderly patients. Targeted immunotherapies have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional chemotherapy and monoclonal antibodies, which are often limited by poor pharmacokinetics and off-target effects. In this study, a novel immunotoxin was designed by fusing a single-chain antibody (scFv) specific for CD38 with a low-immunogenic mutant form of bouganin, a plant-derived ribosome-inactivating protein.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The recombinant constructs were expressed in E. coli, purified using affinity chromatography, and validated by SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Functional assays demonstrated that the immunotoxin significantly reduced viability and induced apoptosis in CD38-positive HL-60 cells compared to both untreated controls and single-chain antibody treatments. Flow cytometry confirmed increased apoptotic cell death, while gene expression analysis revealed upregulation of the pro-apoptotic Bax gene alongside downregulation of anti-apoptotic BCL2 and STAT3, indicating activation of apoptosis-related pathways.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Collectively, these findings highlight the superior cytotoxicity and specificity of the CD38-targeted immunotoxin, suggesting its potential as an effective therapeutic strategy against AML.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54260,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Translational Medicine","volume":"74 4","pages":"Article 103613"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149118501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of acute lymphocytic and myeloid leukaemia with optimized dimensionality reduction and deep learning classification framework","authors":"Mohamudha Parveen Rahamathulla,&nbsp;Shtwai Alsubai,&nbsp;Mohemmed Sha","doi":"10.1016/j.retram.2026.103598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.retram.2026.103598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leukaemia is a deadly illness that affects a huge number of people all over the world. ALL (Acute lymphocytic Leukaemia) and AML (Acute Myelogenous Leukaemia) are the common type of leukaemia where AML widely affects older people and ALL commonly affects children. Therefore, the projected system employed GMLP-MLDA (Globalized Multi-Layer Perceptron with Modified Linear Discriminant Analysis) for the detection of ALL and AML through the gene expression dataset. Although the LDA is a better system for reducing dimension, it also has limitations, like improper handling of high-dimensional data, lesser samples, and higher feature values. To optimize classical LDA, the proposed system utilized the optimal fisher criterion with covariance. The classification in the projected system was performed by the MLP (Multi-Layer Perceptron) for its capability of handling non-linear complex relationships among the input and output. To enhance the performance of MLP, the projected system used global feature relation samples. The projected system utilized a gene expression dataset that comprises data on the gene of the leukaemia-affected patients and analyses the leukaemia. The performance of the proposed system is compared internally with three classifiers such as DT (Decision Tree), KNN (K-Nearest Neighbour), and XGBoost. Moreover, comparison of the traditional LDA with the modified LDA is performed to expose the efficiency of the proposed dimension reduction system. Significantly, the proposed system has achieved an accuracy of 95% and demonstrates the model’s ability to contribute the fields of medical science and molecular biology, with enhanced leukaemia diagnosis for improving the survival rate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54260,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Translational Medicine","volume":"74 3","pages":"Article 103598"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148334415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of bone marrow fibrosis on disease characteristics and outcomes in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients","authors":"Ali Ahadzade,&nbsp;Tugrul Elverdi,&nbsp;Selin Kucukyurt,&nbsp;Abdulkadir Ercaliskan,&nbsp;Tuba Ozkan,&nbsp;Ahu Senem Demiröz,&nbsp;Deniz Ozmen,&nbsp;Umut Yılmaz,&nbsp;Ahmet Emre Eskazan,&nbsp;Muhlis Cem Ar,&nbsp;Yıldız Aydın,&nbsp;Ayse Salihoglu","doi":"10.1016/j.retram.2026.103605","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.retram.2026.103605","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Bone marrow microenvironment is an area of interest. Reticulin fibers are a natural component of the microenvironment. Bone marrow fibrosis (BMF) is defined as an increase in reticulin fibers in the bone marrow. In this study, we aimed to explore the frequency of BMF at diagnosis, to investigate differences between BMF and non-BMF patients and the impact of BMF on disease course.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This single-center retrospective study included patients who had been diagnosed with multiple myeloma (MM) and had been evaluated for BMF between January 2010 and June 2022 with a follow-up period of at least 1 year.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 217 patients were subdivided into two groups, namely those with (n = 137) and without BMF (n = 80). The median follow-up time was 44 months (range 12–155). We did not detect any survival difference between patients with and without BMF at diagnosis. However MM with BMF patients had lower hemoglobin values, higher International Staging System (ISS) stages and a tendency towards diffuse plasma cell infiltration and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) was performed less frequently in this patient group. Post-treatment bone marrow biopsies revealed that fibrosis had regressed or completely disappeared in 72% of the patients.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>BMF was observed in 63% of the patients. While fibrosis was not found to be independently associated with survival, diffuse plasma cell infiltration pattern, deeper anemia and higher ISS were found to be related to the fibrosis. Older age and red blood cell (RBC) transfusion need correlated with worsening progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with BMF.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54260,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Translational Medicine","volume":"74 3","pages":"Article 103605"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148914373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-invasive differentiation between aplastic anemia and myelodysplastic syndromes based on an 8-feature lightGBM model: A multicenter external validation study","authors":"Sumei Wang,&nbsp;Zihan Cai,&nbsp;Wei Wei,&nbsp;Shoudong Zhang,&nbsp;Sha Chen,&nbsp;Yurong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.retram.2026.103602","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.retram.2026.103602","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Given the highly overlapping pancytopenic phenotypes, non-invasive differentiation between aplastic anemia (AA) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) remains a formidable clinical challenge. The current diagnostic gold standard relies on invasive bone marrow biopsy and lacks objective standardization. Here, we develop and externally validate a robust, interpretable machine-learning framework utilizing routine peripheral blood parameters to optimize clinical triage.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We retrospectively enrolled patients with histopathologically confirmed AA or MDS, partitioning them into a training set (n = 310) and an internal validation set (n = 131). An independent external cohort (n = 74) was leveraged to evaluate cross-institutional generalizability. Following a rigorous multi-algorithm feature selection framework (incorporating XGBoost, Random Forest, and SVM-RFE), we systematically evaluated 14 machine-learning classifiers. We applied the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) framework to decode pathophysiological drivers and constructed a visual clinical nomogram for point-of-care application.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Algorithmic intersection distilled the high-dimensional data into a parsimonious 8-feature panel (CHOL, hsCRP, IL-6, SAA, AGE, LDL-C, HRF, and IL-10). The optimized LightGBM model demonstrated superior discriminative accuracy. Crucially, the model exhibited robust performance in the independent external validation cohort, achieving an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.997 and an overall accuracy of 97.30%. SHAP analysis bridged mathematical predictions with pathophysiology, revealing that advanced age and an \"inflammaging\" cytokine profile (IL–6, hsCRP, SAA) are the strongest predictive features associated with MDS. Conversely, distinct lipid remodeling (CHOL, LDL–C) and erythropoietic alterations (HRF) shifted the diagnostic probability toward AA.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In conclusion, we established and externally validated a highly accurate, non-invasive 8-feature LightGBM diagnostic model. Translated into a practical clinical nomogram, this interpretable artificial-intelligence tool serves as an efficient \"triage gatekeeper\" to minimize unnecessary invasive biopsies, thereby facilitating precision triage in hematology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54260,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Translational Medicine","volume":"74 3","pages":"Article 103602"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148563634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Allogeneic mesenchymal stem cell therapy combined with photobiomodulation for neonatal soft-tissue necrosis: A case report","authors":"Thais de Andrade Farias Rodrigues,&nbsp;Edilene Villalba dos Santos,&nbsp;Marina Juliana Pita Sassioto Silveira de Figueiredo,&nbsp;Patricia Guenka Scarcelli,&nbsp;Lorena de Paula Silva,&nbsp;Silvia Cordeiro das Neves,&nbsp;Valeriane Maia Siravegna,&nbsp;Rodrigo Juliano Oliveira","doi":"10.1016/j.retram.2026.103599","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.retram.2026.103599","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A 15-day-old neonate was admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit with peripheral ischemia and a right upper limb abscess following <em>Bacillus</em> Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination. Laboratory findings revealed protein C and S deficiencies with elevated <span>d</span>-dimer levels. Imaging demonstrated a cerebral ischemic lesion secondary to coagulopathy, supporting a diagnosis of purpura fulminans. Initial management included abscess drainage followed by extensive surgical debridement of necrotic tissue, anticoagulation, and partial wound suturing. After the third debridement, the infant received four weekly infusions of 1 × 10⁷ allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, suspended in 2 mL of saline solution, and administered across 10–15 intralesional and perilesional injection sites. Daily photobiomodulation therapy was used as an adjunctive treatment for analgesia and tissue regeneration. Following the first cell therapy session, progressive reduction in lesion depth and enhanced vascularization were observed, culminating in complete wound closure 70 days after the initial cell therapy session. This approach may support future advances in cell therapy and regenerative medicine for the treatment of difficult-to-heal wounds in neonates and provides a rationale for prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54260,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Translational Medicine","volume":"74 3","pages":"Article 103599"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148383201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of CD19 CAR T-cell therapy in relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Leen Haj Saleh,&nbsp;Aly Adel Ata,&nbsp;Farah Alshaboul,&nbsp;Awab Alani,&nbsp;Medhat Askar","doi":"10.1016/j.retram.2026.103601","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.retram.2026.103601","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><div>Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by frequent relapses despite initial responsiveness to chemoimmunotherapy. CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has shown promising efficacy in relapsed or refractory disease, though safety concerns such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurological events remain. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CD19 CAR T-cell therapy in relapsed or refractory FL.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A comprehensive search using six databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Embase, was performed to identify relevant studies. Data on overall response rate (ORR), complete response rate (CRR), progression-free survival (PFS), duration of response (DOR), overall survival (OS), and adverse events, including CRS and neurological events, were extracted. Pooled estimates were calculated using the quality effects model. This review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251133655).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Out of 2303 records initially identified, 6 studies met the inclusion criteria. The pooled efficacy analysis demonstrated an ORR of 93.5% (95% CI: 86.3–98.3%) and a CRR of 84.5% (95% CI: 72.6–93.6%). Regarding safety outcomes, the pooled estimate for CRS of any grade was 61.4% (95% CI: 45.0–76.6%). For neurological events, it was 33.6% (95% CI: 13.4–57.1%). Subgroup analyses identified prior therapy lines and CAR construct design as sources of heterogeneity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In conclusion, CD19 CAR T-cell therapy demonstrates high efficacy with a generally acceptable safety in relapsed or refractory FL, supporting its consideration for patients with limited treatment options while highlighting the need for further research on long-term outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54260,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Translational Medicine","volume":"74 3","pages":"Article 103601"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148388266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-culture based diagnostic tests for detection of bacterial infections in hematology patients with febrile neutropenia: A review by the European Conference on Infections in Leukemia (ECIL-10)","authors":"Dionysios Neofytos,&nbsp;Patricia Muñoz,&nbsp;Dina Averbuch,&nbsp;Malgorzata Mikulska,&nbsp;Yuri Vanbiervliet,&nbsp;Francesco Baccelli,&nbsp;Carolina Garcia Vidal,&nbsp;Manuela Aguilar-Guisado,&nbsp;Nicole Blijlevens,&nbsp;Murat Akova,&nbsp;Thierry Calandra,&nbsp;Catherine Cordonnier","doi":"10.1016/j.retram.2026.103600","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.retram.2026.103600","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Limited data are available on the performance of non-culture-based diagnostics in hematology patients with febrile neutropenia (FN).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The European Conference on Infections in Leukaemia (ECIL) 10 group performed a review (2011–2024) on the performance of available in Europe non-culture-based diagnostic methods on blood samples in hematology patients with FN, focusing on bacterial infections. The following tests were included: direct matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), multiplex/specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), T2-magnetic resonance (T2MR), and metagenomic next generation sequencing (mNGS). A list of 6 predefined pertinent questions was assessed for the performance of each test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>For MALDI-TOF-MS, 4/16 (25%) articles were retained, including 475 hematology patients (98 with FN), with sensitivity ranging from 63 to 92.6%. For multiplex-PCR, 8/293 (2.7%) articles were retained, including 509 hematology patients (209 with FN), with a sensitivity of 80.5% and 100% (2 studies) and one study reporting a specificity of 88.5%. For T2MR, 1/18 (5.6%) article was retained including 648 hematology patients (309 with FN) and sensitivity and specificity of 84.2 and 85.9%, respectively. For mNGS, 6/35 (17%) articles were retained: 459 hematology patients (335 with FN), sensitivity (40–100%) and specificity (40–84%) reported in 3 studies. No articles were found on specific PCR in hematology patients. Improved microbiological documentation was reported in 5, 1, and 5 studies on multiplex-PCR, T2MR, and mNGS, respectively. Faster time to diagnosis was reported in 1, 5, and 1 studies on MALDI-TOF-MS, multiplex-PCR, and T2MR, respectively. Treatment choice was affected by the results of MALDI-TOF-MS, multiplex-PCR, mNGS in 1, 6, and 2 studies, respectively. No significant impact on overall survival or length of stay was reported for any of the tests reviewed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Limited evidence exists on the performance of non-culture-based diagnostics in hematology patients. Blood cultures should be routinely used, even if new tests are available, which should be used in conjunction with the routine microbiological techniques, until more quality data are available.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54260,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Translational Medicine","volume":"74 3","pages":"Article 103600"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148426101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging chimeric antigen receptor–T cell therapy for the treatment of multiple sclerosis: Bridging oncology and neurology","authors":"Matlyuba Sanoyeva,&nbsp;Nargiza Nasirdinova,&nbsp;Munisakhon Gulova,&nbsp;Nargiza Ortikova,&nbsp;Alexey Yumashev,&nbsp;Ro'zibek Tolmasov,&nbsp;Turgunbay Kholdarov,&nbsp;Zhanna R. Gardanova","doi":"10.1016/j.retram.2026.103603","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.retram.2026.103603","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is driven by complex interactions among B cells, autoreactive T cells, and compartmentalized inflammation behind the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Although treatment with B cell–targeting monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has transformed MS management, their efficacy remains limited by inadequate penetration into the central nervous system (CNS), incomplete depletion of long–lived plasma cells, and development of treatment resistance in a significant number of patients. In recent years, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)–T cell therapy has emerged as a new therapeutic approach to reset pathogenic immune circuits in MS. CAR–T cell therapy enables more profound and durable depletion of pathogenic B cell populations and, potentially, CNS–associated antibody–producing cells, allowing partial reconstitution of a more tolerant and less autoreactive humoral immune system and reducing intrathecal antibody–mediated inflammation. However, the extent to which CAR–T cells can eradicate deeply compartmentalized CNS–resident immune populations remains under investigation. Nonetheless, CAR–T cell therapy for MS has evolved beyond B cell–depleting strategies, and other types of CAR–T cell therapies with distinct mechanisms of action have also been developed. These strategies include chimeric autoantibody receptor (CAAR)–T cell therapy for selective depletion of autoreactive B cells, CAR–engineered regulatory T (CAR–Treg) cells to restore localized immune tolerance, and T cell receptor mimic CAR–T cells (TCRm CAR–T cells) to recognize autoantigenic peptide–MHC complexes. This review aims to discuss the progress of CAR–T cell therapy for MS and its existing challenges, including safety concerns, optimal antigen selection, and safe access to the CNS. Advances in dual–targeting strategies, chemokine receptor engineering, allogeneic platforms, tailoring strategies to the heterogeneous immunopathology of MS, and <em>in vivo</em> generation of CAR–T cells are also comprehensively discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54260,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Translational Medicine","volume":"74 3","pages":"Article 103603"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148698058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing dendritic cells (DCs) for melanoma immunotherapy: From basic biology to clinical strategies","authors":"Donisha Sonal Rodrigues,&nbsp;Bahaa Ibrahim Saeed,&nbsp;Ali G. Alkhathami,&nbsp;A.K. Kareem,&nbsp;Mirzagaleb Tillyashaykhov,&nbsp;Zahraa Abbas Al-Khafaji,&nbsp;Zuhair I. Al-Mashhadani,&nbsp;Wesam R. Kadhum,&nbsp;Sami Najaf Bokhoor,&nbsp;Yasser Fakri Mustafa","doi":"10.1016/j.retram.2026.103604","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.retram.2026.103604","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Melanoma, as an immunogenic skin cancer, is an area of great interest in cancer immunotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have resulted in improved clinical outcomes in selected patients, but resistance or relapsing disease remains a problem. Dendritic cells (DCs) have the potential to enhance antitumor immunity since they are the most potent antigen-presenting cells and can prime and activate tumor-specific T cells. Recent advancements in single-cell technologies have enabled us to characterize tumor-infiltrating DC subsets (conventional type 1 (cDC1s) and cDC2s, plasmacytoid (pDCs), monocyte-derived (moDCs), as well as potentially novel subsets like DC3s) entirely and characterize their distinct roles in promoting melanoma development, evading immune surveillance, and/or their ability to respond to therapy. DCs can capture, process, and present antigens to activate and regulate T-cell-mediated immune responses, with T-cell immunity needed to control melanoma. Consequently, Next-generation DC-based immunotherapy approaches are being examined. These approaches involve vaccines that utilize naturally circulating DC subsets (ie, CD1c⁺ mDCs, activated pDCs) as well as DCs charged with tumor-specific neoantigens or mRNA, and approaches containing toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands, STING pathway agonists, nanoparticles, and oncolytic viruses to enhance DC maturation and antigen presentation. Furthermore, DC will be combined with treatments including ICIs, adoptive T cell therapy, or chemotherapy to induce enhanced synergistic immune reactions. In this review, we summarize the DC subset functions in melanoma, the underlying mechanisms of DC dysfunction in the tumor microenvironment, and the most recent updates on next-generation DC-based therapies. We also highlight the need for clinical translation and determining barriers and challenges in the personalization of melanoma vaccines and even combination treatment with pre-existing therapies that consider the potential of DC biology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54260,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Translational Medicine","volume":"74 3","pages":"Article 103604"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148725668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}