Psychology and Developing Societies最新文献

{"title":"Validating Cognitive and Emotional Urges in Comprehending One’s Surroundings: The Case of Attraction from Attitudes","authors":"Ramadhar Singh","doi":"10.1177/09713336241229897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09713336241229897","url":null,"abstract":"Durganand Sinha found that attitudes formed from a preceding experience influenced participants’ responses to the succeeding one in a laboratory experiment on memory ( Davis & Sinha, 1950 ). He also found that the people of Darjeeling who were affected by the landslide in 1950 had spread rumours to make sense of their surroundings via cognitive and emotional responses ( Sinha, 1952 ). In this article, the author pays tributes to Sinha by making a new case for the importance of attitudes-and-attraction experiments in bolstering his earlier findings. That attitude similarity effects on attraction are stronger when the correctness of the participant’s views is objectively unverifiable rather than verifiable matches with the evidence for efforts about meaning among the Darjeeling residents in the absence of information. Likewise, validation of one’s attitudes by peers and then experiencing positive affect in attraction represent the very same respective cognitive and emotional urges of the Darjeeling people during the post-landslide period. These findings jointly validate Sinha’s views on the prevalence of attitude-driven responding, fusion between responses and sequential relation between cognitive and emotional urges in everyday life.","PeriodicalId":54177,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Developing Societies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140155770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Intermarriages Versus Intramarriages on Intergroup Relationships Among Kurdish Tribes","authors":"Nuri Akdoğan, M. Ersin Kuşdil","doi":"10.1177/09713336241231048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09713336241231048","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigated the effects of intermarriages versus intramarriages on intragroup and intergroup relationships in terms of evaluation, perceived similarity, social distance and social contact. For this purpose, data were collected from 200 members of the Ertushi and Pinyanishi Kurdish tribes living in Hakkari, Turkey who practiced intramarriage ( n = 108) or intermarriage ( n = 92). Results show that intermarried participants assessed both tribal identities not only positively but also similar to themselves, whereas intramarried participants assessed their tribe more positively and similar to themselves than the other tribe. Also, intermarried participants were significantly different from intramarried participants in terms of contact frequency with ingroup, contact frequency and quality with outgroup and social distance towards outgroup. These findings imply that social identity acquired through marriage affects one’s perception and attitude towards members of that identity positively, as well as reducing social distance and increasing contact frequency/quality with them.","PeriodicalId":54177,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Developing Societies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140107634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Influence of Decisionmaking Style and Financial Status of Cancer Patients on Varied Cultural Aspects of Decision Process","authors":"Nishtha Jain, Purnima Singh","doi":"10.1177/09713336241233715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09713336241233715","url":null,"abstract":"Though many studies have linked shared decision-making with positive patient outcomes and patient satisfaction, there is less research on the practicality and feasibility of such an approach, specifically, in India. Recent findings indicate that contextual constraints of the patients and family caregivers are fused with and inevitably shape their decision-making style. This study investigates the influence of individual (paternalistic and shared decision-making style) and contextual (financial status of the patients) factors on certain cultural aspects of decision process, namely, trust in doctors, patient’s agency, emotional distress and attribution of responsibility. Data were collected using a survey questionnaire from a sample of 306 participants. Linear mixed models were used to analyse the responses. The results indicate that a shift towards shared approaches does yield qualitatively superior outcomes in terms of increased trust in doctors and patients’ agency along with reduced emotional distress. The study also emphasises the role of cultural metaphysical beliefs in attributing responsibility for treatment decisions. Further, low financial status was found to be associated with higher trust in doctors, lower patient agency, and increased emotional distress for both patients and family caregivers. The move towards shared decision-making, considering the contextual realities of patients, could be instrumental in addressing critical issues, such as prevalence of collusion, superficial role of informed consent, and high reliance on doctors’ authority or expertise.","PeriodicalId":54177,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Developing Societies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140107446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IAPS in India: A Cross-cultural Validation Study of Highly Arousing Emotional Pictures","authors":"Surabhi Lodha, Rashmi Gupta","doi":"10.1177/09713336241229966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09713336241229966","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to obtain a set of erotic and gory pictures from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) for use in studies across India. Additionally, it compares the ratings of a representative Indian sample with North American norms. Using the Self-assessment Manikin, adult Indian participants rated 72 arousal-matched IAPS pictures on emotional dimensions of arousal, valence and dominance. The ratings of the Indian and North American samples for valence were similar, but arousal and dominance ratings differed significantly. According to the valence–arousal relationship, the Indian sample’s emotional reactions to the unpleasant pictures compared to the pleasant ones were stronger. The Indian sample’s affective space of valence and arousal had a more curved and deeper boomerang pattern than the North American sample. The divergences in arousal and dominance ratings are attributed to cultural differences in interpreting affective information specific to erotic and gory pictures. Although there are marked similarities between the Indian and North American ratings, careful consideration of country-specific normative ratings is recommended for erotic and gory IAPS pictures.","PeriodicalId":54177,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Developing Societies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140025619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applying Self-Determination Theory to International Development and Humanitarian Organisations","authors":"Ashley J. Emmerton, John M. Malouff","doi":"10.1177/09713336241228926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09713336241228926","url":null,"abstract":"International development and humanitarian organisations are increasingly focused on transitioning from top-down models of practice to ‘locally-led approaches’ that recognise local epistemologies, capabilities and visions of change. Despite this focus, there remains limited practical guidance to support organisations making this transition. In this article, we aim to suggest ways in which Self-Determination Theory, a well-known theoretical framework in psychology and education, could be applied in the context of development and humanitarian organisations to facilitate transitions to locally-led partnerships and ways of working. We provide an overview of Self-Determination Theory and where it has been used in the development and humanitarian contexts. We propose its feasibility as a framework for transition to locally-led partnerships and approaches in these contexts and suggest specific strategies under a Self-Determination Theory framework that organisations could employ to support both international and local staff members in organisational transitions to locally-led practice.","PeriodicalId":54177,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Developing Societies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139950818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the Software of the Mind, Self and Culture: The Scientific Foundation of Indigenous and Cultural Psychology","authors":"Uichol Kim, Jisun Kim","doi":"10.1177/09713336231185203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09713336231185203","url":null,"abstract":"The understanding of the nature and the software of the mind has generated immense debate in religion, philosophy, sciences and psychology. Drucker notes that the basic assumption about the reality is the foundation for science, axiom and algorithm adopted for the theory, concept and method. The assumption differentiates what is important from what is noise. In the medieval Europe, the Catholic Church provided a unified theory of the world as a reflection of God’s grand design and purpose. They held the power to define and thus had the power to control people’s lives. Their power was challenged during the Renaissance with the emergence of humanism. The Cartesian duality of separating the mind from body allowed the separation of church and state and science to flourish. In East Asia, Confucius articulated a different set of assumptions. Humans are defined as ingan 人間 (‘human between’) and assume relationship and compassion as the basic foundation. This is the basis of the cultural difference and theory of the mind. The Darwinian Evolutionary Theory replaced the religious definition, Cartesian duality, and empathy with the biological traits, instincts and natural selection. Psychology adopted the biological model to explain human behaviour. Research in paleoanthropology, genetics, and neurobiology outline the limitations of the biological model in explaining the human mind and behaviour. Bandura has documented the importance of human agency, consciousness, and self-efficacy in explaining human behaviour and provided empirical results with greater predictive and explanatory power than the traditional psychological theories. Indigenous and cultural psychology represents the continuation of the assumptions, theory and concepts outlined by Wilhelm Wundt and Albert Bandura. Kim outlines the transactional model of science, where human agency (measured by self-efficacy) can explain a person’s performance and outcome. Empirically, the Harvard Study of Adult Development, the 85-year longitudinal study, found the unexpected results that challenge the previous held assumptions. Waldinger and Schulz have found that maintaining good relationship is the most important predictor of happiness, health and longevity and not high income, success, IQ and personality. Kim and Kim found that for Millennials and Gen Z, happiness is predicted by relational and social efficacy, positive outlook, and receiving social support from family, friends and online communities, replicating previous results found across three generations and for the past 25 years in Korea. These results point to the importance of examining the basic assumptions of the theories in psychology and the scientific foundation of indigenous and cultural psychology.","PeriodicalId":54177,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Developing Societies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135298782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Search for Some General Psychological Principles for Improving Intercultural Living in Plural Societies","authors":"John W Berry","doi":"10.1177/09713336231178368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09713336231178368","url":null,"abstract":"The dramatic increase of intercultural encounters that have resulted from international migration and globalisation has presented challenges for societies, their institutions and their residents. The assumption is usually made that most culturally plural societies and their members seek to engage in positive encounters, rather than having conflictual ones. There are many factors (political, economic and historical) that can promote or limit the attainment of this goal of positive intercultural relations. Beyond these societal-level factors, another set of factors are psychological; these are based on the presence of some shared underlying psychological processes that enable mutual understanding and acceptance. For over 50 years, I have searched for some of these shared psychological principles, guided by some assertions contained in the Canadian policy of multiculturalism. These assertions are the promotion of: feelings of security in a group’s and a person’s place in the society; the presence of social contacts that are mutually respectful; and the existence of multiple identities and ways of living in the diverse population. This article reviews the evidence for these principles, using data from Canadian and international studies. I conclude that this psychological research has provided support for these general principles that are derived from public policy. As a result, they are ripe for possible use in many plural societies now seeking ways to manage and improve their intercultural relations. The journey has been from policy to research, and back to policy formulation and implementation.","PeriodicalId":54177,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Developing Societies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47346841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 Pandemic and Positive Ageing","authors":"S. Ng, C. Cheung","doi":"10.1177/09713336231178367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09713336231178367","url":null,"abstract":"Given the havoc of the worldwide coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the older population, this article outlines a positive ageing framework for understanding and assuaging the havoc. Positive ageing follows the dual ageing ethics of living positively for self (maintaining health and functional independence) and for the betterment of others (other individuals and society at large). However, it suffers from the pandemic because the pandemic exacerbates ageism, impedes vaccine uptake and erodes social networks that have been an important resource and source of human connectedness and support for elders. The suffering thus amplifies the havoc of the pandemic on elders’ physical, psychological and social health. Preventing that suffering and advancing positive ageing, possibly by cultivating social networks and through social reforms to harness the silver demographic dividend of older workers for post-pandemic national recovery, are advisable, considering extant and emerging research evidence.","PeriodicalId":54177,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Developing Societies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45644503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Democratic Citizen, Political Plasticity and National Development: A Psychological Perspective","authors":"F. Moghaddam, Raimundo Salas-Schweikart, Melanie Schneider","doi":"10.1177/09713336231180961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09713336231180961","url":null,"abstract":"The global context in which national development is taking place has changed in important ways, including widening and entrenched inequalities, deglobalisation, weakened democracies, more aggressive dictatorships and the rise of authoritarian strongmen in many countries. Within this changed context, we examine the central role of the democratic citizen and political plasticity in national development. Our arguments are supported by reference to empirical psychological studies, as well as applied challenges in national development. We identify the 10 most important psychological characteristics of the democratic citizen. Achieving these characteristics requires change, which we discuss through the concept of political plasticity, how fast, in what ways, and how much political behaviour can (and cannot) be changed. We point out that in some domains political plasticity is very low and changes extremely slowly. We identify a narrative approach as the best path for nurturing democratic citizens, building on the narrative story-telling tradition that is already indigenous to many non-Western societies. The incorporation of a narrative tradition to strengthen democratic citizenship does not require expensive technology or other material resources.","PeriodicalId":54177,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Developing Societies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48864531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theory and Application in Personality Science: The Case of Social-cognitive Theory","authors":"D. Cervone","doi":"10.1177/09713336231178366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09713336231178366","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviews the development of theoretical concepts and applications of basic findings in personality psychology. It does so primarily by focusing on social-cognitive theories of personality structure and functioning. These include the foundational theories of Bandura and Mischel and the subsequent KAPA model of Cervone. Three central themes in social-cognitive conceptions are identified: (a) a focus on individuals rather than on summaries of individual differences in the population, (b) attention to causal mechanisms underlying action and experience and (c) the study of persons in context, including attention to psychological processes through which people assign meaning to diverse settings and life challenges. These emphases facilitate applications, as is illustrated by a review of applied efforts in developing societies that capitalise on principles of social-cognitive theory, including assessments guided by the KAPA model.","PeriodicalId":54177,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Developing Societies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44216049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}