Nano Futures最新文献

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Overcoming roadblocks in computational roadmaps to the future for safe nanotechnology 克服未来安全纳米技术计算路线图中的障碍
IF 2.1 4区 材料科学
Nano Futures Pub Date : 2021-02-11 DOI: 10.1088/2399-1984/abe560
C. Ö. Karakus, D. Winkler
{"title":"Overcoming roadblocks in computational roadmaps to the future for safe nanotechnology","authors":"C. Ö. Karakus, D. Winkler","doi":"10.1088/2399-1984/abe560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-1984/abe560","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid rise of nanotechnology has resulted in a parallel rise in the number of products containing nanomaterials. The unusual properties that nano forms of materials exhibit relative to the bulk has driven intense research interest and relatively rapid adoption by industry. Regulatory agencies are charged with protecting workers, the public, and the environment from any adverse effects of nanomaterials that may also arise because of these novel physical and chemical properties. They need data and models that allow them to flag nanomaterials that may be of concern, while balancing potential stifling of commercial innovation. Roadmaps for the future of safe nanotechnology were defined more than a decade ago, but many roadblocks identified in these studies remain. Here, we discuss the roadblocks that are still hindering the effective application of informatics and predictive computational nanotoxicology methods from providing more effective guidance to nanomaterials regulatory agencies and safe-by-design rationale for industry. We describe how developments in high throughput synthesis, characterization, and biological assessment of nanomaterials will overcome many of these roadblocks, allowing a clearly defined roadmap for computational design of effective but safe-by-design nanomaterials to be realized.","PeriodicalId":54222,"journal":{"name":"Nano Futures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48750730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
From Boundless Expansion to Existential Threat 从无限扩张到生存威胁
IF 2.1 4区 材料科学
Nano Futures Pub Date : 2021-02-10 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198806820.013.20
Apolline Taillandier
{"title":"From Boundless Expansion to Existential Threat","authors":"Apolline Taillandier","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198806820.013.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198806820.013.20","url":null,"abstract":"This essay examines visions of the future of human life in transhumanist imaginaries of the posthuman, ranging from utopian figurations to catastrophist warnings. Focusing on libertarian, liberal, and conservative posthuman imaginaries, it argues that the posthuman condition is defined by changing scientific, moral, and political narratives, including ideas of revolutionary change, progressive evolution through the ethical use of human enhancement technologies, and the mitigation of existential risk for the preservation of intelligence and civilization in the long term. Changing posthuman imaginaries, it shows, reshape spaces of present and future political imagination.","PeriodicalId":54222,"journal":{"name":"Nano Futures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75583435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Futures Honed 期货磨练
IF 2.1 4区 材料科学
Nano Futures Pub Date : 2021-02-10 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198806820.013.7
B. Adam
{"title":"Futures Honed","authors":"B. Adam","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198806820.013.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198806820.013.7","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter comprises an interview between Barbara Adam and the editors, and is followed by Adam’s ‘Honing Futures’, which is presented in four short verses of distilled theory. In the interview Adam reflects on thirty-five years of futures-thinking rooted in her deeply original work on time and temporality, and her innovative response to qualitative and linear definitions of time within the social sciences. The interview continues with a discussion of the way Adam’s thinking on futures intersects in her work with ideas of ethics and collective responsibility politics and concludes with a brief rationale for writing theory in verse form. In ‘Honing Futures’, a piece of futures theory verse form, Adam charts the movements and moments in considerations of the Not Yet and futurity’s active creation: from pluralized imaginings of the future, to an increasingly tangible and narrower anticipated future, to future-making as designing and reality-creating performance. Collectively, the verses identify the varied complex interdependencies of time, space, and matter with the past and future in all iterations of honing and making futures.","PeriodicalId":54222,"journal":{"name":"Nano Futures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77418702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Future Weather 未来的天气
IF 2.1 4区 材料科学
Nano Futures Pub Date : 2021-02-10 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198806820.013.15
G. Endfield
{"title":"Future Weather","authors":"G. Endfield","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198806820.013.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198806820.013.15","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter draws on empirical research from an AHRC-funded project entitled Spaces of Experience and Horizons of Expectation: Extreme Weather in the UK, Past, Present and Future, to illustrate the complex historical geographies and politics of ‘weather wising’ and different forms of weather prognostications. Endfield considers the different ways in which particular historical subjects imagined and articulated knowledge about weather futures and examines the different temporalities implicated within such practices: from anxieties over immediate weather futures expressed in daily agricultural diaries to longer-term annual forecasting associated with annual almanacs. Uncovering a range of tools and technologies involved in weather forecasting—including both human and non-human methods of forecasting, phenological observations, and prognostications associated with animal behaviours—Endfield explores questions of credibility, authority, and status in terms of knowing and articulating understanding of future weather.","PeriodicalId":54222,"journal":{"name":"Nano Futures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85505153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Wakanda Phambili!
IF 2.1 4区 材料科学
Nano Futures Pub Date : 2021-02-10 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198806820.013.16
Laura M. Pereira, Charne Lavery, B. Moyo, O. Selomane, N. Sitas, Rike Sitas, C. Trisos
{"title":"Wakanda Phambili!","authors":"Laura M. Pereira, Charne Lavery, B. Moyo, O. Selomane, N. Sitas, Rike Sitas, C. Trisos","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198806820.013.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198806820.013.16","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter develops and articulates an African futurist approach to framing and meeting the challenges of social-ecological futures. It advocates a broader conception of futures as lived practice embedded within specific places (e.g. Africa) and their histories, and explores how such practice can form an alternative model to current (Western) climate and environmental scenarios. It proposes that narratives from non-Western cultures offer more nuanced and diverse approaches to decision-making under conditions of uncertainty than the archetypical scenarios depicted in current models. This chapter uses science fiction from sub-Saharan Africa as a source for more experiential decision-making that emphasizes a decolonial agenda, which could shape and change the way we use quantitative modelling to consider future trajectories for the planet in the age of the Anthropocene.","PeriodicalId":54222,"journal":{"name":"Nano Futures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76510471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Birth of Nuclear Eternity 核永恒的诞生
IF 2.1 4区 材料科学
Nano Futures Pub Date : 2021-02-10 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198806820.013.28
Benoît Pelopidas
{"title":"The Birth of Nuclear Eternity","authors":"Benoît Pelopidas","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198806820.013.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198806820.013.28","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter reconnects modes of futures-making with the requirements of democracy by focusing on the naturalization of nuclear weapons and their removal from the realm of democratic choice at a particular point in time. The chapter revolves around the concept of ‘nuclear eternity’ as a means of reducing public choices about the use of nuclear weapons. It critiques the idea that nuclear weapons have always been perceived as ‘here to stay’ and reassesses the dominant narrative about the 1960s as an emancipatory decade by arguing that the decade actually witnessed a significant shrinking of future political possibilities. Finally, the chapter identifies three shapes of the future which produce ‘nuclear eternity’—an absent post-nuclear future, an inconsistent post-nuclear future, and a disconnected post-nuclear future—and illustrates them with historical examples","PeriodicalId":54222,"journal":{"name":"Nano Futures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91165766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
Future as a Horizon of Expectations 未来是期待的地平线
IF 2.1 4区 材料科学
Nano Futures Pub Date : 2021-02-10 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198806820.013.9
P. Jedlowski, V. Pellegrino
{"title":"Future as a Horizon of Expectations","authors":"P. Jedlowski, V. Pellegrino","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198806820.013.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198806820.013.9","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter adopts a sociological approach to conceptualize futurity as a horizon of expectations. It provides a practical application of sociological theory—future present and present future, horizon of expectations, futurization and defuturization—to contemporary discourse. It observes that hegemonic discourses emphasize ‘defuturization’—decreasing the openness of people’s present futures—and explores the problems this poses for the self-expression of younger generations. As well as exploring the impact of futurity/defuturization upon the development of processual research methods, the chapter reflects upon ways in which sociology may intervene in communicative practices and foster the capacity of individuals to work through their own horizons of expectations and open up the present future.","PeriodicalId":54222,"journal":{"name":"Nano Futures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81547755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Concepts of Future Generations 未来世代的概念
IF 2.1 4区 材料科学
Nano Futures Pub Date : 2021-02-10 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198806820.013.22
Julia Nordblad
{"title":"Concepts of Future Generations","authors":"Julia Nordblad","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198806820.013.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198806820.013.22","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines how the relationship between present and future generations has been articulated and envisaged in four discussions on climate change and global environmental crises from the late 1980s onward. Nordblad exemplifies how the very concept of future generations harbours disparate and sometimes conflicting views over the extent future generations can be known, and the political, economic, and ethical complexities embedded in constructions of the relationship between present and future generations. She explores climate economics with its presumptions about substitutable and transgenerational values; Pope Francis’s encyclical on the environment, which describes future generations as a call for moral regeneration; the Brundtland Report, which emphasizes solidarity in the allocation of common resources; and the academic discussion on the non-identity problem, posing our relation to future generations as a moral and political enigma.","PeriodicalId":54222,"journal":{"name":"Nano Futures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84201820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Making an Almanac 制作年历
IF 2.1 4区 材料科学
Nano Futures Pub Date : 2021-02-10 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198806820.013.26
David Benqué
{"title":"Making an Almanac","authors":"David Benqué","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198806820.013.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198806820.013.26","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter employs critical design practice to examine a specific form in the history of prediction—almanacs—and ultimately interrogates the nature of current forms of algorithmic prediction. The chapter revolves around the concept of monism—the idea that the same universal laws govern both natural and social worlds—and focuses on the role monism plays in predictions within almanac publications. It draws on empirical evidence from the Monistic Almanac—an ongoing practice-based research project which revisits the almanac as a site for experiments across the blurry boundary between data science and astrology—in order to conceptualize almanacs as precursors to the current regime of algorithmic prediction. The chapter experiments with computational astrologies and reflects upon the diagrammatic operations of data science. Benqué argues that divination opens up opportunities for critical design practice to question the authority of current notions of predictions.","PeriodicalId":54222,"journal":{"name":"Nano Futures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81296187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Futures Studies 期货的研究
IF 2.1 4区 材料科学
Nano Futures Pub Date : 2021-02-10 DOI: 10.4135/9781446247501.n1583
J. Gidley
{"title":"Futures Studies","authors":"J. Gidley","doi":"10.4135/9781446247501.n1583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446247501.n1583","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines and critiques the changing socio-political implications that accompany the shift from the concept of a singular future to the pluralization of futures. From the 1960s onwards, the emergence of multiple futures enabled larger sections of society to envision and create ‘alternative futures’ to the status quo. In this chapter Gidley brings to bear the democratizing effect of multiple possible futures upon the evolution of theory and practice across academic disciplines. In particular, she illuminates how the theory and practice of futures studies has paralleled developments in the evolution of science and the social sciences, to incorporate critical futures, cultural futures, participatory futures, and integral futures. She concludes with reflections about how the field of futures studies will continue to evolve so that it can diversely represent the future conceptualizations and actions of scholars, practitioners, and researchers globally.","PeriodicalId":54222,"journal":{"name":"Nano Futures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83216750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
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